Erinyes
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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"ACCORDING TO Hesiod, the Furies sprang from the blood of Uranus, which fell upon the earth, when the first violence was committed, though others make them the daughters of Night and Acheron, and others of Pluto and Proserpine. In Homer they appear as avenging Goddesses, inflicting punishment on those who are guilty of perjury or the murder of relatives, of the violation of the laws of hospitality or improper conduct towards suppliants."--A Manual of Classical Mythology (1846) by Thomas Swinburne Carr |
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In Greek mythology the Erinýes (Ἐρινύες, pl. of Ἐρινύς, Erinýs; lit. "the angry ones") or Eumenídes (Εὐμενίδες, pl. of Εὐμενίς; lit. "the gracious ones") or Furies in Roman mythology were female chthonic deities of vengeance or supernatural personifications of the anger of the dead.
When the mighty Titan Cronus castrated his father Uranus and threw his genitalia into the sea, the Erinyes emerged from the drops of blood, while Aphrodite was born from the crests of seafoam. According to a variant account, they issued from an even more primordial level—from Nyx, "Night". Their number is usually left indeterminate. Virgil, probably working from an Alexandrian source, recognized three: Alecto ("unceasing", who appeared in Virgil's Aeneid), Megaera ("grudging"), and Tisiphone ("avenging murder"). Dante followed Virgil in depicting the same three-charactered triptych of Erinyes; in Canto IX of the Inferno they confront the poets at the gates of the city of Dis. The heads of the Erinyes, whom the two poets met in Canto IV, were wreathed with serpents (compare Gorgon) and their eyes dripped with blood, rendering their appearance rather horrific. Sometimes they had the wings of a bat or bird and the body of a dog.
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