From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

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-	A '''novel''' (from French ''[[nouvelle]]'' Italian "[[novella]]", "[[new]]") is an extended, generally [[fiction]]al [[narrative]], typically in [[prose]]. Until the [[18th century in literature|eighteenth century]], the word referred specifically to [[short fiction]]s of [[love]] and [[intrigue]] as opposed to ''[[romance (genre)|romance]]s'', which were [[epic poetry|epic]]-length works about love and [[adventure]]. Novels are generally between 60,000-200,000 words, or 300-1,300 pages, in length. During the [[18th century in literature|18th century]] the novel adopted features of the old romance and became one of the major [[literary genre]]s. It is today defined mostly by its ability to become the object of literary criticism demanding [[artistic merit]] and a specific 'literary' style—or specific literary styles.	+
-	==History==	+
-	===Antecedents around the world===	+
-	A significant number of extended fictional prose works predate the novel, and have been cited as its antecedents. While these anticipate the novel in form and, to some extent, in substance, the early European novelists were unaware of most of these works; instead they were influenced by novellas and verse epics.	+
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-	Early works of extended fictional prose include the 6th/7th-century ''[[Daśakumāracarita]]'' by [[Daṇḍin]], the 7th-century ''[[Kadambari]]'' by [[Banabhatta]], the 11th-century ''[[The Tale of Genji|Tale of Genji]]'' by [[Murasaki Shikibu]], the 12th-century ''[[Hayy ibn Yaqdhan]]'' (or ''Philosophus Autodidactus'', the 17th-century Latin title) by [[Ibn Tufail]], the 13th-century ''[[Ibn al-Nafis#Theologus Autodidactus|Theologus Autodidactus]]'' by [[Ibn al-Nafis]], and the 14th-century ''[[Romance of the Three Kingdoms]]'' by [[Luo Guanzhong]].	+
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-	Murasaki Shikibu's ''Tale of Genji'' (1010) shows essentially all the qualities for which works such as [[Madame de La Fayette|Marie de La Fayette]]'s ''[[La Princesse de Clèves]]'' (1678) have been praised: individuality of perception, an interest in character development and psychological observation. Urbanization and the spread of printed books in [[Song Dynasty]] China led to the evolution of oral storytelling into consciously fictional [[Four Great Classical Novels|novels]] by the [[Ming_dynasty#Literature_and_arts|Ming dynasty]]. Parallel European developments did not occur for centuries, and awaited the time when the availability of paper allowed similar opportunities for composition and reception, allowing explorations of individualistic subject matter. By contrast, Ibn Tufail's ''Hayy ibn Yaqdhan'' and Ibn al-Nafis' ''Theologus Autodidactus'' are works of didactic philosophy and theology rather than private reading pleasure in the style of popular Western novels. In this sense, ''Hayy ibn Yaqdhan'' would be considered an early example of a [[philosophical novel]], while ''Theologus Autodidactus'' would be considered an early theological novel. ''Hayy ibn Yaqdhan'' is also likely to have influenced [[Daniel Defoe]] with its story of a human outcast surviving on an island (the work was available in a new edition shortly before Defoe began his composition).	+
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