Academic discipline  

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-{{Template}}+#redirect[[University]]
-An '''academic discipline''', or '''field of study''', is a branch of [[knowledge]] that is [[teaching|taught]] and [[research]]ed at the college or university level. Disciplines are defined (in part) and recognized by the [[academic journal]]s in which research is published, and the [[learned society|learned societies]] and [[academia|academic]] departments or faculties to which their practitioners belong.+
- +
-However, there exists no formal criteria for when educational programs and scholarly journals form an academic discipline. A huge difference exists between well established disciplines that exist in almost all universities all over the world having a long history, and well established set of journals and conferences, on the other hand, suggestions for new fields supported only by few universities and publications.+
-Fields of study usually have several sub-disciplines or branches and the distinguishing lines between these are often both arbitrary and ambiguous.+
- +
-== Overview ==+
-The [[University of Paris]] in 1231 consisted of four [[Faculty (division)|faculties]]: [[Theology]], [[Medicine]], [[Canon Law]] and [[Liberal Arts|Arts]]. Most academic disciplines have their roots in the mid-to-late-19th century [[secularization]] of universities, when the traditional [[curriculum|curricula]] were supplemented with non-classical languages and [[literatures]], [[social sciences]] such as [[political science]], [[economics]], [[sociology]] and [[public administration]], and [[natural science]] and [[technology]] disciplines such as [[physics]], [[chemistry]], [[biology]], and [[engineering]].+
- +
-In the early 20th century, new disciplines such as [[education]] and [[psychology]] were added. In the 1970s and 1980s, there was an explosion of new disciplines focusing on specific themes, such as [[media studies]], [[women's studies]], and [[black studies]]. Many disciplines designed as preparation for careers and professions, such as [[nursing]], [[Hospitality management studies|hospitality management]], and [[corrections]], also emerged in the universities. Finally, interdisciplinary scientific fields such as [[biochemistry]] and [[geophysics]] gained prominence as their contribution to knowledge became widely recognized.+
- +
-There is no consensus on how some academic disciplines should be classified, ''e.g.'', whether [[anthropology]] and [[linguistics]] are [[social sciences]] disciplines or [[humanities]] disciplines. More generally, the proper criteria for organizing knowledge into disciplines are also open to debate.+
- +
-An asterisk (*) denotes a field whose academic status has been debated among this article's editors.+
- +
-== Humanities ==+
- +
-=== History ===+
-* [[African history]]+
-* [[American history]]+
-* [[Ancient history]]+
-* [[History of Asia]]+
-* [[History of Europe]]+
-* [[History of China|Chinese history]]+
-* [[Cultural history]]+
-* [[Diplomatic history]]+
-* [[Economic history]]+
-* [[Ethnohistory]]+
-* [[Ancient Greece|Greek History]] ([[Outline of ancient Greece#General history of ancient Greece|outline]])+
-* [[History of science and technology]]+
-* [[History of Iran|Iranian History]]+
-* [[History of India|Indian History]]+
-* [[History of Indonesia|Indonesian History]]+
-* [[Intellectual history]]+
-* [[Military history]]+
-* [[Modern history]]+
-* [[World history]]+
- +
-=== Linguistics ===+
-* [[Languages]]+
-** [[Classical language]]+
-** [[Standard English]]*+
-** [[Business English]]*+
-** [[New Englishes|World Englishes]]*+
