Concert of Europe
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| + | The '''Concert of Europe''', also known as the '''Congress System''' or the '''Vienna System''' after the [[Congress of Vienna]], was a system of [[dispute resolution]] adopted by the [[Great power|major powers]] of Europe to avoid conflicts escalating into war, and to maintain their power. | ||
| - | The '''Concert of Europe''', also known as the "'''Congress System'''," was the [[Balance of power in international relations|balance of power]] that existed in [[Europe]] from [[1815]] until the early [[20th century]]. Its founding members were the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]], [[Austrian Empire]], [[Russian Empire]] and [[Kingdom of Prussia]], the members of the [[Quadruple Alliance]] responsible for the downfall of the [[First French Empire]]; in time [[France]] became established as a fifth member of the concert. At first, the leading personalities of the system were British foreign secretary [[Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh|Lord Castlereagh]], Austrian chancellor [[Klemens Wenzel, Prince von Metternich]] and [[Tsar]] [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] of Russia. | + | The more conservative members of the Concert of Europe, who were also members of the [[#Holy Alliance|Holy Alliance]], used this system to oppose revolutionary movements, weaken the forces of nationalism, and uphold the [[Balance of power (international relations)|balance of power]]. Historians date its operation from the end of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] (1815) to the early 1820s, although some see it playing a role until the [[Crimean War]] (1853–1856). |
| - | Among the meetings of the Powers were the Congresses of [[Congress of Vienna|Vienna]] (1814–1815), [[Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1818)|Aix-la-Chappelle]] (1818), [[Carlsbad Decrees|Carlsbad]] (1819), [[Congress of Verona|Verona]] (1822) and [[London Conference of 1832|London]] in 1830, 1832, and 1838-1839. The Concert of Europe broke down when the [[Crimean War]] broke out in 1854, with the United Kingdom and [[Second French Empire]] assisting the [[Ottoman Empire]] against the Russian Empire. The [[Congress of Berlin]] in [[1878]] was the last; rivalries between the Powers made co-ordination difficult, and the Congress system disappeared with the outbreak of [[World War I]]. | + | ==See also== |
| + | *[[European balance of power]] | ||
| + | * [[International relations (1814–1919)]] | ||
| + | *[[Balance of power in international relations]] | ||
| + | *[[Great power]] | ||
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The Concert of Europe, also known as the Congress System or the Vienna System after the Congress of Vienna, was a system of dispute resolution adopted by the major powers of Europe to avoid conflicts escalating into war, and to maintain their power.
The more conservative members of the Concert of Europe, who were also members of the Holy Alliance, used this system to oppose revolutionary movements, weaken the forces of nationalism, and uphold the balance of power. Historians date its operation from the end of the Napoleonic Wars (1815) to the early 1820s, although some see it playing a role until the Crimean War (1853–1856).
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See also
- European balance of power
- International relations (1814–1919)
- Balance of power in international relations
- Great power
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