The Ruin  

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- +"'''The Ruin'''" is an [[elegy]] in [[Old English]], written by an unknown author probably in the 8th or 9th century, and published in the 10th century in the ''[[Exeter Book]]'', a large collection of poems and riddles.
-'''Literary descriptions of cities''' (also known as '''urban ''descriptiones''''') form a [[literary genre]] that originated in [[Ancient Greece|Ancient Greek]] [[epideictic]] [[rhetoric]].<ref name=Hyde_1966>{{citation |url=https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:1m2881&datastreamId=POST-PEER-REVIEW-PUBLISHERS-DOCUMENT.PDF |title=Medieval descriptions of cities |author=[[Kenneth Hyde|JK Hyde]] |journal=[[Bulletin of the John Rylands Library]] |year=1966 |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=308–40 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.48.2.5 }}</ref><ref name=Fulton>{{citation |jstor=40732051 |title=The Encomium Urbis in Medieval Welsh Poetry |author=Helen Fulton |journal=Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium |volume=26/27 |pages=54–72 |year=2006–2007 }}</ref><ref name=Schlauch /><ref name=Benson /> They can be prose or poetry. Many take the form of an '''urban eulogy''' (variously referred to as an '''''encomium urbis''''', '''''laudes urbium''''', '''''encomium civis''''', '''''laus civis''''', '''''laudes civitatum'''''; or in English: '''urban''' or '''city encomium''', '''panegyric''', '''laudation''' or '''praise poem''') which praise their subject.<ref name=Fulton /><ref name=Schlauch /><ref name=Benson /><ref name=Faulkner_2011 /> Laments to a city's past glories are sometimes also included in the genre.<ref name=Schlauch /><ref name=Benson /> ''Descriptiones'' often mix [[topography|topographical]] information with abstract material on the spiritual and legal aspects of the town or city, and with social observations on its inhabitants.<ref name=Hyde_1966 /><ref name=Benson /> They generally give a more extended treatment of their urban subject than is found in an encyclopedia or general geographical work. Influential examples include Benedict's ''[[Mirabilia Urbis Romae]]'' of around 1143.<ref name=Hyde_1966 />+
- +
-The Greek rhetorician [[Dionysius of Halicarnassus]], in the first century AD, was the first to prescribe the form of a [[eulogy]] to a city in detail. Features he touches on include the city's location, size and beauty; the qualities of its river; its [[temple]]s and [[secular]] buildings; its origin and founder, and the acts of its citizens.<ref name=Schlauch /> The [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] rhetorician [[Quintilian]] expounds on the form later in the first century, stressing praise of the city's founder and prominent citizens, as well as the city's site and location, fortifications and public works such as temples.<ref name=Fulton /><ref name=Faulkner_2011 /> The third-century rhetorician [[Menander Rhetor|Menander]] expands on the guidelines further, including advice on how to turn a city's bad points into advantages.<ref name=Schlauch /> These works were probably not directly available to medieval writers,<ref name=Hyde_1966 /> but the form is outlined in many later grammar primers, including those by [[Aelius Donatus|Donatus]] and [[Priscian]].<ref name=Fulton /><ref name=Schlauch /><ref name=Faulkner_2011>{{citation |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ycQmDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT93 |author= Mark Faulkner |chapter=The Spatial Hermeneutics of Lucian's ''De Laude Cestrie'' |title=Mapping the Medieval City: Space, Place and Identity in Chester, c. 1200–1600 |editor=Catherine AM Clarke|year=2011 |publisher=University of Wales Press |isbn=978-1783164615 }}</ref> Priscian's ''Praeexercitamina'', a translation into [[Latin]] of a [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] work by [[Hermogenes of Tarsus|Hermogenes]], was a particular influence on [[medieval]] authors.<ref name=Schlauch />+
- +
