Dutch East Indies
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| - | The '''First voyage of James Cook''' was a combined [[Royal Navy]] and [[Royal Society]] expedition to the south Pacific ocean aboard [[HMS Endeavour|HMS ''Endeavour'']], from 1768 to 1771. The aims of the expedition were to observe the 1769 [[transit of Venus]] across the Sun, and to seek evidence of the postulated ''[[Terra Australis Incognita]]'' or "unknown southern land." | + | The '''Dutch East Indies''', or '''Netherlands East Indies''', ({{lang-nl|Nederlands-Indië}}; {{lang-id|Hindia-Belanda}}) was the [[Dutch colony]] that became modern [[Indonesia]] following [[World War II]]. |
| - | + | It was formed from the nationalised [[colony|colonies]] of the former [[Dutch East India Company]] that came under the administration of the [[Netherlands]] in 1800. During the nineteenth century, Dutch possessions in the archipelago and its hegemony were expanded, reaching their greatest extent in the early twentieth century. Following the World War II [[Japanese occupation of Indonesia|Japanese occupation]], Indonesian nationalists declared [[Indonesian independence]] in 1945. Thereafter and as a consequence of the subsequent [[Indonesian National Revolution]], the Netherlands formally recognised Indonesian sovereignty in December 1949. | |
| - | The voyage was commissioned by [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]] and commanded by Lieutenant [[James Cook]], a junior naval officer with skills in [[cartography]] and mathematics. Departing [[Plymouth]] in August 1768, the expedition crossed the Atlantic, rounded [[Cape Horn]] and reached [[Tahiti]] in time to observe the transit of Venus. Cook then set sail into the largely uncharted ocean to the south, stopping at the Pacific islands of [[Huahine]], [[Borabora]] and [[Raiatea]] to claim them for Great Britain, and unsuccessfully attempting to land at [[Rurutu (Austral Islands)|Rurutu]]. In September 1769, the expedition reached New Zealand, the first to do so since [[Abel Tasman]] 127 years earlier. Cook and his crew spent the following six months charting the New Zealand coast, before resuming their voyage westward across open sea. In April 1770, they became the first Europeans to reach the east coast of Australia, making landfall on the shore of what is now known as [[Botany Bay]]. | + | |
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| - | The expedition continued northward along the Australian coastline, narrowly avoiding shipwreck on the [[Great Barrier Reef]]. In October 1770, a badly damaged ''Endeavour'' limped into port in [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] in the [[Dutch East Indies]], her crew sworn to secrecy about the lands they had discovered. They resumed their journey on 26 December, rounded the [[Cape of Good Hope]] on 13 March 1771, and reached the English port of [[Deal, Kent|Deal]] on 12 July, having been at sea for nearly three years. | + | |
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The Dutch East Indies, or Netherlands East Indies, (Template:Lang-nl; Template:Lang-id) was the Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia following World War II. It was formed from the nationalised colonies of the former Dutch East India Company that came under the administration of the Netherlands in 1800. During the nineteenth century, Dutch possessions in the archipelago and its hegemony were expanded, reaching their greatest extent in the early twentieth century. Following the World War II Japanese occupation, Indonesian nationalists declared Indonesian independence in 1945. Thereafter and as a consequence of the subsequent Indonesian National Revolution, the Netherlands formally recognised Indonesian sovereignty in December 1949.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Dutch East Indies" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
