Decadence and the Making of Modernism  

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"While Joyce, Gide, Flaubert, Huysmans are well known, Weir thankfully doesn't assume more than a passing acquaintance with his examples of decadence in decay--Octave Mirbeau's Le Jardin des supplices, Ben Hecht's Fantazius Mallare and James Huneker's Painted Veils." --Publisher's Weekly review


Fantazius Mallare: A Mysterious Oath (1922) and its sequel, The Kingdom of Evil (1924), are Hecht's main contributions to the bibliography of decadent literature. The first novel was written as a deliberate challenge to such organizations as Boston's Watch and Ward Society (which had banned Hecht's first novel, Gargoyles) and New York's Society for the Suppression of Vice, headed by John Sumner, who succeeded in suppressing books by Sherwood Anderson, Aldous Huxley, and John Dos Passos, as well as the work of Hecht's friend, the poet Maxwell Bodenheim."--Decadence and the Making of Modernism (1995) by David Weir


"The newspapers and magazines where Hollywood's future screenwriters worked were often saturated with the belated, cosmopolitan decadence that James Huneker introduced to America. The genealogy of decadence we are tracing here runs from literary Europe in the 1890s to journalistic America in the 1920s to the Hollywood of the 1930s. This cultural transaction (Huysmans to Huneker to Hecht to Hollywood) is instanced by The Scoundrel, a film staring Noel Coward that Hecht wrote and directed in 1935."--Decadence and the Making of Modernism (1995) by David Weir

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Decadence and the Making of Modernism (1996) is a book by David Weir

From the publisher:

""Decadence" has often been viewed as an ephemeral artistic vogue of late 19th- and early 20th-century Europe. This study makes the case for decadence as a literary movement in its own right, based on a set of aesthetic principles that formed a transitional link between romanticism and modernism."


See also

Index (from a to z)

Index A "Abel et Caïn" (Baudelaire), 165 Ackroyd, Peter, 199 Adam, Paul, 155 Aesthetic interference, 13-15, 17, 24, 37, 41-42, 58, 79 Aestheticism, xviii, 52-54, 60-61, 65-68, 70-71, 104, 109-10, 124- 26 Aldington, Richard, 111, 177 Anarchism, 155, 166-67 Anatomy of Melancholy (Burton), 94 Anderson, Margaret, 175, 176-77, 200; Little Review, 176-78 Anderson, Sherwood, 176, 180 Apollinaire, Guillaume, xv Apter, Emily, 192 Apuleius, 71, 76, 91 A Rebours (Huysmans), xvi, xviii, 15, 17, 44, 47, 68, 82-97, 98, 103, 104, 110, 114, 118, 119, 146, 154, 156, 161, 199 Armstrong, Marie (Mrs. Ben Hecht), 188, 189 Arnold, Matthew, 76, 78 "Art, L'" (Gautier), 35 Art pourl'art, l', 33-34, 35, 64 Auerbach, Erich, 39, 52, 57 "Au Lecteur" (Baudelaire), 131 Avant-gardism, 5-6, 100-101, 121, 203 B Baju, Anatole, 7, 48, 