Decadence and the Making of Modernism
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
"While Joyce, Gide, Flaubert, Huysmans are well known, Weir thankfully doesn't assume more than a passing acquaintance with his examples of decadence in decay--Octave Mirbeau's Le Jardin des supplices, Ben Hecht's Fantazius Mallare and James Huneker's Painted Veils." --Publisher's Weekly review Fantazius Mallare: A Mysterious Oath (1922) and its sequel, The Kingdom of Evil (1924), are Hecht's main contributions to the bibliography of decadent literature. The first novel was written as a deliberate challenge to such organizations as Boston's Watch and Ward Society (which had banned Hecht's first novel, Gargoyles) and New York's Society for the Suppression of Vice, headed by John Sumner, who succeeded in suppressing books by Sherwood Anderson, Aldous Huxley, and John Dos Passos, as well as the work of Hecht's friend, the poet Maxwell Bodenheim."--Decadence and the Making of Modernism (1995) by David Weir "The newspapers and magazines where Hollywood's future screenwriters worked were often saturated with the belated, cosmopolitan decadence that James Huneker introduced to America. The genealogy of decadence we are tracing here runs from literary Europe in the 1890s to journalistic America in the 1920s to the Hollywood of the 1930s. This cultural transaction (Huysmans to Huneker to Hecht to Hollywood) is instanced by The Scoundrel, a film staring Noel Coward that Hecht wrote and directed in 1935."--Decadence and the Making of Modernism (1995) by David Weir |
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Decadence and the Making of Modernism (1996) is a book by David Weir
From the publisher:
- ""Decadence" has often been viewed as an ephemeral artistic vogue of late 19th- and early 20th-century Europe. This study makes the case for decadence as a literary movement in its own right, based on a set of aesthetic principles that formed a transitional link between romanticism and modernism."
See also
Index (from a to z)
Index
A
"Abel et Caïn" (Baudelaire), 165
Ackroyd, Peter, 199
Adam, Paul, 155
Aesthetic interference, 13-15, 17, 24, 37, 41-42, 58, 79
Aestheticism, xviii, 52-54, 60-61, 65-68, 70-71, 104, 109-10, 124-
26
Aldington, Richard, 111, 177
Anarchism, 155, 166-67
Anatomy of Melancholy (Burton), 94
Anderson, Margaret, 175, 176-77, 200;
Little Review, 176-78
Anderson, Sherwood, 176, 180
Apollinaire, Guillaume, xv
Apter, Emily, 192
Apuleius, 71, 76, 91
A Rebours (Huysmans), xvi, xviii, 15, 17, 44, 47, 68, 82-97, 98,
103, 104, 110, 114, 118, 119, 146, 154, 156, 161, 199
Armstrong, Marie (Mrs. Ben Hecht), 188, 189
Arnold, Matthew, 76, 78
"Art, L'" (Gautier), 35
Art pourl'art, l', 33-34, 35, 64
Auerbach, Erich, 39, 52, 57
"Au Lecteur" (Baudelaire), 131
Avant-gardism, 5-6, 100-101, 121, 203
B
Baju, Anatole, 7, 48, 98-101, 155, 166, 200;
