Ephemeris  

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In astronomy and celestial navigation, an ephemeris (plural: ephemerides; from Latin ephemeris ("diary"), from Greek ἐφημερίς (ephēmeris, "diary, calendar")) gives the positions of naturally occurring astronomical objects as well as artificial satellites in the sky at a given time or times. Historically, positions were given as printed tables of values, given at regular intervals of date and time. Modern ephemerides are often computed electronically from mathematical models of the motion of astronomical objects and the earth. Even though the calculation of these tables was one of the first applications of mechanical computers, printed ephemerides are still produced, as they are useful when computational devices are not available.

The astronomical position calculated from an ephemeris is given in the spherical polar coordinate system of right ascension and declination. Some of the astronomical phenomena of interest to astronomers are eclipses, apparent retrograde motion/planetary stations, planetary ingresses, sidereal time, positions for the mean and true nodes of the moon, the phases of the Moon, and the position(s) of Chiron and other minor celestial bodies.

Ephemerides are used in celestial navigation, astronomy and astrology. Astrologers typically have different needs than astronomers, for example, the calculation of astrological aspects, and may produce ephemerides specialized to their own field.


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