98-101, 155, 166, 200; Décadent, Le, 48, 98-101 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 94 Balzac, Honoré de, 14, 38, 42, 63, 85 Banville, Théodore de, 46 Barbarism, 12-13, 28, 49, 101, 157-58, 178, 200 Barbey d'Aurevilly, Jules Amédée, 62, 84-85, 90, 182 Barnes, Djuna, 149; Nightwood, 149 Barnes, Julian, 199; Flaubert's Parrot, 199 Barrès, Maurice, 166 Baudelaire, Charles, xi-xiv, xv, 9, 12, 20, 59, 62, 77, 81, 83, 85-87, 88, 97, 98, 114, 115, 131, 160, 162, 165, 171, 172, 173, 176, 178, 185-86, 201; "Abel et Caïn," 165; "Au Lecteur," 131; "Charogne, Une," xi-xiv, 185; "Femmes Damnées," xiv, 176; "Lesbos," xiv; "Litanies du Satan, Les," 165; Paradis artificiels, Les, 62; "Spleen IV," 162 Baumgarten, Alexander Gottlieb, 66 Beardsley, Aubrey, 166, 180 Beckett, Samuel, 96 Bedouins (Huneker), 166, 174 Beebe, Maurice, 61, 62 Beerbohm, Max, 151-53; Happy Hypocrite, The, 151-53 Behrman, S. N., 152 Belatedness, 5, 28, 78, 203 Belle époque, xv Birth of Tragedy, The (Nietzsche), 135 Blake, William, 69 Bloom, Harold, 66, 67, 68, 73, 76 Bodenheim, Maxwell, 180 Bohemianism, xv, 165, 170 Borges, Jorge Luis, 96 Bourdieu, Pierre, 154, 201, 202 Boutget, Paul, 5, 31, 45, 48, 63, 82, 88, 89, 97, 98, 100, 136, 146, 149, 164, 167, 199 Bouvard et Pecuchet (Flaubert), 94, 199 Brandes, Georg, 164, 175 Brombert, Victor, 35, 36, 87 Brummel, George Bryan (Beau), 62 Bruno, Giordano, 80 Burke, Kenneth, 175 Burton, Robert, 94; Anatomy of Melancholy, 94 Page 228 Byatt, A. S., 199 Byron, Lord, xvii, 111, 131-32, 165; Cain, 131, 165; Manfred, 111, 165 C Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, The (Wiene), 184-85 Cahiers d'André Walter, Les (Gide), 139-40 Cain (Byron), 131, 165 Calinescu, Matei, 5-6, 11, 89, 99, 136, 195 Camp, Maxime de, 28, 34 Caramaschi, Enzo, 55-56 Carlyle, Thomas, 78 Carter, A. E., 4, 5, 46-47, 91 Case of Wagner, The (Nietzsche), 134, 135-36 Caylor, Rose (Mrs. Ben Hecht), 188 Céline, Louis-Ferdinand, 91, 121, 149-50; Voyage au bout de la nuit, 149-50 Chants de Maldoror, Les (Lautréamont), 111, 165 Chaplin, Charlie, 185 Charles Demailly (Goncourt), 48 "Charogne, Une," xi-xiv, 185 Chateaubriand, François René, vicomte de, xii, 4, 42, 64; Génie du Christianisme, 64 Child of the Century, A (Hecht), 175 Citizen Kane (Welles), 190-91 Coeur simple, Une (Flaubert), 199 Colet, Louise, 33 Confessions of an English Opium Eater (De Quincey), 62 Confessions of a Young Man (Moore), xviii, 102, 113-18, 121, 129-32, 133, 166 Couture, Thomas, 27; Romains de la décadence, Les, 27 Coward, Noel, 189 "Critic as Artist, The" (Wilde), 69 D Daiches, David, 128 Dandyism, xviii, 61-62 D'Annunzio, Gabriele, xviii, 13, 102, 103-9, 118, 119, 121, 172, 175; Piacere, Il, 102, 103-9, 119, 172 Darwin, Charles, xii-xiii, 44; Origin of Species, xii, 44 Darwinism, xii-xiii, 44 Décadent, Le (Baju, ed.), 48, 98-101 Decadentismo, 9 Decadent