-** [[Modern language]]+
-* [[Applied Linguistics]]+
-* [[Computational linguistics]] / [[Natural language processing]]+
-* [[Discourse analysis]]+
-* [[Etymology]]+
-* [[Historical linguistics]]+
-* [[History of linguistics]]+
-* [[Interlinguistics]]+
-* [[Morphology (linguistics)|Morphology]]+
-* [[Philology]]+
-* [[Phonetics]]+
-* [[Phonology]]+
-* [[Pragmatics]]+
-* [[Semantics]]+
-* [[Semiotics]]+
-* [[Sociolinguistics]]+
-* [[Syntax]]+
-* [[Composition studies]]+
-* [[Rhetoric#Modern rhetoric|Rhetoric]]+
- +
- +
-=== Literature ===+
-* [[World literature]]s+
-** [[Arabic literature]]+
-** [[Argentine literature]]+
-** [[Bengali literature]]+
-** [[Bulgarian literature]]+
-** [[Bosnian literature]]+
-** [[Classics]]+
-** [[Comparative literature]]+
-** [[Chinese literature]]+
-** [[English literature]]+
-*** [[American literature]]+
-**** [[African American literature]]+
-**** [[Asian American literature]]+
-**** [[Jewish American literature]]+
-**** [[Southern literature]]+
-*** [[Australian literature]]+
-*** [[British literature]]+
-**** [[Scottish literature]]+
-**** [[Literature of Wales (English language)|Welsh literature]]+
-*** [[Canadian literature]]+
-*** [[Indian literature]]+
-*** [[Irish literature]]+
-*** [[New Zealand literature]]+
-*** [[Medieval literature]]+
-*** [[Post-colonial literature]]+
-*** [[Post-modern literature]]+
-*** [[Caribbean literature|West Indian literature]]+
-** [[French literature]]+
-** [[Gaelic literature]]+
-** [[German literature]] and [[Austrian literature]]+
-** [[Hebrew literature]]+
-** [[Hindi literature]]+
-** [[Italian literature]]+
-** [[Japanese literature]]+
-** [[Kannada literature]]+
-** [[Korean literature]]+
-** [[Latin American literature]]+
-** [[Nigerian literature]]+
-** [[Oriya literature]]+
-** [[Pashto literature]]+
-** [[Persian literature]]+
-** [[Polish literature]]+
-** [[Philippine literature]]+
-** [[Portuguese literature|Portuguese]] and [[Brazilian literature]]+
-** [[Russian literature]]+
-** [[Serbian literature]]+
-** [[Spanish literature]]+
-** [[Yiddish literature]]+
-** [[Tamil literature]]+
-** [[Literature of Wales (Welsh language)|Welsh Literature]]+
-* [[Literary theory]]+
-** [[Critical theory]]+
-** [[Literary criticism]]+
-** [[Poetics]]+
-** [[Rhetoric]]+
-* [[Creative writing]]+
-** [[Creative nonfiction]]+
-** [[Fiction]] writing+
-** [[Non-fiction]] writing+
-** [[Literary journalism]]+
-** [[Poetry]] composition+
-** [[Screenwriting]]+
-** [[Playwrighting]]+
- +
-=== Performing arts ===+
-* [[Arts administration]]+
-* [[Music]] ([[Outline of music|outline]])+
-** [[Accompaniment|Accompanying]]+
-** [[Chamber music]]+
-** [[Church music]]+
-** [[Musical composition]]+
-** [[Conducting]]+
-*** [[Choir|Choral conducting]]+
-*** [[Orchestra|Orchestral conducting]]+
-*** [[Concert band|Wind ensemble conducting]]+
-** [[Early music]]+
-** [[Jazz|Jazz studies]]+
-** [[Music education]]+
-** [[Music history]]+
-** [[Music theory]]+
-** [[Musicology]]+
-*** [[Music history|Historical musicology]]+
-*** [[Systematic musicology]]+
-*** [[Ethnomusicology]]+
-** [[Performance]] and [[literature]]+
-*** [[Organ (music)|Organ]] and [[Keyboard instrument|historical keyboards]]+
-*** [[Piano]]+
-*** [[String instrument|Strings]], [[harp]], and [[guitar]] ([[Outline of guitars|outline]])+
-*** [[Singing]]+
-*** [[Woodwind instrument|Woodwinds]], [[Brass instrument|brass]], and [[Percussion instrument|percussion]]+
-** [[Recording]]+
-** [[Orchestra|Orchestral studies]]+
-* [[Dance]] ([[Outline of dance|outline]])+
-** [[Choreography]]+
-** [[Dance notation]]+
-** [[Ethnochoreology]]+