-Surviving late Roman examples of ''descriptiones'' include [[Ausonius]]'s ''[[Ordo urbium nobilium|Ordo Nobilium Urbium]]'', a fourth-century Latin poem that briefly describes thirteen cities including [[Milan]] and [[Bordeaux]].<ref name=Hyde_1966 /><ref name=Schlauch /> [[Rutilius Claudius Namatianus|Rutilius Namatianus]]'s ''De reditu suo'' is a longer poem dating from the early fifth century that includes a section praising [[Rome]].<ref name=Schlauch />+
- +
-Numerous medieval examples have survived, mainly but not exclusively in Latin, the earliest dating from the eighth century.<ref name=Hyde_1966 /><ref name=Schlauch /> They adapt the classical form to [[Christianity|Christian]] theology.<ref name=Hyde_1966 /><ref name=Fulton /><ref name=Schlauch /><ref name=Faulkner_2011 /> The form was popularised by widely circulated guidebooks intended for [[pilgrim]]s.<ref name=Hyde_1966 /> Common topics include the [[defensive wall|city walls]] and gates, markets, churches and local [[saint]]s; ''descriptiones'' were sometimes written as a preface to the biography of a saint.<ref name=Hyde_1966 /> The earliest examples are in verse. The first known prose example was written in around the tenth century, and later medieval examples were more often written in prose.<ref name=Hyde_1966 /> Milan and Rome are the most frequent subjects, and there are also examples describing many other Italian cities.<ref name=Hyde_1966 /> Outside Italy, pre-1400 examples are known for [[Chester]], [[Durham, England|Durham]], [[London]], [[York]] and perhaps [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]] in England,<ref name=Hyde_1966 /><ref name=Fulton /><ref name=Schlauch>{{citation |jstor=27704714 |author=[[Margaret Schlauch]] |title=An Old English "Encomium Urbis" |journal=[[Journal of English and Germanic Philology]] |year=1941 |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=14–28 }}</ref><ref name=Abram /> [[Newborough, Anglesey|Newborough]] in Wales,<ref name=Fulton /> and [[Angers]], [[Paris]] and [[Senlis]] in France.<ref name=Hyde_1966 /><ref name=Gransden /> The form spread to Germany in the first half of the 15th century, with [[Nuremberg]] being the most commonly described city.<ref name=Blamires_1990 />+
- +
-[[Kenneth Hyde|J. K. Hyde]], who surveyed the genre in 1966, considers the evolution of ''descriptiones'' written before 1400 to reflect "the growth of cities and the rising culture and self-confidence of the citizens", rather than any literary progression.<ref name=Hyde_1966 /> Later medieval examples tend to be more detailed and less generic than early ones, and to place an increasing emphasis on secular over religious aspects. For example, [[Bonvesin da la Riva|Bonvesin della Riva]]'s 1288 description of Milan, ''De Magnalibus Urbis Mediolani'', contains a wealth of detailed facts and statistics about such matters as local crops. These trends were continued in [[Renaissance]] ''descriptiones'', which flourished from the early years of the 15th century,<ref name=Hyde_1966 /> especially after the popularisation of the [[printing press]] from the middle of that century.<ref name=Blamires_1990>{{citation |url=https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:1m2246&datastreamId=POST-PEER-REVIEW-PUBLISHERS-DOCUMENT.PDF |title=The portrayal of towns in sixteenth-century German ''Volksbŭcher'' |author=David Blamires |journal=[[Bulletin of the John Rylands Library]] |volume=72 |year=1990 |issue=3 |pages=49–61 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.72.3.4 }}</ref>+
- +
-==Selected examples==+
-The following chronological list presents urban descriptions and eulogies written before the end of the 14th century, based mainly on the reviews of [[Kenneth Hyde|Hyde]]<ref name=Hyde_1966 /> and [[Margaret Schlauch]],<ref name=Schlauch /> with a selection from the many examples written from 1400 to 1550. +
-{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="margin-right: 0;"+
-|-+
-! scope="col" | Title+
-! scope="col" data-sort-type="number"| Date+
-! scope="col" | Author+
-! scope="col" | City+
-! scope="col" | Country+
-! scope="col" | Format+
-! scope="col" | Language+
-! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''[[Ordo urbium nobilium|Ordo Nobilium Urbium]]''+
-| <center>{{Hs|350 !}}4th century</center>+
-| [[Ausonius]]+
-| Various+
-| +
-| Poetry+
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Hyde_1966 /><ref name=Schlauch />+
-|-+
-|''De reditu suo''+
-| <center>{{Hs|425 !}}Early 5th century</center>+
-| [[Rutilius Claudius Namatianus|Rutilius Namatianus]]+
-| [[Rome]]+
-| Italy+
-| Poetry+
-| Latin +
-| <ref name=Schlauch />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''[[Laudes Mediolanensis civitatis]]''+
-| <center>{{Hs|738 !}}~738</center>+
-| +
-| [[Milan]]+
-| Italy+
-| Poetry+
-| Latin+
-| Or ''Versum de Mediolano civitate''<ref name=Hyde_1966 /><ref name=Schlauch /><ref name=Christie />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''[[De laude Pampilone epistola]]''+
-| <center>{{Hs|7th century}}7th century</center>+
-| +
-| [[Pamplona]]+
-| Spain+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| The ''laudatio'' is known from a composite with an unrelated text dating from c. 410<ref>{{citation |author=[[Roger Collins]] |title=The Basques |publisher=Blackwell |year=1986 |pages=67–69}}</ref>+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Poema de Pontificibus et Sanctis Eboracensis Ecclesiae''+
-| <center>{{Hs|782 !}}Early or mid-780s</center>+
-| [[Alcuin]]+
-| [[York]]+
-| England+
-| Poetry+
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Schlauch /><ref>{{cite ODNB |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/298 |title=Alcuin (c.740–804) |author=D. A. Bullough |year=2010 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/298 }}</ref>+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Versus de Destructione Aquileiae''+
-| <center>{{Hs|785 !}}Late 8th century</center>+
-| [[Paulinus II of Aquileia|Paulinus of Aquileia]] or [[Paul the Deacon]]+
-| [[Aquileia]]+
-| Italy+
-| Poetry+
-| Latin+
-| Attribution disputed<ref name=Schlauch /><ref name=Christie>{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eifJKt02ELkC&pg=PA183 |title=From Constantine to Charlemagne: An Archaeology of Italy, AD 300–800 |author=[[Neil Christie]] |year=2006 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |pages=183–85 |isbn=1859284213 }}</ref>+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''[[Versus de Verona|Laudes Veronensis Civitatis]]''+
-| <center>{{Hs|801 !}}796–806</center>+
-| +
-| [[Verona]]+
-| Italy+
-| Poetry+
-| Latin+
-| Or ''Veronae rhythmica'', ''Versus de Verona''<ref name=Hyde_1966 /><ref name=Schlauch /><ref name=Christie />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''[[The Ruin]]''+
-| <center>{{Hs|800 !}}8th – late 9th century</center>+
-| +
-| An unnamed Roman spa, probably [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]]+
-| England+
-| Poetry+
-| [[Old English]]+
-| Date uncertain; subject has also been suggested to be [[Chester]] or a town near [[Hadrian's Wall]]<ref name=Abram>{{citation |url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucmgcab/ruinandaldhelm.pdf |title=In Search of Lost Time: Aldhelm and ''The Ruin'' |author=Christopher Abram |journal= Quaestio (Selected Proceedings of the Cambridge Colloquium in Anglo-Saxon, Norse, and Celtic) |year=2000 |volume=1 |pages=23–44 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oxTIwNEBZ_cC&pg=PA15 |title=The Old English Elegies: A Critical Edition and Genre Study |author=Anne L. Klinck |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press |year=2001 |pages=15–16, 61–63 |isbn=0773522417 }}</ref>+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Versus de Aquilegia''+
-| <center>{{Hs|850 !}}844–855</center>+
-| +
-| [[Aquileia]]+
-| Italy+
-| Poetry+
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Schlauch />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''De Situ Civitatis Mediolani''+
-| <center>{{Hs|890 !}}~780–1000</center>+
-| +
-| [[Milan]]+
-| Italy+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| Or ''De situ urbis Mediolanensis''<ref name=Hyde_1966 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | [[Durham (poem)|''Durham'']]+