style. See Style de décadence, le Décadisme, xviii, 6-7, 82-83, 97-101, 133 "Decay of Lying, The" (Wilde), 69 Deconstruction, 198-99 Degeneration, 30-31, 46-50, 55, 140-41 Degradation, 108-9, 111-13, 131, 140, 179 Dehumanization, 15-16 Delacroix, Eugène, 3 Delay, Jean, 138 De Profundis (Wilde), 112 De Quincey, Thomas, 62-63; Confessions of an English Opium Eater, 62 Derrida, Jacques, 196, 198 Devil is a Woman, The (von Sternberg), 190 Diabolism, xv-xvi, 111, 165, 173-74, 178, 183, 186 Dick, Susan, 118 Dickens, Charles, 14, 38 Dictionnaire des idées reçues, Le (Flaubert), 20 Dietrich, Marlene, 190 Disraeli, Benjamin, 111; Vivian Grey, 111 Donato, Eugenio, 29 Dos Passos, John, 180 Dostoevsky, Fyodor Mikhaylovich, 9, 87, 179; House of the Dead, The, 179 Douglas, Lord Alfred, 111 Dowson, Ernest, 60, 65 Dreyfus affair, 156, 157, 163 du Bellay, Joachim, 80 Dujardin, Edouard, 89, 113, 114, 116-17, 118; Lauriers sont coupés, Les, 116-17, 118 Du Maurier, George, 65 Duval, Jeanne, 201 E Ecce Homo (Nietzsche), 134 Egoists: A Book of Supermen (Huneker), 164 Eliot, T. S., 17, 121, 164, 175, 176, 199; Waste Land, The, 176 Ellmann, Richard, 121 Ennui, 99, 178 Eric Dorn (Hecht), 186, 188, 189 Exiles (Joyce), 121 Expressionism, 184-85 F Fantazius Mallare: A Mysterious Oath (Hecht), 179-82, 189 Faute de l'Abbé Mouret, La (Zola), 45 Feminism, 18-19, 170, 171-72, 173 "Femmes Damnées" (Baudelaire), xiv, 176 Ferron, Henri de, 44 Fiedler, Leslie, 197 Fin de siècle, xv-xvi, 101-2, 104, 192-94 Finnegans Wake (Joyce), 198 Flaubert, Gustave, xv, xvii-xviii, 14, 15, 18-19, 20, 21, 22-42, 43, 63, 81, 83, 87, 94, 97, 118, 119, 146, 158, 162, 166, 170, 175, 186, 195, 199; Bouvard et Pecuchet, 94, 199; Coeursimple, Une, 199; Dictionnaire des idlés re- Page 229 çues, Le, 20; Madame Bovary, 22, 39; Salammbô, xviii, 14, 15, 21, 22-42, 43, 59, 87, 119, 146, 162, 175, 191 Flaubert's Parrot (J. Barnes), 199 Foster, George Burman, 177-78 Fowlie, Wallace, 138 Fragonard, Jean-Honoré, 58 Franco-Prussian War, 3, 44 Frank, Joseph, 96 Freud, Sigmund, 163 Frye, Northrop, 94 G Garden, Mary, 166, 173 Gargoyles (Hecht), 180, 186-88, 189 Gaston de Latour (Pater), 79-81 Gautier, Théophile, 4, 12, 25, 34, 35, 59, 63, 64, 76-77, 88-89, 98, 201; "Art, L'," 35; Mademoiselle de Maupin, 34, 98 Génie du Christianisme (Chateaubriand), 64 Germinal (Zola), 53 Germinie Lacerteux (Goncourt), xviii, 14, 15, 43, 47, 50-58, 59, 64, 119 Gide, André, xvii, xviii, 102, 120-21, 133, 138, 139-50, 141, 160, 176, 177; Cahiers d'André Walter, Les, 139-40; Immoraliste, L', xviii, 102, 138, 139-50, 160, 177, 178; Journal, 140; Nourritures terrestres, Les, 140, 141 Ginsberg, Allen, 180 Gionola, Elio, 9 Gobineau, Compte de, 27 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, xvii, 138 Goldberg, Rube, 185 Goldberg, S. L., 125 Goldman, Emma, 200 Goncourt, Jules and Edmond de, xv, xviii, 