Exploitation
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | "[[Immanuel Wallerstein ]] characterised the [[World-systems theory |world system]] as a set of mechanisms, which redistributes [[surplus value]] from the ''[[Core–periphery structure|periphery]]'' to the ''[[core countries|core]]''. In his terminology, the ''core'' is the developed, [[Industrialisation |industrialized]] part of the world, and the ''periphery'' is the "[[Underdevelopment|underdeveloped]]", typically [[raw material]]s-exporting, poor part of the world; the ''[[market]]'' being the means by which the ''core'' [[exploitation|exploit]]s the ''periphery''." --Sholem Stein | ||
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| + | "To talk of [[Intrinsic and extrinsic properties|intrinsic]] right and intrinsic wrong is absolutely nonsensical; intrinsically, an injury, an oppression, an exploitation, an annihilation can be nothing wrong, inasmuch as life is ''essentially'' (that is, in its cardinal functions) something which functions by [[injury|injuring]], [[oppression|oppressing]], [[exploitation|exploiting]], and [[annihilation|annihilating]], and is absolutely inconceivable without such a character." ''[[On the Genealogy of Morality]]'', tr. Horace B. Samuel | ||
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| + | "To be [[government|GOVERNED]] is to be watched, inspected, spied upon, directed, law-driven, numbered, regulated, enrolled, indoctrinated, preached at, controlled, checked, estimated, valued, censured, commanded, by creatures who have neither the right nor the wisdom nor the virtue to do so. To be GOVERNED is to be at every operation, at every transaction noted, registered, counted, taxed, stamped, measured, numbered, assessed, licensed, authorized, admonished, prevented, forbidden, reformed, corrected, punished. It is, under pretext of public utility, and in the name of the general interest, to be place[d] under contribution, drilled, fleeced, [[exploitation|exploited]], monopolized, extorted from, squeezed, hoaxed, robbed; then, at the slightest resistance, the first word of complaint, to be repressed, fined, vilified, harassed, hunted down, abused, clubbed, disarmed, bound, choked, imprisoned, judged, condemned, shot, deported, sacrificed, sold, betrayed; and to crown all, mocked, ridiculed, derided, outraged, dishonored. That is government; that is its justice; that is its morality." --Pierre-Joseph Proudhon | ||
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| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | The term ''[[exploitation]]'' has two distinct meanings, one which is neutral and another which is pejorative. The neutral usage is restricted to "the act of utilizing something for any purpose. In this case, exploit is a synonym for ''use'': e.g. the author has the right to exploit his copyrights in the way he chooses." The pejorative usage is defined as "the act of utilizing something in an [[justice|unjust]], [[cruel]] or [[selfish]] manner for one's own advantage. | + | The term ''[[exploitation]]'' has two distinct meanings, one which is neutral and another which is pejorative. |
| + | The neutral usage is restricted to "the act of utilizing something for any purpose. In this case, exploit is a synonym for ''use'': e.g. the author has the right to exploit his copyrights in the way he chooses." | ||
| - | == Parent categories == | + | The pejorative usage is defined as "the act of utilizing something in an [[justice|unjust]], [[cruel]] or [[selfish]] manner for one's own advantage. |
| - | : fiction - low culture | + | ==Exploitation== |
| + | from Latin ''explicō'' (“unfold, deploy”). From ''ex-'' + ''plicō'' (“I [[fold]]”), related to [[explicit]], [[implicit]]. | ||
| - | + | ==See also== | |
| - | == By medium == | + | *[[Artsploitation]] |
| - | : exploitation (economics) - exploitation film - pulp fiction | + | *[[Exploitation fiction]] |
| + | *[[Exploitation film]] | ||
| + | == Forms of human exploitation == | ||
| + | *[[Exploitation of natural resources]] | ||
| + | *[[Exploitation of labour]] | ||
| + | **[[Forced labour]] | ||
| + | *[[Exploitation colonialism]] | ||
| + | *[[Slavery]] | ||
| + | **[[Sexual slavery]] and other forms | ||
| + | *[[Oppression]] | ||
| + | *[[Psychological manipulation]] | ||
| + | *[[Child labor]] | ||
| + | *[[Forced labour]] | ||
| + | *[[Human trafficking]] | ||
| + | *[[Debt bondage]] | ||
| + | *[[Forced prostitution]] | ||
| + | *[[Corporate abuse]] | ||
| + | *[[Cruelty to animals]] | ||
| + | *[[Indentured servant]] | ||
| + | *[[Sharecropping]] | ||
| + | *[[Sweatshop]] | ||
| + | *[[Wage slavery]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | == Main themes == | ||
| - | : sex - drugs - violence | ||
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| - | == By region == | ||
| - | : American exploitation - British exploitation - European exploitation - French exploitation - German exploitation - Italian exploitation - Japanese exploitation | ||
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| - | == Related == | ||
| - | [[blaxploitation]], [[artsploitation]], [[b-movie]], [[cautionary tale]], [[comics]], [[cult films]], [["dime novels" and "penny dreadfuls"]], [[escapist fiction]], [[erotic horror]], [[fantasy]], [[fantastique]], [[giallo]], [[gore]], [[gothic]], [[grindhouse]], [[horror]], [[mondo films]], [[Nazi exploitation]], [[nunsploitation]], [[pornography]], [[prostitution]], [[pulp]], [[sensationalism]], [[sexploitation]], [[shock]], [[slasher]], [[snuff film]], [[trash]], [[video nasty]], [[violence]], [[white slavery]], [[women in prison]], [[working class culture]] | ||
