Condoleezza Rice
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Condoleezza Rice (born November 14, 1954) is an American diplomat and political scientist who is the current director of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. Rice served as the 66th United States secretary of state from 2005 to 2009 and as the 20th national security advisor from 2001 to 2005. A member of the Republican Party, Rice was the first female African-American secretary of state and the first woman to serve as National Security Advisor. Until the election of Barack Obama as president in 2008, Rice and her predecessor, Colin Powell, were the highest-ranking African Americans in the history of the federal executive branch (by virtue of the secretary of state standing fourth in the presidential line of succession). Additionally, Rice was the highest-ranking African American woman in the history of the United States until the inauguration of Kamala Harris as vice president in 2021.