-** [[History of dance]]+
-* [[Theatre]] ([[Outline of theatre|outline]])+
-** [[History of theater|History]]+
-** [[Acting]]+
-** [[Theatre director|Directing]]+
-** [[Scenic design|Stage design]]+
-** [[Dramaturgy]]+
-** [[Playwrighting]]+
-** [[Scenography]]+
-** [[Musical theatre]]+
-* [[Film studies|Film]] ([[Outline of film|outline]])+
-** [[Animation]]+
-** [[Live-action]]+
-** [[Filmmaking]]+
-** [[Film criticism]]+
-** [[Film theory]]+
-* [[Oral literature]]+
-** [[Public speaking]]+
-** [[Performance poetry]]+
-** [[Storytelling]]+
- +
-=== Philosophy ===+
- +
-* [[Meta-philosophy]]+
-* [[Metaphysics]]+
-** [[Ontology]]+
-** [[Teleology]]+
-** [[Philosophy of mind]]+
-*** [[Philosophy of artificial intelligence]]+
-*** [[Philosophy of perception]]+
-*** [[Pain (philosophy)|Philosophy of pain]]+
-** [[Philosophy of space and time]]+
-** [[Action (philosophy)|Philosophy of Action]]+
-* [[Epistemology]] ([[Outline of epistemology|outline]])+
-* [[Ethics]] ([[Outline of ethics|outline]])+
-** [[Normative ethics]]+
-** [[Meta-ethics]]+
-** [[Value theory]]+
-** [[Moral psychology]]+
-** [[Applied ethics]]+
-*** [[Animal rights]]+
-*** [[Bioethics]]+
-*** [[Environmental ethics]]+
-*[[Aesthetics]] ([[Outline of aesthetics|outline]])/[[Philosophy of Art]]+
-* [[Social philosophy]] and [[political philosophy]]+
-** [[Feminist philosophy]]+
-** [[Anarchism]] ([[Outline of anarchism|outline]])+
-** [[Marxism]]+
-* [[Philosophical movement|Philosophical traditions and schools]]+
-** [[African philosophy]]+
-** [[Platonism]]+
-** [[Aristotelianism]]+
-** [[Analytic philosophy]]+
-** [[Continental philosophy]]+
-** [[Eastern philosophy]]+
-** [[Feminist philosophy]]+
-* [[History of philosophy]]+
-** [[Ancient philosophy]]+
-** [[Medieval philosophy]]+
-*** [[Scholasticism]]+
-*** [[Humanism]] ([[Outline of humanism|outline]])+
-** [[Modern philosophy]]+
-** [[Contemporary philosophy]]+
-* [[Logic]] ([[Outline of logic|outline]])+
-** [[Philosophical logic]]+
-** [[Mathematical logic]]+
-* [[Philosophy#Applied philosophy|Applied philosophy]]+
-** [[Philosophy of education]]+
-** [[Philosophy of history]]+
-** [[Philosophy of religion]]+
-** [[Philosophy of language]]+
-** [[Philosophy of law]]+
-** [[Philosophy of mathematics]]+
-** [[Philosophy of music]]+
-** [[Philosophy of science]]+
-*** [[Philosophy of social science]]+
-*** [[Philosophy of physics]]+
-*** [[Philosophy of biology]]+
-*** [[Philosophy of chemistry|Philosophy of Chemistry]]+
-*** [[Philosophy and economics|Philosophy of economics]]+
-*** [[Philosophy of psychology|Philosophy of Psychology]]+
-** [[Philosophy of engineering]]+
-** [[Systems philosophy]]+
- +
-=== Religion ===+
-* [[Abrahamic religions]]+
-**[[Baha'i Faith]]+
-** [[Christianity]] ([[Outline of Christianity|outline]])+
-*** [[Christian theology]] ([[Outline of Christian theology|outline]])+
-**** [[Biblical theology|Bibliology]]+
-**** [[Hermeneutics]]+
-**** [[Theology Proper]]+
-***** [[Christology]]+
-***** [[Pneumatology]]+
-***** [[Demonology]]+
-**** [[Theological anthropology]]+
-**** [[Soteriology]]+
-**** [[Biblical law in Christianity|Nomology]]+
-**** [[Ecclesiology]]+
-**** [[Eschatology]]+
-**** [[Christian ethics]]+
-** [[Islam]] ([[Outline of Islam|outline]])/ [[Islamic studies]]+
-** [[Judaism]] ([[Outline of Judaism|outline]])/ [[Jewish studies]]+
-* [[Indian religions]]+
-** [[Buddhism]] ([[Outline of Buddhism|outline]])/ [[Buddhist Studies]]+
-** [[Hinduism]] ([[Outline of Hinduism|outline]])+
-** [[Jainism]]+
-** [[Sikhism]] ([[Outline of Sikhism|outline]])+
-* [[East Asian religions]]+
-** [[Chinese folk religion]]+
-** [[Confucianism]]+
