Criticism of literacy
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Criticism of literacy is to be found at the beginning of Early modern Europe, most vociferously by the Italian Dominican friar Filippo di Strata when he said that "est virgo hec penna, meretrix est stampificata."
Criticism is also voiced in Moliere's play The School for Wives, which wants the protagonist to be able to read, in the figure of Jack Cade in Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 2 who is against writing as an instrument of suppression of the lower classes. Also in Lope de Vega's play Fuente Ovejuna.
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