14, 15, 18, 20, 33, 43- 58, 59, 84, 119, 140-41, 170, 178; Charles Demailly, 48; Germinie Lacerteux, xviii, 14, 15, 43, 47, 50-58, 59, 84, 119; Journal, 46, 50, 52, 55; Madame Gervaisais, 48; Manette Salomon, 48 Gourmont, Remy de, 7, 164, 170, 175, 177 Goya, Francisco, 55, 190 Grosz, Georg, 184 H Habermas, Jürgen, 196, 197 Halpern, Joseph, 94, 95 Happy Hypocrite, The (Beerbohm), 151-53 Hartman, Eduard von, 45 Hartman, Geoffrey, xvii, 17 Hassan, Ihab, 197 Haussmann, Baron Georges-Eugène, 27 Hecht, Ben, xvi, 166, 175-91; Child of the Century, A, 175; Eric Dorn, 186, 188, 189; Fantazius Mallare: A Mysterious Oath, 179-82, 189; Gargoyles, 180, 186-88, 189; Kingdom of Evil: A Continuation of the Journal of Fantazius Mallare, The, 180, 182-84 Heraclitus, 69 Heredia, José Maria de, 46 Hermaphroditism, 104-5, 162 Hervieu, Paul, 46 Histoire de la littérature anglaise (Taine), 44 Hitchcock, Alfred, 189 Hoffmann, Ernst Theodor Amadeus, 111 Homosexuality, xiv, 98, 111-12, 142-44, 170 Hough, Graham, 60, 67, 102 House of the Dead, The (Dostoevsky), 179 Houssaye, Arsène, 28 Howe, Irving, 196 Hugo, Victor, 14, 20, 34, 63, 64; Orientales, Les, 34 Huneker, James Gibbons, xvi, 163-75, 176, 178, 179, 185, 186, 189, 190; Bedouins, 166, 174; Egoists: A Book of Supermen, 164; Iconoclasts: A Book of Dramatists, 164; Melomaniacs, 170; Overtones, 166; Painted Veils, 163, 165, 167-75, 176 Huxley, Aldous, 180 Huysmans, Joris-Karl, xvi, xviii, 14, 15, 17, 44, 46, 47, 68, 82-97, 98, 100, 101, 103, 104, 110, 114, 118, 119, 121, 146, 154, 156, 161, 165, 166, 168, 170, 175, 176, 178, 180, 185, 186, 199, 200; A Rebours, xvi, xviii, 15, 17, 44, 47, 68, 82-97, 98, 103, 104, 110, 114, 118, 119, 146, 154, 156, 161, 199; Là-Bas, xvi, 165, 186; Marthe, 46; Soeurs Vatard, Les, 46 Huyssen, Andreas, 18-19, 194 I Ibsen, Henrik, 121, 164, 170, 171 Iconoclasts: A Book of Dramatists (Huneker), 164 Igitur (Mallarmé), 87 Immoraliste, L'(Gide), xviii, 102, 138, 139-50, 160, 177, 178 Impressionism, 23, 54-56 Ivanov, Vyacheslav, 5 J Jardin des supplices, Le (Mirbeau), 154-63, 187 Jarrell, Randall, 196 Jarry, Alfred, xv Jean Paul (Johann Paul Friedrich Richter), 111 Johnson, Lionel, 60 Page 230 Johnson, Samuel, 68-69 Jourdain, Frantz, 46 Journal (Gide), 140 Journal (Goncourt), 46, 50, 52, 55 Joyce, James, xvii, xviii, 16, 17, 43, 60, 89, 96, 102, 118, 120, 121-23, 139, 149, 176, 198, 202; Exiles, 121; Finnegans Wake, 198; Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, A, xviii, 102, 120, 121, 122-33, 139, 149; Stephen Hero, 124-26; Ulysses, 96, 176 Juvenal, 27 K Kael, Pauline, 175, 189 Kafka, Franz, 19 Kaufmann, Walter, 138 Keats, John, 78 Kenner, Hugh, 125, 127 Kingdom of Evil: A Continuation of the Journal of Fantazius Mallare, The (Hecht), 180, 182-84 Kock, Charles-Paul de, 87 Kundera, Milan, 188 L Là-Bas (Huysmans), xvi, 165, 186 La Fontaine et ses fables (Taine), 44 Laforgue, Jules, 46 Lamartine, Alphonse de, 4 Landor, Walter Savage, 78 "Langeur" (Verlaine), 25, 97, 98-99, 157, 179 Lauriers sont coupés, Les (Dujardin), 116-17, 118 Lautréamont, Compte de (Isidore Ducasse), 111, 165, 185; Chants de Maldoror, Les, 111, 165 Leconte de Lisle, Charles-Marie, 34; Poëmes et poésies, 34 Leopold and Loeb, 189 Leroy, Louis, 23 "Lesbos" (Baudelaire), xiv Levin, Harry, 22, 38, 197 Lewis, Wyndham, 199 "Litanies du Satan, Les" (Baudelaire), 165 Little Review (Anderson, ed.), 176-78 Livi, François, 83, 90 Lodge, David, 199 Lombroso, Cesare, 171 Loti, Pierre, 166 Louÿs, Pierre, 190 Lowell, Robert, 196 Lucretius, 67 Lukács, Georg, 22, 38-39, 40 Lyotard, Jean-François, 196 M McTeague (Norris), 107 Madame Bovary (Flaubert), 22, 39 Madame Gervaisais (Goncourt), 48 Mademoiselle de Maupin (Gautier), 34, 98 Maeterlinck, Maurice, 164 Mallarmé, Stéphane, xv, 7, 8, 46, 83, 87, 89-90, 114, 116, 133, 139, 140, 175, 177; Igitur, 87 Manette Salomon (Goncourt), 48 Manfred (Byron), 111, 165 Mangan, James Clarence, 121 Mankiewicz, Herman J., 190 Mann, Thomas, xvii, 38, 102 Marius the Epicurean: His Sensations and Ideas (Pater), xviii, 14, 15, 21, 59, 68, 71-79, 91, 115, 122-26 Marthe (Huysmans), 46 Maturin, Charles Robert, 111; Melmoth the Wanderer, 111 Maupassant, Guy de, 166 Melmoth the Wanderer (Maturin), 111 Melomaniacs (Huneker), 170 Mencken, H. L., 164, 175, 190 Michaud, Guy, 8 Mickelson, David, 96 Milton, John, 165; Paradise Lost, 165 Mirbeau, Octave, 4, 154-63, 166, 187, 190; Jardin des supplices, Le, 154-63, 187 Misogyny, xiv, 18-20, 57, 158, 174-75, 188 Modernism, xvii, xviii-xix, 6, 9, 16, 41-42, 69-70, 78, 95-97, 101- 2, 111, 113, 120-21, 132-33, 137-38, 148-50, 164, 170, 175-78, 198-203 Modernismo, 198 Moers, Ellen, 62 Monet, Claude, 23 Monroe, Harriet, 176 Montaigne, Michel de, 80 Moore, George, xviii, 60, 76, 82, 89, 102, 113-18, 120, 121, 124, 129-32, 133, 166, 171; Confessions of a Young Man, xviii, 102, 113-18, 121, 129-32, 133, 166 Moreau, Gustave, 3, 104 Moreau de Tours, Dr. Joseph, 47 Multiculturalism, 194-95, 200-202 Musset, Alfred de, 4 N Naturalism, xviii, 43-46, 50-52, 176 Nettement, Alfred, 38 Neurasthenia, 47-49, 53, 194 Nightwood (D. Barnes), 149 Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, xviii, 1, 15, 89, 133-39, 146, 161, 164, 167, 170, 175, 176, 178, Page 231 185, 195; Birth of Tragedy, The, 135; Case of Wagner, The, 134, 135-36; Ecce Homo, 134 Nisard, Désiré, 88, 89, 91 Nordau, Max, 55 Norris, Frank, 107; McTeague, 107 Nourritures terrestres, Les (Gide), 140, 141 O Onís, Federico de, 198 Orientales, Les (Hugo), 34 Origin of Species (Darwin), xii, 44 Ortega y Gasset, José, 13, 15-16 Overtones (Huneker), 166 P Paglia, Camille, 1-2, 19 Painted Veils (Huneker), 163, 165, 167-75, 176 Paradis artificiels, Les (Baudelaire), 62 Paradise Lost (Milton), 165 