Décadent, Le, 48, 98-101
Bakhtin, Mikhail, 94
Balzac, Honoré de, 14, 38, 42, 63, 85
Banville, Théodore de, 46
Barbarism, 12-13, 28, 49, 101, 157-58, 178, 200
Barbey d'Aurevilly, Jules Amédée, 62, 84-85, 90, 182
Barnes, Djuna, 149;
Nightwood, 149
Barnes, Julian, 199;
Flaubert's Parrot, 199
Barrès, Maurice, 166
Baudelaire, Charles, xi-xiv, xv, 9, 12, 20, 59, 62, 77, 81, 83, 85-87,
88, 97, 98, 114, 115, 131, 160, 162, 165, 171, 172, 173, 176, 178,
185-86, 201;
"Abel et Caïn," 165;
"Au Lecteur," 131;
"Charogne, Une," xi-xiv, 185;
"Femmes Damnées," xiv, 176;
"Lesbos," xiv;
"Litanies du Satan, Les," 165;
Paradis artificiels, Les, 62;
"Spleen IV," 162
Baumgarten, Alexander Gottlieb, 66
Beardsley, Aubrey, 166, 180
Beckett, Samuel, 96
Bedouins (Huneker), 166, 174
Beebe, Maurice, 61, 62
Beerbohm, Max, 151-53;
Happy Hypocrite, The, 151-53
Behrman, S. N., 152
Belatedness, 5, 28, 78, 203
Belle époque, xv
Birth of Tragedy, The (Nietzsche), 135
Blake, William, 69
Bloom, Harold, 66, 67, 68, 73, 76
Bodenheim, Maxwell, 180
Bohemianism, xv, 165, 170
Borges, Jorge Luis, 96
Bourdieu, Pierre, 154, 201, 202
Boutget, Paul, 5, 31, 45, 48, 63, 82, 88, 89, 97, 98, 100, 136, 146,
149, 164, 167, 199
Bouvard et Pecuchet (Flaubert), 94, 199
Brandes, Georg, 164, 175
Brombert, Victor, 35, 36, 87
Brummel, George Bryan (Beau), 62
Bruno, Giordano, 80
Burke, Kenneth, 175
Burton, Robert, 94;
Anatomy of Melancholy, 94
Page 228
Byatt, A. S., 199
Byron, Lord, xvii, 111, 131-32, 165;
Cain, 131, 165;
Manfred, 111, 165
C
Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, The (Wiene), 184-85
Cahiers d'André Walter, Les (Gide), 139-40
Cain (Byron), 131, 165
Calinescu, Matei, 5-6, 11, 89, 99, 136, 195
Camp, Maxime de, 28, 34
Caramaschi, Enzo, 55-56
Carlyle, Thomas, 78
Carter, A. E., 4, 5, 46-47, 91
Case of Wagner, The (Nietzsche), 134, 135-36
Caylor, Rose (Mrs. Ben Hecht), 188
Céline, Louis-Ferdinand, 91, 121, 149-50;
Voyage au bout de la nuit, 149-50
Chants de Maldoror, Les (Lautréamont), 111, 165
Chaplin, Charlie, 185
Charles Demailly (Goncourt), 48
"Charogne, Une," xi-xiv, 185
Chateaubriand, François René, vicomte de, xii, 4, 42, 64;
Génie du Christianisme, 64
Child of the Century, A (Hecht), 175
Citizen Kane (Welles), 190-91
Coeur simple, Une (Flaubert), 199
Colet, Louise, 33
Confessions of an English Opium Eater (De Quincey), 62
Confessions of a Young Man (Moore), xviii, 102, 113-18, 121,
129-32, 133, 166
Couture, Thomas, 27;
Romains de la décadence, Les, 27
Coward, Noel, 189
"Critic as Artist, The" (Wilde), 69
D
Daiches, David, 128
Dandyism, xviii, 61-62
D'Annunzio, Gabriele, xviii, 13, 102, 103-9, 118, 119, 121, 172,
175;
Piacere, Il, 102, 103-9, 119, 172
Darwin, Charles, xii-xiii, 44;
Origin of Species, xii, 44
Darwinism, xii-xiii, 44
Décadent, Le (Baju, ed.), 48, 98-101
Decadentismo, 9
Decadent style. See Style de décadence, le