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| - | == Introduction == | ||
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| - | These pages deal with fiction. Fiction that deals with our most basic instincts, desires and fears: exploitation fiction or exploitative fiction. While the term was initally coined in the 1950s to describe 1930s and 1940s (the classical era of American exploitation film, see early exploitation), the practice of exploitative fiction is as old as fiction itself. From grub street hack writing to dime novels, from pulp ficton to paperbacks, from white slavery films to blaxploitation, from Grand Guignol to slasher films, you will find all of it on the pages that follow. | ||
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| - | The term exploitation has positive and negative connotations but the term exploitative has almost always a negative connotation as is evidenced in this quote: | ||
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| - | Opponents of the sex industry argue that it is exploitative (particularly of young women), that it is morally damaging to society, and that cheapens sex and encourages sexual objectification of women. | ||
| - | |||
| - | == Sensationalism == | ||
| - | [[Sensationalism]] is a manner of being extremely controversial, loud, attention-grabbing, or otherwise sensationalistic. | ||
| - | |||
| - | The term is commonly used in reference to the media. Critics of media bias of all political stripes often charge the media with engaging in sensationalism in their reporting and conduct. That is to say they charge that the media often chooses to report on shocking or attention-grabbing stories, rather than relevant or important ones. | ||
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| - | == Exploitation films == | ||
| - | |||
| - | Exploitation cinema has three main themes: sex, drugs and violence. Erotic horror is a subgenre of exploitation/horror. | ||
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| - | These movies - from 1930s cautionary tales about venereal diseases to 1970s porno chic — were initially shown by itinerant carnival people, later in so-called grindhouse theaters and drive-in theatres — until their death-by-video in the 1980s. | ||
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| - | The academic interest in this genre of films began in the 1990s, where it is a subgenre of paracinema. | ||
| - | |||
| - | See main articles: early exploitation films and exploitation film [Feb 2006] | ||
| - | ==See also== | ||
| - | *[[Exploitation culture]] | ||
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Current revision
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"Immanuel Wallerstein characterised the world system as a set of mechanisms, which redistributes surplus value from the periphery to the core. In his terminology, the core is the developed, industrialized part of the world, and the periphery is the "underdeveloped", typically raw materials-exporting, poor part of the world; the market being the means by which the core exploits the periphery." --Sholem Stein "To talk of intrinsic right and intrinsic wrong is absolutely nonsensical; intrinsically, an injury, an oppression, an exploitation, an annihilation can be nothing wrong, inasmuch as life is essentially (that is, in its cardinal functions) something which functions by injuring, oppressing, exploiting, and annihilating, and is absolutely inconceivable without such a character." On the Genealogy of Morality, tr. Horace B. Samuel "To be GOVERNED is to be watched, inspected, spied upon, directed, law-driven, numbered, regulated, enrolled, indoctrinated, preached at, controlled, checked, estimated, valued, censured, commanded, by creatures who have neither the right nor the wisdom nor the virtue to do so. To be GOVERNED is to be at every operation, at every transaction noted, registered, counted, taxed, stamped, measured, numbered, assessed, licensed, authorized, admonished, prevented, forbidden, reformed, corrected, punished. It is, under pretext of public utility, and in the name of the general interest, to be place[d] under contribution, drilled, fleeced, exploited, monopolized, extorted from, squeezed, hoaxed, robbed; then, at the slightest resistance, the first word of complaint, to be repressed, fined, vilified, harassed, hunted down, abused, clubbed, disarmed, bound, choked, imprisoned, judged, condemned, shot, deported, sacrificed, sold, betrayed; and to crown all, mocked, ridiculed, derided, outraged, dishonored. That is government; that is its justice; that is its morality." --Pierre-Joseph Proudhon |
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The term exploitation has two distinct meanings, one which is neutral and another which is pejorative.
The neutral usage is restricted to "the act of utilizing something for any purpose. In this case, exploit is a synonym for use: e.g. the author has the right to exploit his copyrights in the way he chooses."
The pejorative usage is defined as "the act of utilizing something in an unjust, cruel or selfish manner for one's own advantage.
Exploitation
from Latin explicō (“unfold, deploy”). From ex- + plicō (“I fold”), related to explicit, implicit.
See also
Forms of human exploitation
- Exploitation of natural resources
- Exploitation of labour
- Exploitation colonialism
- Slavery
- Sexual slavery and other forms
- Oppression
- Psychological manipulation
- Child labor
- Forced labour
- Human trafficking
- Debt bondage
- Forced prostitution
- Corporate abuse
- Cruelty to animals
- Indentured servant
- Sharecropping
- Sweatshop
- Wage slavery