Parnassianism, 33-36 Parody, 152-54 Pateman, Carole, 19 Pater, Walter, xviii, 14, 15, 21, 59-60, 63-65, 66-81, 82, 91, 93, 101, 115, 118, 120, 121, 122-26, 127, 128, 167, 186; Gaston de Latour, 79-81; Marius the Epicurean: His Sensations and Ideas, xviii, 14, 15, 21, 59, 68, 71-79, 91, 115, 122-26; Renaissance, The, 66, 67, 75, 76, 77; "Romanticism," 63-64; "Style," 63 Péladan, Joséphin, 90, 105; Vice suprême, Le, 90 Pessimism, xii-xiii, 2-3, 44-45, 84-85 Petronius, 86, 96, 176 Phaedrus (Plato), 147 Piacere, Il (D'Annunzio), 102, 103-9, 119, 172 Picture of Dorian Gray, The (Wilde), xviii, 67, 68, 69, 102, 109- 13, 119, 152, 187 Pierrot, Jean, 7-8, 9, 14, 61, 62, 63, 84, 155 Plato, 147; Phaedrus, 147 Poe, Edgar Allan, 87, 111, 185; "William Wilson," 111 Poëmes et poésies (Leconte de Lisle), 34 Poggioli, Renato, 6, 7, 10, 12-13, 14, 28, 100-101, 194 Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, A (Joyce), xviii, 102, 120, 121, 122-33, 139, 149 Postmodernism, xviii, xix, 194-200 Postmodernismo, 198 Poststructuralism, 198-99 Pound, Ezra, 17, 175, 199 Pradet, Paul, 98 Praz, Mario, xiv, 3, 4, 9, 13, 29, 85, 103, 105 Pre-Raphaelitism, 63, 66, 104, 177 Progress, 11-12, 34 Proust, Marcel, xvii, 102, 176 Q Quinet, Edgar, 28 R Rabelais, Francois, 94 Racine, Jean, 63, 201 Rascoe, Burton, 176, 179, 188 Raynaud, Ernest, 50, 98 Realism, xii, xiii, 41, 149 Reed, John R., 90, 154 Renaissance, The (Pater), 66, 67, 75, 76, 77 Renoir, Jean, 190 Richard, Noël, 7, 9, 100 Rimbaud, Arthur, 138 Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay Andreyevich, 190 Roditi, Edouard, 111 Romains de la décadence, Les (Couture), 27 Romanticism, xi, xii, xvii, xviii, 3-5, 28-29, 34-35, 42, 63-64, 68, 78, 151-32, 147-48 "Romanticism" (Pater), 63-64 Ronsard, Pierre de, 79-80 Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 66, 177 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 4, 45, 63, 147 S Sably, Lucien de, 98 Sade, Marquis de, 3, 29 Sadism, xviii, 3, 29-30, 158, 160-62 Sainte-Beuve, Charles-Augustine, 22, 23, 26, 29, 32, 33, 38, 42, 54, 63, 64, 88, 91 Salammbô (Flaubert), xviii, 14, 15, 21, 22-42, 43, 59, 87, 119, 146, 162, 175, 191 Sand, George, 20 Sandburg, Carl, 183, 185 Sarraute, Nathalie, 40 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 200 Satanism. See Diabolism Saussure, Ferdinand de, 199, 202 Sauvage, Marcel, 53, 54 Schopenhauer, Arthur, 10, 18, 45, 95, 96, 103, 114, 134, 158, 165 Scott, Sir Walter, 23, 39 Seiderman, Maurice, 190 Shakespeare, William, 31 Shattuck, Roger, xv Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 114, 115, 131-32, 165 Sherman, Stuart, 189 Showalter, Elaine, 18, 19, 192, 193 Small, Ian, 60, 67 Smith, Bernard, 164 Smith, Wallace, 180, 182 Soeurs Vatard, Les, 46 Sontag, Susan, 197 Soul of Man Under Socialism, The (Wilde), 69



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