-| <center>{{Hs|1100 !}}Mid-11th century to ~1107</center>+
-| +
-| [[Durham, England|Durham]]+
-| England+
-| Poetry+
-| [[Old English]]+
-| Or ''De situ Dunelmi''; date disputed<ref name=Schlauch /><ref name=Abram /><ref name=Offler>{{citation |jstor=27714086 |title=The Date of Durham ''(Carmen de Situ Dunelmi)'' |author=H. S. Offler |journal=[[Journal of English and Germanic Philology]] |year=1962 |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=591–94 }}</ref>+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Liber Pergaminus''+
-| <center>{{Hs|1122 !}}1112–33</center>+
-| [[Moses of Bergamo|Moses de Brolo]]+
-| [[Bergamo]]+
-| Italy+
-| Poetry+
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Hyde_1966 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''[[Mirabilia Urbis Romae]]''+
-| <center>{{Hs|1141 !}}~1140–43</center>+
-| Benedict+
-| [[Rome]]+
-| Italy+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Hyde_1966 /><ref name=Benson />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Descriptio Nobilissimae Civitatis Londoniae''+
-| <center>{{Hs|1173 !}}1173–74</center>+
-| [[William Fitzstephen]]+
-| [[London]]+
-| England+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| Or ''Descriptio Nobilissimi Civitatis Londoniae''<ref name=Hyde_1966 /><ref name=Fulton /><ref name=Benson /><ref name=Gransden />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''[[De mirabilibus urbis Romae]]''+
-| <center>{{Hs|1175 !}}1150–1200</center>+
-| Master Gregory+
-| [[Rome]]+
-| Italy+
-| +
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Hyde_1966 /><ref name=Benson />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''[[De laude Cestrie]]''+
-| <center>{{Hs|1195 !}}~1195</center>+
-| Lucian of Chester+
-| [[Chester]]+
-| England+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| Or ''Liber Luciani de laude Cestrie''<ref name=Hyde_1966 /><ref name=Faulkner_2011 /><ref name=Gransden />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | In ''Ymagines historiarum''+
-| <center>{{Hs|1200 !}}~1180–1200</center>+
-| [[Ralph de Diceto]]+
-| [[Angers]]+
-| [[Angevin Empire]]+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Gransden>{{citation |jstor=2851214 |doi=10.2307/2851214 |title=Realistic Observation in Twelfth-Century England |author=[[Antonia Gransden]] |journal=[[Speculum (journal)|Speculum]] |year=1972 |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=29–51 |s2cid=163505360 }}</ref>+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Graphia Aureae Urbis Romae''+
-| <center>{{Hs|1217 !}}~1154–1280</center>+
-| +
-| [[Rome]]+
-| Italy+
-| +
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Hyde_1966 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''De Laude Civitatis Laude''+
-| <center>{{Hs|1256 !}}~1253–59</center>+
-| An unnamed Franciscan+
-| [[Lodi, Lombardy|Lodi]]+
-| Italy+
-| Poetry+
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Hyde_1966 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''De Magnalibus Urbis Mediolani''+
-| <center>{{Hs|1288 !}}1288</center>+
-| [[Bonvesin da la Riva|Bonvesin della Riva]]+
-| [[Milan]]+
-| Italy+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Hyde_1966 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''De Mediolano Florentissima Civitate''+
-| <center>{{Hs|1316 !}}~1316</center>+
-| [[Benzo d'Alessandria]]+
-| [[Milan]]+
-| Italy+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Hyde_1966 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Visio Egidii Regis Patavii''+
-| <center>{{Hs|1318 !}}~1318</center>+
-| Giovanni da Nono+
-| [[Padua]]+
-| Italy+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Hyde_1966 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Recommentatio Civitatis Parisiensis''+
-| <center>{{Hs|1323 !}}1323</center>+
-| +
-| [[Paris]]+
-| France+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Hyde_1966 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Tractatus de Laudibus Parisius''+
-| <center>{{Hs|1323 !}}1323</center>+
-| [[Jean de Jandun]]+
-| [[Paris]], [[Senlis]]+