Décadisme, xviii, 6-7, 82-83, 97-101, 133
"Decay of Lying, The" (Wilde), 69
Deconstruction, 198-99
Degeneration, 30-31, 46-50, 55, 140-41
Degradation, 108-9, 111-13, 131, 140, 179
Dehumanization, 15-16
Delacroix, Eugène, 3
Delay, Jean, 138
De Profundis (Wilde), 112
De Quincey, Thomas, 62-63;
Confessions of an English Opium Eater, 62
Derrida, Jacques, 196, 198
Devil is a Woman, The (von Sternberg), 190
Diabolism, xv-xvi, 111, 165, 173-74, 178, 183, 186
Dick, Susan, 118
Dickens, Charles, 14, 38
Dictionnaire des idées reçues, Le (Flaubert), 20
Dietrich, Marlene, 190
Disraeli, Benjamin, 111;
Vivian Grey, 111
Donato, Eugenio, 29
Dos Passos, John, 180
Dostoevsky, Fyodor Mikhaylovich, 9, 87, 179;
House of the Dead, The, 179
Douglas, Lord Alfred, 111
Dowson, Ernest, 60, 65
Dreyfus affair, 156, 157, 163
du Bellay, Joachim, 80
Dujardin, Edouard, 89, 113, 114, 116-17, 118;
Lauriers sont coupés, Les, 116-17, 118
Du Maurier, George, 65
Duval, Jeanne, 201
E
Ecce Homo (Nietzsche), 134
Egoists: A Book of Supermen (Huneker), 164
Eliot, T. S., 17, 121, 164, 175, 176, 199;
Waste Land, The, 176
Ellmann, Richard, 121
Ennui, 99, 178
Eric Dorn (Hecht), 186, 188, 189
Exiles (Joyce), 121
Expressionism, 184-85
F
Fantazius Mallare: A Mysterious Oath (Hecht), 179-82, 189
Faute de l'Abbé Mouret, La (Zola), 45
Feminism, 18-19, 170, 171-72, 173
"Femmes Damnées" (Baudelaire), xiv, 176
Ferron, Henri de, 44
Fiedler, Leslie, 197
Fin de siècle, xv-xvi, 101-2, 104, 192-94
Finnegans Wake (Joyce), 198
Flaubert, Gustave, xv, xvii-xviii, 14, 15, 18-19, 20, 21, 22-42, 43,
63, 81, 83, 87, 94, 97, 118, 119, 146, 158, 162, 166, 170, 175, 186,
195, 199;
Bouvard et Pecuchet, 94, 199;
Coeursimple, Une, 199;
Dictionnaire des idlés re-
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çues, Le, 20;
Madame Bovary, 22, 39;
Salammbô, xviii, 14, 15, 21, 22-42, 43, 59, 87, 119, 146, 162,
175, 191
Flaubert's Parrot (J. Barnes), 199
Foster, George Burman, 177-78
Fowlie, Wallace, 138
Fragonard, Jean-Honoré, 58
Franco-Prussian War, 3, 44
Frank, Joseph, 96
Freud, Sigmund, 163
Frye, Northrop, 94
G
Garden, Mary, 166, 173
Gargoyles (Hecht), 180, 186-88, 189
Gaston de Latour (Pater), 79-81
Gautier, Théophile, 4, 12, 25, 34, 35, 59, 63, 64, 76-77, 88-89, 98,
201;
"Art, L'," 35;
Mademoiselle de Maupin, 34, 98
Génie du Christianisme (Chateaubriand), 64
Germinal (Zola), 53
Germinie Lacerteux (Goncourt), xviii, 14, 15, 43, 47, 50-58, 59,
64, 119
Gide, André, xvii, xviii, 102, 120-21, 133, 138, 139-50, 141, 160,
176, 177;
Cahiers d'André Walter, Les, 139-40;
Immoraliste, L', xviii, 102, 138, 139-50, 160, 177, 178;
Journal, 140;
Nourritures terrestres, Les, 140, 141
Ginsberg, Allen, 180
Gionola, Elio, 9
Gobineau, Compte de, 27
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, xvii, 138
Goldberg, Rube, 185
Goldberg, S. L., 125
Goldman, Emma, 200
Goncourt, Jules and Edmond de, xv, xviii, 14, 15, 18, 20, 33, 43-
