Concentration of media ownership  

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

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Concentration of media ownership (also known as media consolidation or Contemporary research demonstrates increasing levels of consolidation, with many media industries already highly concentrated and dominated by a very small number of firms.

Globally, large media conglomerates include Bertelsmann, National Amusements (ViacomCBS), Sony Corporation, News Corp, Comcast, The Walt Disney Company, AT&T Inc., Fox Corporation, Hearst Communications, MGM Holdings Inc., Grupo Globo (South America) and Lagardère Group.

As of 2020, the largest media conglomerates in terms of revenue rank Comcast, The Walt Disney Company, AT&T and ViacomCBS per Forbes.

In nations described as authoritarian by most international think-tanks and NGOs, media ownership is generally something very close to the complete state control over information in direct or indirect ways.

See also

• Agenda-setting theory
• Alternative media
• Big Three television networks
• Corporate media
• Deregulation
• Freedom of speech
• Freedom of the press
• Gleichschaltung
• Lists of corporate assets
• Local News Service
• Mainstream
• Mainstream media
• Media bias
• Media conglomerate
• Media cross-ownership in the United States
• Media democracy
• Media imperialism
• Media manipulation
• Media proprietor
• Media transparency
• Monopolies of knowledge
• Network neutrality
• Old media
• Partido da Imprensa Golpista
• Politico-media complex
• Prometheus Radio Project
• Propaganda model
• Retail concentration
• State controlled media
• Telecommunications Act of 1996
• Western media
• Transparency of media ownership in Europe

Film

• Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky and the Media (1992)
• Orwell Rolls in His Grave (2004) documentary available on DVD considers media concentration in the U.S.
• Beyond Citizen Kane by Simon Hartog (1993); about Roberto Marinho's Globo Group in Brazil
• Broadcast Blues (2009) Award-winning documentary by former Emmy Winning Radio and TV producer Sue Wilson available on DVD