-| France+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| Written in response to ''Recommentatio Civitatis Parisiensis''<ref name=Hyde_1966 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Libellus de Descriptione Papie''+
-| <center>{{Hs|1330 !}}1330</center>+
-| [[Opicinus de Canistris|Opicino de Canistris]]+
-| [[Pavia]]+
-| Italy+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| Or ''Liber de laudibus civitatis Ticinensis''<ref name=Hyde_1966 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Polistoria de virtutibus et dotibus Romanorum''+
-| <center>{{Hs|1333 !}}1320–46</center>+
-| Giovanni Caballini+
-| [[Rome]]+
-| Italy+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Classen_2009>{{citation |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nSiyjwkh5FwC&pg=PA567 |chapter=Hans Sachs and his Encomia Songs on German Cities: Zooming Into and Out of Urban Space from a Poetic Perspective. With a Consideration of Hartmann Schedel's ''Liber Chronicarum'' (1493) |author=Albrecht Classen |title=Urban Space in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age |editor=Albrecht Classen|pages=567–94 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=2009 |isbn=978-3110223897 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |jstor=30222468 |title=Reviewed Work: ''Polistoria de virtutibus et dotibus Romanorum'' by Ioannis Caballini de Cerronibus |author= Daniel Williman |journal=International Journal of the Classical Tradition |year=1999 |volume=5 |pages=489–91 }}</ref>+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Cronaca Extravagans''+
-| <center>{{Hs|1334 !}}1329–39</center>+
-| [[Galvano Fiamma]]+
-| [[Milan]]+
-| Italy+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| Contains material from [[Bonvesin da la Riva|Bonvesin della Riva]]'s text<ref name=Hyde_1966 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''[[Nuova Cronica|Cronica]]'' Book XI+
-| <center>{{Hs|1338 !}}1338</center>+
-| [[Giovanni Villani]]+
-| [[Florence]]+
-| Italy+
-| Prose+
-| Italian+
-| <ref name=Hyde_1966 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Florentie Urbis et Reipublice Descriptio'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1339 !}}1339</center>+
-| +
-| [[Florence]]+
-| Italy+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| Manuscript is untitled<ref name=Hyde_1966 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Cywydd Rhosyr'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1350 !}}Mid 14th century</center>+
-| [[Dafydd ap Gwilym]]+
-| [[Newborough, Anglesey|Newborough]]+
-| Wales+
-| Poetry+
-| Welsh+
-| Date and attribution uncertain<ref name=Fulton /><ref name=Johnston_2012>{{citation |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6VCuBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA97 |chapter=Towns in Medieval Welsh Poetry |author=Dafydd Johnston |title=Urban Culture in Medieval Wales |editor=Helen Fulton|publisher=University of Wales Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0708323526 |pages=95–116 }}</ref>+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''[[Laudatio florentinae urbis]]'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1400 !}}~1400</center>+
-| [[Leonardo Bruni]]+
-| [[Florence]]+
-| Italy+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Hyde_1966 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Laudatio Urbis Romae et Constantinopolis'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1411 !}}~1411</center>+
-| [[Manuel Chrysoloras]]+
-| [[Rome]]+
-| Italy+
-| Prose+
-| Greek+
-| <ref name=Stinger />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | "O wunnikliches Paradis" +
-| <center>{{Hs|1420 !}}1414–18 or after 1430</center>+
-| [[Oswald von Wolkenstein]]+
-| [[Konstanz]]+
-| [[Holy Roman Empire]]+
-| Poetry+
-| German+
-| Von Wolkenstein also wrote poems on other cities, including [[Nuremberg]] and [[Augsberg]]<ref name=Classen_intro_2009 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Descriptio urbis Romae eiusque excellentiae'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1430 !}}~1430</center>+