58, 59, 84, 119, 140-41, 170, 178;
Charles Demailly, 48;
Germinie Lacerteux, xviii, 14, 15, 43, 47, 50-58, 59, 84, 119;
Journal, 46, 50, 52, 55;
Madame Gervaisais, 48;
Manette Salomon, 48
Gourmont, Remy de, 7, 164, 170, 175, 177
Goya, Francisco, 55, 190
Grosz, Georg, 184
H
Habermas, Jürgen, 196, 197
Halpern, Joseph, 94, 95
Happy Hypocrite, The (Beerbohm), 151-53
Hartman, Eduard von, 45
Hartman, Geoffrey, xvii, 17
Hassan, Ihab, 197
Haussmann, Baron Georges-Eugène, 27
Hecht, Ben, xvi, 166, 175-91;
Child of the Century, A, 175;
Eric Dorn, 186, 188, 189;
Fantazius Mallare: A Mysterious Oath, 179-82, 189;
Gargoyles, 180, 186-88, 189;
Kingdom of Evil: A Continuation of the Journal of Fantazius
Mallare, The, 180, 182-84
Heraclitus, 69
Heredia, José Maria de, 46
Hermaphroditism, 104-5, 162
Hervieu, Paul, 46
Histoire de la littérature anglaise (Taine), 44
Hitchcock, Alfred, 189
Hoffmann, Ernst Theodor Amadeus, 111
Homosexuality, xiv, 98, 111-12, 142-44, 170
Hough, Graham, 60, 67, 102
House of the Dead, The (Dostoevsky), 179
Houssaye, Arsène, 28
Howe, Irving, 196
Hugo, Victor, 14, 20, 34, 63, 64;
Orientales, Les, 34
Huneker, James Gibbons, xvi, 163-75, 176, 178, 179, 185, 186,
189, 190;
Bedouins, 166, 174;
Egoists: A Book of Supermen, 164;
Iconoclasts: A Book of Dramatists, 164;
Melomaniacs, 170;
Overtones, 166;
Painted Veils, 163, 165, 167-75, 176
Huxley, Aldous, 180
Huysmans, Joris-Karl, xvi, xviii, 14, 15, 17, 44, 46, 47, 68, 82-97,
98, 100, 101, 103, 104, 110, 114, 118, 119, 121, 146, 154, 156, 161,
165, 166, 168, 170, 175, 176, 178, 180, 185, 186, 199, 200;
A Rebours, xvi, xviii, 15, 17, 44, 47, 68, 82-97, 98, 103, 104,
110, 114, 118, 119, 146, 154, 156, 161, 199;
Là-Bas, xvi, 165, 186;
Marthe, 46;
Soeurs Vatard, Les, 46
Huyssen, Andreas, 18-19, 194
I
Ibsen, Henrik, 121, 164, 170, 171
Iconoclasts: A Book of Dramatists (Huneker), 164
Igitur (Mallarmé), 87
Immoraliste, L'(Gide), xviii, 102, 138, 139-50, 160, 177, 178
Impressionism, 23, 54-56
Ivanov, Vyacheslav, 5
J
Jardin des supplices, Le (Mirbeau), 154-63, 187
Jarrell, Randall, 196
Jarry, Alfred, xv
Jean Paul (Johann Paul Friedrich Richter), 111
Johnson, Lionel, 60
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Johnson, Samuel, 68-69
Jourdain, Frantz, 46
Journal (Gide), 140
Journal (Goncourt), 46, 50, 52, 55
Joyce, James, xvii, xviii, 16, 17, 43, 60, 89, 96, 102, 118, 120,
121-23, 139, 149, 176, 198, 202;
Exiles, 121;
Finnegans Wake, 198;
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, A, xviii, 102, 120, 121,
122-33, 139, 149;
Stephen Hero, 124-26;
Ulysses, 96, 176
Juvenal, 27
K
Kael, Pauline, 175, 189
Kafka, Franz, 19
Kaufmann, Walter, 138
Keats, John, 78
Kenner, Hugh, 125, 127
Kingdom of Evil: A Continuation of the Journal of Fantazius
Mallare, The (Hecht), 180, 182-84
Kock, Charles-Paul de, 87
Kundera, Milan, 188
L
Là-Bas (Huysmans), xvi, 165, 186
