False flag
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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False flag (or black flag) describes covert military or paramilitary operations designed to deceive in such a way that the operations appear as though they are being carried out by other entities, groups or nations than those who actually planned and executed them. Operations carried during peace-time by civilian organizations, as well as covert government agencies, may by extension be called false flag operations if they seek to hide the real organisation behind an operation.
The name "false flag" has its origins in naval warfare where the use of a flag other than the belligerent's true battle flag as a ruse de guerre, before engaging an enemy, has long been acceptable. Such operations are also acceptable in certain circumstances in land warfare, to deceive enemies in similar ways providing that the deception is not perfidious and all such deceptions are discarded before opening fire upon the enemy.
See also
Concepts
- Agent provocateur
- Black propaganda
- Casus belli
- Covert operation
- Front organization
- Joe job, a similar online concept
- Mimicry
- State terrorism
- National Socialist Underground
Examples
- Bloed, Bodem, Eer en Trouw (Flemish neo-Nazi group preparing false flag attacks)
- Bologna massacre
- Canuck letter
- Celle Hole
- Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations (Roots of Iraq war)
- Bush-Blair memo
- CIA Operation Ajax (United States overthrowing of Mohammed Mossadeq, Prime Minister of Iran, in 1953)
- CIA Operation Northwoods was a Plan to blame Cuba for a Terrorist attack in order to get a pretext for 'justified' War of aggression after USA funded and organized failed Terrorist attack known as CIA Operation Mongoose.
- CIA PBSUCCESS (United States Operation for overthrowing the Arbenz government in Guatemala in 1954)
- CIA Project Cherry ( United States non-stop assassination project to kill Norodom Sihanouk, Prince, and later King of Cambodia)
- Gleiwitz incident aka Operation Himmler
- Kommandoverband Jaguar German army unit conducting deep reconnaissance in Soviet uniforms
- Lavon Affair Israeli attempt to plant bombs in Western targets in Egypt, in blaming Arab elements
- Marxist-Leninist Party of the Netherlands (fake party set up by the Dutch security service)
- Masada Action and Defense Movement (French white supremacists, under the guise of a fake extremist Zionist movement, conducted bombings of Arab targets in France in an attempt to start a war between French Arabs and Jews.)
- Operation Gladio
- Operation Jaque
- Reichstag Fire, which led to the Reichstag Fire Decree which suspended the Weimar Constitution until the end of the Third Reich
- Shelling of Mainila by Joseph Stalin and USSR in order to get pretext for 'justified' war of aggression named Winter War
- SIS (MI6) Operation Boot (UK Operation for overthrowing of Mohammed Mossadeq, Prime Minister of Iran, in 1953 with Americans)<ref>Garretwilson.com</ref>
- Special Activities Division
- The Plaza Miranda Bombings in the Philippines, which led to Ferdinand Marcos's suspension of the writ of habeas corpus.
- The strategy of tension in Italy during the 1970s, when right-wing Italian, Spanish, Greek, and CIA agents caused various terrorist acts in Italy, which were publicly laid to Communist terrorist groups that were actually fakes, and to the Red Brigades who were actually innocent of these particular crimes
