Feminist aesthetics
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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""Do women have to be naked to get into the Met. Museum?" (1989) was an awareness campaign by the American feminist group the Guerrilla Girls; who, after counting all male artists, female artists, male nudes and female nudes at New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art, condemned the limited number of female artists found in that institute."--Sholem Stein |
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Feminist aesthetics refers not to a particular aesthetic or style but to perspectives that question assumptions in art and aesthetics concerning gender. In particular feminists argue despite seeming neutral or inclusive, the way we think about art and aesthetics is influenced by gender. In the way that feminist history unsettles traditional history, feminist aesthetics challenges philosophies of beauty, the arts and sensory experience.
Starting in the 18th century, ideas of aesthetic pleasure have tried to define "taste". Kant and Hume both argued that there was universal good taste, which made aesthetic pleasure. A feminist line of logic about these attempts is that, because fine art was a leisure activity at this time, those who could afford to make art, or produce supposed universal truths about how it is enjoyed, would do so in a way that creates class and gender division. Even when those universal aesthetists did address gender, they categorized aesthetics into two categories beauty and sublimity; with beauty being small and delicate (feminine), and sublimity being, large and awe-inspiring (masculine).
Another explanation for the male-domination of forming aesthetic theory, is that feminists express their aesthetic pleasure differently than non-feminist aesthetes for "whom the pleasure of theorizing [...] is a form of jouissance". Instead a feminist is less likely to view the object as a disinterested interpreter, and intellectualize the sensation. (Hilde Hein).
The idea of the creative genius is inspected in feminist aesthetics. In particular, women artists are often excluded from being creative or artistic geniuses. In addition, the idea of the creative genius itself celebrates individualism - which Christine Battersby calls "a kind of masculine heroism" - and overlooks the work of joint collaborations.
Aesthetic theories that make a distinction between "arts" and "crafts", can be viewed as anti-feminist. Here art usually refers to fine art and crafts to everything else which has everyday aesthetics. Since those craft practices occur in the home where many woman continue to work, their creativity is marginalised because their domain is marginalised.
Reading
- "Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?" (1971) by Linda Nochlin
- "Do women have to be naked to get into the Met. Museum?" (1989) by the Guerrilla Girls
- "What's Wrong with the Female Nude?" (2012)
- "What's Wrong with the (White) Female Nude?" (2016)
See also
