Emotion in animals
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| - | '''Ethology''' (''from Greek: ήθος, ''ethos'', "custom"; and λόγος, ''logos'', "knowledge"'') is the scientific study of [[animal]] [[behavior]], and a branch of [[zoology]]. | + | There is no [[scientific consensus]] on '''emotion in animals''', that is, what emotions certain species of [[animal]]s feel. The debate concerns primarily [[mammals]] and [[birds]], although emotions have also been postulated for other [[vertebrate]]s and even for some [[invertebrates]]. |
| - | ==See also== | + | Animal lovers, [[science|scientists]], [[philosophy|philosophers]], and others who interact with animals, have suggested answers but the core question has proven difficult to answer since animals cannot speak of their experience. Society recognizes animals can feel pain as is demonstrated by the criminalization of [[animal cruelty]]. Animal expressions of apparent pleasure are ambiguous as to whether this is emotion, or simply innate responses, perhaps for approval or other hard-wired cues. The ambiguity is a source of controversy as there is no certainty which views, if any, reflect reality. That said, extreme [[Behaviourism|behaviourists]] would say that human "feeling" is also merely a hard-wired response to external stimuli. |
| - | *[[Altruism in animals]] | + | |
| - | *[[Animal cognition]] | + | In recent years, research has become available which expands prior understandings of [[animal communication|animal language]], [[animal cognition|cognition]] and [[Tool use by animals|tool use]], and even [[animal sexuality|sexuality]]. Emotions arise in the [[mammalian brain]], or the [[limbic system]], which [[human being]]s share in common with other mammals as well as many other species. |
| - | *[[Animal communication]] | + | |
| - | *[[Animal ethics]] | + | |
| - | *[[Anthrozoology]] | + | |
| - | *[[Behavioral ecology]] | + | == See also == |
| - | *[[Cognitive ethology]] | + | * [[Animal cognition]] |
| - | *[[Emotion in animals]] | + | * [[Animal communication]] |
| - | *[[Ethnic nepotism]] | + | * [[Monkey painting]] |
| - | *[[Etoecology]] | + | * [[Altruism in animals]] |
| - | *[[List of publications in biology#Ethology .26 behaviour|Important publications in ethology]] | + | * [[Thomas Nagel]] (seminal paper, "What is it like to be a bat?") |
| - | *[[Intrinsic value (animal ethics)]] | + | * [[Neuroethology]] |
| - | *[[Non-human animal sexuality]] | + | |
| - | *[[Phylogenetic comparative methods]] | + | |
| - | *[[Sleep (non-human)]] | + | |
| - | *[[Sociophysiology]] | + | |
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There is no scientific consensus on emotion in animals, that is, what emotions certain species of animals feel. The debate concerns primarily mammals and birds, although emotions have also been postulated for other vertebrates and even for some invertebrates.
Animal lovers, scientists, philosophers, and others who interact with animals, have suggested answers but the core question has proven difficult to answer since animals cannot speak of their experience. Society recognizes animals can feel pain as is demonstrated by the criminalization of animal cruelty. Animal expressions of apparent pleasure are ambiguous as to whether this is emotion, or simply innate responses, perhaps for approval or other hard-wired cues. The ambiguity is a source of controversy as there is no certainty which views, if any, reflect reality. That said, extreme behaviourists would say that human "feeling" is also merely a hard-wired response to external stimuli.
In recent years, research has become available which expands prior understandings of animal language, cognition and tool use, and even sexuality. Emotions arise in the mammalian brain, or the limbic system, which human beings share in common with other mammals as well as many other species.
See also
- Animal cognition
- Animal communication
- Monkey painting
- Altruism in animals
- Thomas Nagel (seminal paper, "What is it like to be a bat?")
- Neuroethology
