Babylonia
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Babylonia was a state in Lower Mesopotamia (Iraq), with Babylon as its capital. Babylonia emerged when Hammurabi (fl. ca. 1696 – 1654 BC, short chronology) created an empire out of the territories of the former kingdoms of Sumer and Akkad. The Amorites being a Semitic people, Babylonia adopted the written Semitic Akkadian language for official use, and retained the Sumerian language for religious use, which by that time was no longer a spoken language. The Akkadian and Sumerian cultures played a major role in later Babylonian culture, and the region would remain an important cultural center, even under outside rule.
The earliest mention of the city of Babylon can be found in a tablet from the reign of Sargon of Akkad, dating back to the 23rd century BC.
Following the collapse of the last Sumerian "Ur-III" dynasty at the hands of the Elamites (2002 BC traditional, 1940 BC short), the Amorites gained control over most of Mesopotamia, where they formed a series of small kingdoms. During the first centuries of what is called the "Amorite period", the most powerful city states were Isin and Larsa, although Shamshi-Adad I came close to uniting the more northern regions around Assur and Mari. One of these Amorite dynasties was established in the city-state of Babylon, which would ultimately take over the others and form the first Babylonian empire, during what is also called the Old Babylonian Period.
See also
- Ancient Near East
- Assyriology
- Babylonian law
- Babylonian numerals
- Babylonian calendar
- Chaldean mythology
- Chronology of Babylonia and Assyria
- Cuneiform script
- Geography of Mesopotamia
- History of Sumer
- Kings of Babylon
- Social life in Babylonia and Assyria
- Many of these articles were originally based on information from the 1911 edition of Encyclopædia Britannica.