-| Niccolò Signorili+
-| [[Rome]]+
-| Italy+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Stinger>{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-uQYq9uMoOsC&pg=PA72 |title=The Renaissance in Rome |author=Charles L. Stinger |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=1998 |pages=72–75 |isbn=0253334918}}</ref><ref name=McCahill>{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EQfeAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA264 |title=Reviving the Eternal City |author=Elizabeth McCahill |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2013 |pages=21, 26–33, 169–181 |isbn=978-0674726154}}</ref>+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Roma instaurata'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1446 !}}1446</center>+
-| [[Flavio Biondo]]+
-| [[Rome]]+
-| Italy+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=McCahill /><ref>{{citation|jstor=20680045 |author=Ruth Elisabeth Kritzer |title=Renaissance Rome Descriptions in Comparison |year=2010 |journal=Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance |volume=72 |issue=1 |pages=113–25 }}</ref><ref>{{citation|jstor=10.1086/669350 |author=Jeffrey A. White |title=Reviewed Work: ''Rome Restaurée: Roma Instaurata, Tome II Livres II et III'' by Flavio Biondo |year=2012 |journal=[[Renaissance Quarterly]] |volume=65 |pages=1169–70 |doi=10.1086/669350 }}</ref>+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Lobspruch auf Nürnberg'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1447 !}}1447</center>+
-| Hans Rosenplüt ([[:de:Hans Rosenplüt|de]])+
-| [[Nuremberg]]+
-| Germany+
-| Poetry+
-| German+
-| <ref name=Blamires_1990 /><ref name=Classen_2009 /><ref name=Brockmann_2006 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Ye Solace of Pilgrimes'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1450 !}}~1450</center>+
-| [[John Capgrave]]+
-| [[Rome]]+
-| Italy+
-| Prose+
-| [[Middle English]]+
-| <ref name=Benson>{{citation |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nSiyjwkh5FwC&pg=PA147 |chapter=The Dead and the Living: Some Medieval Descriptions of the Ruins and Relics of Rome Known to the English |author=C. David Benson |title=Urban Space in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age |editor=Albrecht Classen|pages=147–182 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=2009 |isbn=978-3110223897 }}</ref>+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Canmol Croesoswallt'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1450 !}}Mid 15th century</center>+
-| [[Guto'r Glyn]]+
-| [[Oswestry]]+
-| England+
-| Poetry+
-| Welsh+
-| <ref name=Fulton /><ref name=Johnston_2012 /><ref>{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=egCuWwmg1O0C&pg=PA100 |title=A Life of Guto'r Glyn |author= E. A. Rees |year=2008 |publisher=Y Lolfa |pages=100–3 |isbn=978-0862439712}}</ref>+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''I Varedydd ab Hywel ab Morus, ac i Drev Croes Oswallt'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1450 !}}Mid 15th century</center>+
-| [[Lewys Glyn Cothi]]+
-| [[Oswestry]]+
-| England+
-| Poetry+
-| Welsh+
-| <ref name=Fulton /><ref name=Johnston_2012 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | "Y ddewistref ddiestron"+
-| <center>{{Hs|1450 !}}Mid 15th century</center>+
-| [[Ieuan ap Gruffudd Leiaf]]+
-| [[Conwy]]+
-| Wales+
-| Poetry+
-| Welsh+
-| <ref name=Fulton /><ref name=Johnston_2012 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Die Bamberger Traktate'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1452 !}}1452</center>+
-| [[Albrecht von Eyb]] +
-| [[Bamberg]]+
-| Germany+
-| +
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Blamires_1990 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | "[What a splendid appearance this city presents!]" +
-| <center>{{Hs|1455 !}}Late 1450s</center>+
-| [[Enea Silvio Piccolomini]]+
-| [[Nuremberg]]+
-| Germany+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Classen_2009 /><ref name=Brockmann_2006 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Lobspruch auf Bamberg'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1459 !}}~1459</center>+
