Ancient philosophy
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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This page lists some links to ancient philosophy. In Europe, the spread of Christianity through the Roman world marked the end of Hellenistic philosophy and ushered in the beginnings of Medieval philosophy.
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Western philosophy
Presocratic philosophers
- Leucippus (first half of 5th century BC)
- Democritus (460-370 BC)
- Metrodorus of Chios (4th century BC)
- Pherecydes of Syros (6th century BC)
- Gorgias (483-375 BC)
- Protagoras (481-420 BC)
- Antiphon (480-411 BC)
- Prodicus (465/450-after 399 BC)
- Hippias (middle of the 5th century BC)
- Thrasymachus (459-400 BC)
- Callicles
- Critias
- Lycophron
Classical Greek philosophers
- Socrates (469-399 BC)
- Euclid of Megara (450-380 BC)
- Antisthenes (445-360 BC)
- Aristippus (435-356 BC)
- Plato (428-347 BC)
- Speusippus (407-339 BC)
- Diogenes of Sinope (400-325 BC)
- Xenocrates (396-314 BC)
- Aristotle (384-322 BC)
- Stilpo (380-300 BC)
- Theophrastus (370-288 BC)
Hellenistic philosophy
- Pyrrho (365-275 BC)
- Epicurus (341-270 BC)
- Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the younger) (331–278 BC)
- Zeno of Citium (333-263 BC)
- Cleanthes (331-232 BC)
- Timon (320-230 BC)
- Arcesilaus (316-232 BC)
- Menippus (3rd century BC)
- Archimedes (c. 287-212 BC)
- Chrysippus (280-207 BC)
- Carneades (214-129 BC)
- Clitomachus (187-109 BC)
- Metrodorus of Stratonicea (late 2nd century BC)
- Philo of Larissa (160-80 BC)
- Posidonius (135-51 BC)
- Antiochus of Ascalon (130-68 BC)
- Aenesidemus (1st century BC)
- Philo of Alexandria (30 BC - 45 AD)
- Agrippa (1st century AD)
Hellenistic schools of thought
Philosophers during Roman times
- Cicero (106-43 BC)
- Lucretius (94-55 BC)
- Seneca (4 BC - 65 AD)
- Musonius Rufus (30 AD - 100 AD)
- Plutarch (45-120 AD)
- Epictetus (55-135 AD)
- Marcus Aurelius (121-180 AD)
- Clement of Alexandria (150-215 AD)
- Alcinous (2nd century AD)
- Sextus Empiricus (3rd century AD)
- Alexander of Aphrodisias (3rd century AD)
- Ammonius Saccas (3rd century AD)
- Plotinus (205-270 AD)
- Porphyry (232-304 AD)
- Iamblichus (242-327 AD)
- Themistius (317-388 AD)
- Augustine of Hippo (354-430 AD)
- Proclus (411-485 AD)
- Philoponus of Alexandria (490-570 AD)
- Damascius (462-540 AD)
- Boethius (472-524 AD)
- Simplicius of Cilicia (490-560 AD)
Indian philosophy
Old Iranian philosophy
While there are ancient relations between the Indian Vedas and the Iranian Avesta, the two main families of the Indo-Iranian philosophical traditions were characterized by fundamental differences in their implications for the human being's position in society and their view on the role of man in the universe. The first charter of human rights by Cyrus the Great is widely seen as a reflection of the questions and thoughts expressed by Zarathustra and developed in Zoroastrian schools of thought.
Chinese philosophy
In China, less emphasis was put upon materialism as a basis for reflecting upon the world and more emphasis was put on conduct, manners and social behaviour, as evidenced by Taoism and Confucianism.
