Art in Nazi Germany
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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The Nazi regime in Germany actively promoted and censored forms of art between 1933 and 1945. Upon becoming dictator in 1933, Adolf Hitler gave his personal artistic preference the force of law to a degree rarely known before. In the case of Germany, the model was to be classical Greek and Roman art, seen by Hitler as an art whose exterior form embodied an inner racial ideal.
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Individual artists forbidden in the Third Reich
Banned in German-occupied Europe and/or living in exile:
- Painters
- Sculptors
- Musicians
- Paul Hindemith
- Otto Klemperer
- Hanns Jelinek
- Ernst Toch
- Arnold Schönberg
- Richard Tauber
- Hanns Eisler (composer)
- Friedrich Hollander (composer)
- Kurt Weill (composer)
- Franz Waxman (composer)
- Karol Rathaus (composer)
- Mischa Spoliansky (composer)
- Architects
- Walter Gropius (founder of Bauhaus)
- Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
- Marcel Breuer
- Writers
- Szymon Askenazy
- Bertolt Brecht
- Hanns Heinz Ewers
- Bruno Frank
- Walter Hasenclever
- Bruno Jasieński
- Janusz Korczak
- Heinrich Mann
- Leo Perutz
- Erich Maria Remarque
- Adolf Rudnicki
- Moses Schorr
- Antoni Słonimski
- Julian Tuwim
- Jakob Wassermann
- Bruno Winawer
- Józef Wittlin
- Stefan Zweig
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- Film actors & actresses, directors & producers
- Fritz Sternberg, director
- Leo Reuss
- Henry Koster
- Fritz Lang, director
- Joe May
- Hans Schwarz
- Ernst Lubitsch
- Karl Freund
- William Dieterle
- Wilhelm Thiele
- E. A. Dupont
- Kurt Bernhardt
- Berthold Viertel
- Robert Wiene
- G. W. Pabst
- Max Ophüls
- Leontine Sagan
- Richard Oswald
- Marlene Dietrich
- Fritz Kortner
- Mady Christians
- Brigitte Helm (guilty of ‘race defilement’ after 1933)<ref name="Hull 1969, p. 127"/>
- Elisabeth Bergner
- Erich Pommer (one of Germany's top 3 pre-Nazi producers)<ref name="Hull_128">Hull 1969, p. 128</ref>
- Max Schach (one of Germany's top 3 pre-Nazi producers)<ref name="Hull_128"/>
- Seymour Nebenzal (one of Germany's top 3 pre-Nazi producers)<ref name="Hull_128"/>
- Reinhold Schünzel
- Frank Wysbar
- Detlef Sierck
- Fritz van Dongen
- Philip Dorn
- Psychologists
- Philosophers & theologians
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See also
- Allach porcelain
- Book burnings
- German art before the Third Reich
- Heroic realism
- Nazi chic
- Nazi control of music
- Nazi propaganda
- Socialist realism
- Wolfgang Herrmann
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