Cinema of Europe
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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"In many ways Roger Corman is to American cinema what Jess Franco is to European cinema. They both directed low budget, B movie style films that attracted minority cultures." --Sholem Stein "In recent years, the term ‘new extremism’ has been used to describe (and often to decry) a growing body of films featuring extreme and graphic representations of sexuality and violence, seemingly designed with the chief aim in mind of shocking or provoking spectators. The list of filmmakers frequently assembled under this rubric is quite diverse, but often includes Catherine Breillat, Gaspar Noé, Michael Haneke, Bruno Dumont, Fatih Akın, Claire Denis, Philippe Grandrieux, Lukas Moodysson, Marina de Van, François Ozon and Lars von Trier, to name a few."--The New Extremism: Contemporary European Cinema [1] "New German Cinema, French New Wave and Italian neorealism are three movements in post-war European cinema in which a new generation of directors emerged who, working with low budgets gained notice by producing a number of "small" motion pictures that caught the attention of art house audiences."--Sholem Stein |
Illustration: screen shot from L'arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat
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Cinema of Europe refers to the film industries and films produced in the continent of Europe. Auguste and Louis Lumière began cinema as a novelty; it led to the silent film era, a period where European cinema was a major commercial success, remaining so until Nazi Germany instigated the European War.
Notable European early film movements include German Expressionism (1920s), French Impressionist Cinema (1920s), Poetic realism (1930s), and Italian neorealism (1940s); it was a period now seen in retrospect as "The Other Hollywood".
Post World War II movements include French New Wave (1950s–60s), Polish Film School (1950s–60s), Czechoslovak New Wave (1960s), New German Cinema (1960s–80s), British New Wave (1950s–60s), and Novo Cinema (1960s–70s). The turn of the 21st century has seen movements such as Dogme 95, New French Extremity, and the Romanian New Wave.
A key difference with American cinema is that is has traditionally been government funded, and is still so to a considerable degree.
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History
19th century
Antoine Lumière realized, on 28 December 1895, the first projection, with the Cinematograph, in Paris.
In 1897, Georges Méliès established the first cinema studio on a rooftop property in Montreuil, near Paris.
20th century
The European Film Academy was founded in 1988 to annually celebrating European cinema through the European Film Awards.
Philippe Binant realized, on 2 February 2000, the first digital cinema projection in Europe, with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments, in Paris.
European 'popular cinema'
European 'popular cinema' is a collection of genres comprising Eurotica, Euro chic, sword-and-sandal films, spaghetti westerns, European comedies and European horror. It can be contrasted to such art genres as the French Nouvelle Vague, Russian kino pravda, French cinéma vérité, German Expressionism and Italian neorealism.
European New Waves
Some notable European "New Waves" were Italian Neorealism, French New Wave, Polish Film School, New German Cinema and Czechoslovak New Wave.
See also
- List of European films
- Cinema of the world
- World cinema
- European Film Academy
- European Audiovisual Observatory
- European Film Promotion
- Media Plus