-** [[Shinto]]+
-** [[Daoism]]+
-** [[I-Kuan Tao]]+
-** [[Caodaism]]+
-** [[Chondogyo]]+
-** [[Tenrikyo]]+
-** [[Oomoto]]+
-* Other religions+
-** [[Religion in Africa|African religions]]+
-** [[Ancient Egyptian religion]]+
-** [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American religions]]+
-** [[Gnosticism]]+
-** [[Western Esotericism (academia)|Esotericism]]+
-** [[New religious movements]]+
-** [[Sumerian religion]]+
-** [[Zoroastrianism]]+
-* [[Comparative religion]]+
-* [[Mythology]] and [[Folklore]]+
-* [[Irreligion]]+
-** [[Agnostic]]ism+
-** [[Atheism]] ([[Outline of atheism|outline]]) and [[religious humanism]]+
- +
-=== Visual arts ===+
-* [[Art history]]+
-* [[Calligraphy]]+
-* [[Connoisseurship]]+
-* [[Creative arts]]+
-* [[Drawing]] ([[Outline of drawing and drawings|outline]])+
-* [[Fine arts]]+
-* [[Painting]] ([[Outline of painting|outline]])+
-* [[Filmmaking]]+
-* [[Photography]] ([[Outline of photography|outline]])+
-* [[Mixed Media]]+
-* [[Printmaking]]+
-* [[Studio art]]+
-* [[Sculpture]] ([[Outline of sculpture|outline]])+
-* [[Art conservation]]+
- +
-== Social sciences ==+
- +
-=== Anthropology ===+
-* [[Biological anthropology]]+
-** [[Forensic anthropology]]+
-** [[Dual inheritance theory|Gene-culture coevolution]]+
-** [[Human behavioral ecology]]+
-** [[Human evolution]]+
-** [[Medical anthropology]]+
-** [[Paleoanthropology]]+
-** [[Population genetics]]+
-** [[Primatology]]+
-* [[Anthropological linguistics]]+
-** [[Descriptive linguistics|Synchronic linguistics]] (or [[Descriptive linguistics]])+
-** [[Diachronic linguistics]] (or [[Historical linguistics]])+
-** [[Ethnolinguistics]]+
-** [[Sociolinguistics]]+
-* [[Cultural anthropology]]+
-** [[Anthropology of religion]]+
-** [[Economic anthropology]]+
-** [[Ethnography]]+
-** [[Ethnohistory]]+
-** [[Ethnology]]+
-** [[Ethnomusicology]]+
-** [[Folklore]]+
-** [[Mythology]]+
-** [[Missiology]]+
-** [[Political anthropology]]+
-** [[Psychological anthropology]]+
- +
-=== Archaeology ===+
-* [[Classical archaeology]]+
-* [[Egyptology]]+
-* [[Experimental archaeology]]+
-* [[Maritime archaeology]]+
-* [[Near Eastern archaeology]]+
-* [[Paleoanthropology]]+
-* [[Prehistoric archaeology]]+
- +
-=== Area studies ===+
-{{Main|Area studies}}+
-* [[African studies]]+
-* [[American studies]]+
-** [[Appalachian studies]]+
-** [[Canadian studies]]+
-** [[Latin American studies]]+
-* [[Asian studies]]+
-** [[Indology]] (Indian studies)+
-** [[Iranian studies]]+
-** [[Japanology]] (Japanese studies)+
-** [[Korean studies]]+
-** [[Sinology]] ([[Outline of sinology|outline]]) (Chinese studies)+
-** [[Southeast Asian studies]]+
-* [[European studies]]+
-** [[Celtic studies]]+
-** [[German studies]]+
-** [[Scandinavian studies]]+
-** [[Slavic studies]]+
-* [[Australian studies]]+
-* [[Middle East studies]]+
- +
-=== Cultural and ethnic studies ===+
-* [[Asian studies]]+
-* [[Asian American studies]]+
-* [[Black studies]] or [[African American studies]]+
-* [[Chicano studies]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Childhood studies]]+
-* [[Disability studies]]+
-* [[Latino studies]]+
-* [[Native American studies]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Economics ===+
- +
-* [[Agricultural economics]]+
-* [[Behavioral economics]]+
-* [[Bioeconomics (biophysical)|Bioeconomics]]+
-* [[Complexity economics]]+
-* [[Computational economics]]+
-* [[Consumer economics]]+
-* [[Development economics]]+
-* [[Ecological economics]]+
-* [[Econometrics]]+
-* [[Economic geography]]+
-* [[Economic history]]+
-* [[Economic sociology]]+
-* [[Economic systems]]+
-* [[Energy economics]]+