La Fontaine et ses fables (Taine), 44
Laforgue, Jules, 46
Lamartine, Alphonse de, 4
Landor, Walter Savage, 78
"Langeur" (Verlaine), 25, 97, 98-99, 157, 179
Lauriers sont coupés, Les (Dujardin), 116-17, 118
Lautréamont, Compte de (Isidore Ducasse), 111, 165, 185;
Chants de Maldoror, Les, 111, 165
Leconte de Lisle, Charles-Marie, 34;
Poëmes et poésies, 34
Leopold and Loeb, 189
Leroy, Louis, 23
"Lesbos" (Baudelaire), xiv
Levin, Harry, 22, 38, 197
Lewis, Wyndham, 199
"Litanies du Satan, Les" (Baudelaire), 165
Little Review (Anderson, ed.), 176-78
Livi, François, 83, 90
Lodge, David, 199
Lombroso, Cesare, 171
Loti, Pierre, 166
Louÿs, Pierre, 190
Lowell, Robert, 196
Lucretius, 67
Lukács, Georg, 22, 38-39, 40
Lyotard, Jean-François, 196
M
McTeague (Norris), 107
Madame Bovary (Flaubert), 22, 39
Madame Gervaisais (Goncourt), 48
Mademoiselle de Maupin (Gautier), 34, 98
Maeterlinck, Maurice, 164
Mallarmé, Stéphane, xv, 7, 8, 46, 83, 87, 89-90, 114, 116, 133,
139, 140, 175, 177;
Igitur, 87
Manette Salomon (Goncourt), 48
Manfred (Byron), 111, 165
Mangan, James Clarence, 121
Mankiewicz, Herman J., 190
Mann, Thomas, xvii, 38, 102
Marius the Epicurean: His Sensations and Ideas (Pater), xviii,
14, 15, 21, 59, 68, 71-79, 91, 115, 122-26
Marthe (Huysmans), 46
Maturin, Charles Robert, 111;
Melmoth the Wanderer, 111
Maupassant, Guy de, 166
Melmoth the Wanderer (Maturin), 111
Melomaniacs (Huneker), 170
Mencken, H. L., 164, 175, 190
Michaud, Guy, 8
Mickelson, David, 96
Milton, John, 165;
Paradise Lost, 165
Mirbeau, Octave, 4, 154-63, 166, 187, 190;
Jardin des supplices, Le, 154-63, 187
Misogyny, xiv, 18-20, 57, 158, 174-75, 188
Modernism, xvii, xviii-xix, 6, 9, 16, 41-42, 69-70, 78, 95-97, 101-
2, 111, 113, 120-21, 132-33, 137-38, 148-50, 164, 170, 175-78,
198-203
Modernismo, 198
Moers, Ellen, 62
Monet, Claude, 23
Monroe, Harriet, 176
Montaigne, Michel de, 80
Moore, George, xviii, 60, 76, 82, 89, 102, 113-18, 120, 121, 124,
129-32, 133, 166, 171;
Confessions of a Young Man, xviii, 102, 113-18, 121, 129-32,
133, 166
Moreau, Gustave, 3, 104
Moreau de Tours, Dr. Joseph, 47
Multiculturalism, 194-95, 200-202
Musset, Alfred de, 4
N
Naturalism, xviii, 43-46, 50-52, 176
Nettement, Alfred, 38
Neurasthenia, 47-49, 53, 194
Nightwood (D. Barnes), 149
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, xviii, 1, 15, 89, 133-39, 146, 161,
164, 167, 170, 175, 176, 178,
Page 231
185, 195;
Birth of Tragedy, The, 135;
Case of Wagner, The, 134, 135-36;
Ecce Homo, 134
Nisard, Désiré, 88, 89, 91
Nordau, Max, 55
Norris, Frank, 107;
McTeague, 107
Nourritures terrestres, Les (Gide), 140, 141
O
Onís, Federico de, 198
Orientales, Les (Hugo), 34
Origin of Species (Darwin), xii, 44
Ortega y Gasset, José, 13, 15-16
Overtones (Huneker), 166
P
Paglia, Camille, 1-2, 19
Painted Veils (Huneker), 163, 165, 167-75, 176
Paradis artificiels, Les (Baudelaire), 62