-| Hans Rosenplüt ([[:de:Hans Rosenplüt|de]])+
-| [[Bamberg]]+
-| Germany+
-| Poetry+
-| German+
-| <ref name=Blamires_1990 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Brodyr aeth i Baradwys''+
-| <center>{{Hs|1475 !}}Late 15th century</center>+
-| Ieuan ap Huw Cae Llwyd ([[:cy:Ieuan ap Huw Cae Llwyd|cy]])+
-| [[Brecon]]+
-| Wales+
-| Poetry+
-| Welsh+
-| <ref name=Fulton /><ref name=Johnston_2012 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | "Cistiau da, 'n costio dierth"+
-| <center>{{Hs|1485 !}}End of the 15th century</center>+
-| [[Tudur Aled]]+
-| [[Oswestry]]+
-| England+
-| Poetry+
-| Welsh+
-| <ref name=Fulton /><ref name=Johnston_2012 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Lobspruch auf Nürnberg'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1491 !}}~1490–92</center>+
-| Kunz Has+
-| [[Nuremberg]]+
-| Germany+
-| Poetry+
-| German+
-| <ref name=Blamires_1990 /><ref name=Classen_2009 /><ref name=Brockmann_2006 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''De origine, situ, moribus et institutis Norimbergae'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1493 !}}~1492–96</center>+
-| [[Conrad Celtes|Conrad Celtis]]+
-| [[Nuremberg]]+
-| Germany+
-| Prose+
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Blamires_1990 /><ref name=Classen_2009 /><ref name=Brockmann_2006>{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QnBVEg8t4TcC&pg=PA16 |title=Nuremberg: The Imaginary Capital |author=Stephen Brockmann |year=2006 |publisher=Camden House |pages=16–19 |isbn=1571133453 }}</ref>+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''To the City of London'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1501 !}}~1501</center>+
-| Sometimes attributed to [[William Dunbar]]+
-| [[London]]+
-| England+
-| Poetry+
-| English+
-| Or ''In Honour of the City of London''<ref name=Fulton />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Tractatus de civitate Ulmensi'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1502 !}}By 1502</center>+
-| [[Felix Fabri]]+
-| [[Ulm]]+
-| Germany+
-| +
-| Latin+
-| <ref name=Blamires_1990 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Blyth Aberdeane'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1511 !}}~1511</center>+
-| [[William Dunbar]]+
-| [[Aberdeen]]+
-| Scotland+
-| Poetry+
-| [[Middle Scots]]+
-| <ref name=Fulton />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Ein Lobspruch der statt Nürnberg'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1530 !}}~1530</center>+
-| [[Hans Sachs]]+
-| [[Nuremberg]]+
-| Germany+
-| Poetry+
-| German+
-| Sachs also wrote praise poems to [[Salzburg]] (1549), [[Munich]] (1565), [[Frankfurt]] (1568) and [[Hamburg]] (1569)<ref name=Blamires_1990 /><ref name=Classen_2009 /><ref name=Classen_intro_2009>{{citation |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nSiyjwkh5FwC&pg=PA76 |chapter=Urban Space in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age: Historical, Mental, Cultural, and Social-Economic Investigations |author=Albrecht Classen |title=Urban Space in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age |editor=Albrecht Classen|pages=75–81, 136–37 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=2009 |isbn=978-3110223897 }}</ref><ref name=Brockmann_2006 />+
-|-+
-| scope="row" | ''Ein Lobspruch der Hochloeblichen weitberuembten Khuenigklichen Stat Wienn in Osterreich'' +
-| <center>{{Hs|1547 !}}1547</center>+
-| Wolfgang Schmeltzl ([[:de:Wolfgang Schmeltzl|de]])+
-| [[Vienna]]+
-| Austria+
-| Poetry+
-| German+
-| <ref name=Blamires_1990 />+
-|-+
-|}+
==See also== ==See also==
-*[[Guide book]]+*[[List of literary descriptions of cities (before 1550)]]
-*[[Travel literature]]+
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"The Ruin" is an elegy in Old English, written by an unknown author probably in the 8th or 9th century, and published in the 10th century in the Exeter Book, a large collection of poems and riddles.

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