Antoine-Athanase Royer-Collard
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Antoine-Athanase Royer-Collard (February 7, 1768 - November 27, 1825) was a French physician who was born in the village of Sompuis, département Marne. He was a younger brother to philosopher Pierre-Paul Royer-Collard (1763-1845).
He studied medicine in Paris, and in 1806 became chief physician at the Charenton mental asylum. In 1816 he became a professor of forensic medicine at the Faculté de Médecine de Paris, and in 1819 was appointed to the first chair of médecine mentale.
In 1803 Royer-Collard founded the periodical, Bibliothèque médicale. After his death in 1825, his position at the Charenton was filled by Jean-Etienne-Dominique Esquirol (1772-1840).
One of his famous patients at the Charenton was Donatien Alphonse François de Sade (1740-1814), better known as Marquis de Sade, who spent the last eleven years of his life incarcerated at the asylum. Royer-Collard protested against the imprisonment of Marquis de Sade at the Charenton, believing him to be sane, and his only madness being vice.