-* [[Entrepreneurial economics]]+
-* [[Environmental economics]]+
-* [[Evolutionary economics]]+
-* [[Experimental economics]]+
-* [[Feminist economics]]+
-* [[Financial economics]]+
-* [[Financial econometrics]]+
-* [[Game theory]]+
-* [[Green economics]]+
-* [[Economic growth|Growth economics]]+
-* [[Human development theory]]+
-{{col-2}}+
-* [[Industrial organization]]+
-* [[Information economics]]+
-* [[Institutional economics]]+
-* [[International economics]]+
-* [[Islamic economics]]+
-* [[Labor economics]]+
-* [[Law and economics]]+
-* [[Macroeconomics]]+
-* [[Managerial economics]]+
-* [[Mathematical economics]]+
-* [[Microeconomics]]+
-* [[Monetary economics]]+
-* [[Neuroeconomics]]+
-* [[Political economy]]+
-* [[Public finance]]+
-* [[Public economics]]+
-* [[Real estate economics]]+
-* [[Resource economics]]+
-* [[Social choice theory]]+
-* [[Socialist economics]]+
-* [[Socioeconomics]]+
-* [[Transport economics]]+
-* [[Welfare economics]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Gender and sexuality studies ===+
- +
-* [[Feminine psychology]]+
-* [[Gender studies]]/[[Gender theory]]+
-* [[Heterosexism]]+
-* [[Human sexual behavior]]+
-* [[Human sexuality]] ([[Outline of human sexuality|outline]])+
-* [[Masculine psychology]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Men's studies]]+
-* [[Queer studies]]/[[Queer theory]]+
-* [[Sex education]]+
-* [[Sexology]]+
-* [[Women's studies]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Geography ===+
- +
-* [[Cartography]] ([[Outline of cartography|outline]])+
-* [[Human geography]]+
-** [[Cultural geography]]+
-*** [[Feminist geography]]+
-** [[Economic geography]]+
-*** [[Development geography]]+
-** [[Historical geography]]+
-** [[Time geography]]+
-** [[Political geography]] & [[geopolitics]]+
-*** [[Military geography]]+
-*** [[Strategic geography]]+
-** [[Population geography]]+
-** [[Social geography]]+
-*** [[Behavioral geography]]+
-*** [[Children's geographies]]+
-*** [[Health geography]]+
-*** [[Tourism geography]]+
-** [[Urban geography]]+
-{{col-2}}+
-* [[Environmental geography]]+
-* [[Physical geography]]+
-** [[Biogeography]]+
-** [[Climatology]]+
-***[[Palaeoclimatology]]+
-** [[Coastal geography]]+
-** [[Geomorphology]]+
-** [[Geodesy]]+
-** [[Hydrology]]/[[Hydrography]]+
-*** [[Glaciology]]+
-*** [[Limnology]]+
-*** [[Oceanography]]+
-** [[Landscape ecology]]+
-** [[Palaeogeography]]+
-* [[Regional geography]]+
-* [[Remote Sensing]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Political science ===+
- +
-* [[American politics]]+
-* [[Canadian politics]]+
-* [[Civics]]+
-* [[Comparative politics]]+
-* [[Geopolitics]] (Political geography)+
-* [[International relations]]+
-* [[International organizations]]+
-* [[Nationalism studies]]+
-* [[Peace and conflict studies]]+
-* [[Policy studies]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Political behavior]]+
-* [[Political culture]]+
-* [[Political economy]]+
-* [[Political history]]+
-* [[Political philosophy]]+
-* [[Psephology]]+
-* [[Public administration]]+
-** [[Nonprofit|Nonprofit administration]]+
-** [[Non-governmental organization|Non-governmental organization (NGO) administration]]+
-* [[Public policy]]+
-* [[Social choice theory]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Psychology ===+
- +
-* [[Abnormal psychology]]+
-* [[Applied psychology]]+
-* [[Biological psychology]]+
-* [[Clinical psychology]]+
-* [[Cognitive psychology]]+
-* [[Community psychology]]+
-* [[Comparative psychology]]+
-* [[Conservation Psychology]]+
-* [[Consumer psychology]]+
-* [[Counseling psychology]]+
-* [[Cultural psychology]]+