Paradise Lost (Milton), 165
Parnassianism, 33-36
Parody, 152-54
Pateman, Carole, 19
Pater, Walter, xviii, 14, 15, 21, 59-60, 63-65, 66-81, 82, 91, 93,
101, 115, 118, 120, 121, 122-26, 127, 128, 167, 186;
Gaston de Latour, 79-81;
Marius the Epicurean: His Sensations and Ideas, xviii, 14, 15,
21, 59, 68, 71-79, 91, 115, 122-26;
Renaissance, The, 66, 67, 75, 76, 77;
"Romanticism," 63-64;
"Style," 63
Péladan, Joséphin, 90, 105;
Vice suprême, Le, 90
Pessimism, xii-xiii, 2-3, 44-45, 84-85
Petronius, 86, 96, 176
Phaedrus (Plato), 147
Piacere, Il (D'Annunzio), 102, 103-9, 119, 172
Picture of Dorian Gray, The (Wilde), xviii, 67, 68, 69, 102, 109-
13, 119, 152, 187
Pierrot, Jean, 7-8, 9, 14, 61, 62, 63, 84, 155
Plato, 147;
Phaedrus, 147
Poe, Edgar Allan, 87, 111, 185;
"William Wilson," 111
Poëmes et poésies (Leconte de Lisle), 34
Poggioli, Renato, 6, 7, 10, 12-13, 14, 28, 100-101, 194
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, A (Joyce), xviii, 102, 120,
121, 122-33, 139, 149
Postmodernism, xviii, xix, 194-200
Postmodernismo, 198
Poststructuralism, 198-99
Pound, Ezra, 17, 175, 199
Pradet, Paul, 98
Praz, Mario, xiv, 3, 4, 9, 13, 29, 85, 103, 105
Pre-Raphaelitism, 63, 66, 104, 177
Progress, 11-12, 34
Proust, Marcel, xvii, 102, 176
Q
Quinet, Edgar, 28
R
Rabelais, Francois, 94
Racine, Jean, 63, 201
Rascoe, Burton, 176, 179, 188
Raynaud, Ernest, 50, 98
Realism, xii, xiii, 41, 149
Reed, John R., 90, 154
Renaissance, The (Pater), 66, 67, 75, 76, 77
Renoir, Jean, 190
Richard, Noël, 7, 9, 100
Rimbaud, Arthur, 138
Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay Andreyevich, 190
Roditi, Edouard, 111
Romains de la décadence, Les (Couture), 27
Romanticism, xi, xii, xvii, xviii, 3-5, 28-29, 34-35, 42, 63-64, 68,
78, 151-32, 147-48
"Romanticism" (Pater), 63-64
Ronsard, Pierre de, 79-80
Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 66, 177
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 4, 45, 63, 147
S
Sably, Lucien de, 98
Sade, Marquis de, 3, 29
Sadism, xviii, 3, 29-30, 158, 160-62
Sainte-Beuve, Charles-Augustine, 22, 23, 26, 29, 32, 33, 38, 42,
54, 63, 64, 88, 91
Salammbô (Flaubert), xviii, 14, 15, 21, 22-42, 43, 59, 87, 119,
146, 162, 175, 191
Sand, George, 20
Sandburg, Carl, 183, 185
Sarraute, Nathalie, 40
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 200
Satanism. See Diabolism
Saussure, Ferdinand de, 199, 202
Sauvage, Marcel, 53, 54
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 10, 18, 45, 95, 96, 103, 114, 134, 158, 165
Scott, Sir Walter, 23, 39
Seiderman, Maurice, 190
Shakespeare, William, 31
Shattuck, Roger, xv
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 114, 115, 131-32, 165
Sherman, Stuart, 189
Showalter, Elaine, 18, 19, 192, 193
Small, Ian, 60, 67
Smith, Bernard, 164
Smith, Wallace, 180, 182
Soeurs Vatard, Les, 46
Sontag, Susan, 197
Soul of Man Under Socialism, The (Wilde), 69