-* [[Differential psychology]]+
-* [[Developmental psychology]]+
-* [[Educational psychology]]+
-* [[Environmental psychology]]+
-* [[Evolutionary psychology]]+
-* [[Experimental psychology]]+
-* [[Forensic psychology]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Health psychology]]+
-* [[Legal psychology]]+
-* [[Media psychology]]+
-* [[Medical psychology]]+
-* [[Military psychology]]+
-* [[Neuropsychology]]+
-* [[Occupational health psychology]]+
-* [[Industrial and organizational psychology|Organizational psychology]]+
-* [[Parapsychology]] ([[Outline of parapsychology|outline]])+
-* [[Personality psychology]]+
-* [[Political psychology]]+
-* [[Positive psychology]]+
-* [[Psychometrics]]+
-* [[Psychology of religion]]+
-* [[Psychophysics]]+
-* [[Quantitative psychology]]+
-* [[School psychology]]+
-* [[Social psychology (psychology)|Social psychology]]+
-* [[Sport psychology]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Sociology ===+
- +
- +
-* [[Applied sociology]]+
-** [[Political sociology]]+
-** [[Public sociology]]+
-** [[Social engineering (political science)|Social engineering]]+
-** [[Leisure studies]]+
-* [[Collective behavior]]+
-** [[Social movements]]+
-* [[Community informatics]]+
-** [[Social network analysis]]+
-* [[Comparative sociology]]+
-* [[Conflict theory]]+
-* [[Cultural studies]]+
-* [[Criminology]]/[[Criminal justice]] ([[Outline of criminal justice|outline]])+
-* [[Critical management studies]]+
-* [[Demography]]/[[Population]]+
-* [[Environmental sociology]]+
-* [[Feminist sociology]]+
-* [[Futures studies]] ([[Outline of futures studies|outline]])+
-* [[Human ecology]]+
-* [[Interactionism]]+
-** [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|Phenomenology]]+
-** [[Ethnomethodology]]+
-** [[Symbolic interactionism]]+
-** [[Social constructionism]]+
-* [[Medical sociology]]+
-* [[Military sociology]]+
-* [[Organizational studies]]+
-* [[Science studies]]/[[Science and technology studies]]+
-* [[Sexology]]+
-* [[Social capital]]+
-{{col-2}}+
-* [[Social control]]+
-** [[Pure sociology]]+
-* [[Social economy]]+
-* [[Social philosophy]]+
-* [[Social psychology]]+
-* [[Social policy]]+
-* [[Social research]]+
-** [[Computational sociology]]+
-** [[Economic sociology]]/[[Socioeconomics]]+
-*** [[Economic development]]+
-*** [[Social development]]+
-* [[Sociology of culture]]+
-* [[Sociology of deviance]]+
-* [[Sociology of education]]+
-* [[Sociology of gender]]+
-* [[Sociology of the family]]+
-* [[Sociology of knowledge]]+
-* [[Sociology of law]]+
-* [[Sociology of religion]]+
-* [[Sociology of sport]]+
-* [[Sociology of work]]+
-* [[Social theory]]+
-* [[Social stratification]]+
-* [[Sociological theory]]+
-* [[Sociobiology]]+
-* [[Sociocybernetics]]+
-* [[Sociolinguistics]]+
-* [[Urban studies]] or [[Urban sociology]]/[[Rural sociology]]+
-* [[Visual sociology]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-== Natural sciences ==+
- +
- +
-=== Space sciences ===+
-* [[Astrobiology]]+
-* [[Astronomy]] ([[Outline of astronomy|outline]])+
-** [[Observational astronomy]]+
-*** [[Radio astronomy]]+
-*** [[Timeline of cosmic microwave background astronomy|Microwave astronomy]]+
-*** [[Infrared astronomy]]+
-*** [[Optical astronomy]]+
-*** [[UV astronomy]]+
-*** [[X-ray astronomy]]+
-*** [[Gamma ray astronomy]]+
-* [[Astrophysics]]+
-** [[Gravity|Gravitational astronomy]]+
-*** [[Black hole]]s+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-** [[Interstellar medium]]+
-** [[Direct numerical simulation|Numerical simulations]] in+
-*** [[Astrophysical plasma]]+
-*** [[Galaxy formation and evolution]]+
-*** [[High-energy astronomy|High-energy astrophysics]]+
-*** [[Hydrodynamics]]+
-*** [[Magnetohydrodynamics]]+
-*** [[Star formation]]+
-** [[Physical cosmology]]+
-** [[Star|Stellar astrophysics]]+
-*** [[Helioseismology]]+
-*** [[Stellar evolution]]+
-*** [[Stellar nucleosynthesis]]+
-* [[Planetary science]] (alternatively, a part of [[earth science]])+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Earth sciences ===+
- +
-* [[Edaphology]]+
-* [[Environmental science]]+
-* [[Environmental chemistry]]+
-* [[Gemology]]+
-* [[Geodesy]]+
-* [[Geography]] ([[Outline of geography|outline]])+
-* [[Geology]] ([[Outline of geology|outline]])+
-* [[Geochemistry]]+
-* [[Geomorphology]]+
-* [[Geophysics]] ([[Outline of geophysics|outline]])+
-* [[Glaciology]]+
-* [[Hydrogeology]]+
-* [[Hydrology]] ([[Outline of hydrology|outline]])+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Meteorology]] ([[Outline of meteorology|outline]])+
-* [[Mineralogy]]+
-* [[Oceanography]] ([[Outline of oceanography|outline]])+
-* [[Pedology (soil study)|Pedology]]+
-* [[Paleontology]]+
-** [[Paleobiology]]+
-* [[Planetary science]] (alternatively, a part of [[space science]])+
-* [[Sedimentology]]+
-* [[Soil science]]+
-* [[Speleology]]+
-* [[Tectonics]]+
-* [[Volcanology]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Life sciences ===+
-{{Main|Life sciences}}+
-:''See also [[List of biology disciplines|Branches of life sciences]]''+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Biochemistry]] ([[Outline of biochemistry|outline]])+
-* [[Bioinformatics]]+
-* [[Biotechnology]] ([[Outline of biotechnology|outline]])+
-* [[Biology]] ([[Outline of biology|outline]])+
-** [[Aerobiology]]+
-** [[Anatomy]]+
-*** [[Comparative anatomy]]+
-*** [[Human anatomy]] ([[Outline of human anatomy|outline]])+
-** [[Botany]] ([[Outline of botany|outline]])+
-*** [[Ethnobotany]]+
-*** [[Phycology]]+
-** [[Cell biology]] ([[Outline of cell biology|outline]])+
-** [[Chronobiology]]+
-** [[Computational biology]]+
-** [[Cryobiology]]+
-** [[Developmental biology]]+
-*** [[Embryology]]+
-*** [[Teratology]]+
-** [[Ecology]] ([[Outline of ecology|outline]])+
-*** [[Agroecology]]+
-*** [[Ethnoecology]]+
-*** [[Human ecology]]+
-*** [[Landscape ecology]]+
-** [[Genetics]] ([[Outline of genetics|outline]])+
-*** [[Behavioural genetics]]+
-*** [[Molecular genetics]]+
-*** [[Population genetics]]+
-** [[Endocrinology]]+
-** [[Evolutionary biology]]+
-** [[Human biology]]+
-** [[Immunology]]+
-** [[Marine biology]]+
-** [[Mathematical biology]]+
-** [[Microbiology]]+
-** [[Molecular biology]]+
-** [[Nutrition]] ([[Outline of nutrition|outline]])+
-** [[Neuroscience]] ([[Outline of neuroscience|outline]])+
-***[[Behavioral neuroscience]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-** [[Paleobiology]]+
-*** [[Paleontology]]+
-** [[Systems biology]]+
-** [[Virology]]+
-*** [[Molecular virology]]+
-** [[Xenobiology]]+
-** [[Zoology]] ([[Outline of zoology|outline]])+
-*** [[Animal communication]]s+
-*** [[Arachnology]]+
-*** [[Carcinology]]+
-*** [[Entomology]]+
-*** [[Ethnozoology]]+
-*** [[Ethology]]+
-*** [[Herpetology]]+
-*** [[Ichthyology]]+
-*** [[Oology]]+
-*** [[Ornithology]]+
-*** [[Primatology]]+
-*** [[Zootomy]]+
-* [[Biophysics]] ([[Outline of biophysics|outline]])+
-* [[Limnology]]+
-* [[Linnaean taxonomy]]+
-* [[Mycology]]+
-* [[Parasitology]]+
-* [[Pathology]]+
-* [[Physiology]]+
-** [[Human physiology]]+
-*** [[Exercise physiology]]+
-* [[Systematics]] ([[Taxonomy (general)|Taxonomy]])+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Chemistry ===+
-{{Main|Chemistry|Outline of chemistry}}+
-:''See also [[Pure chemistry|Branches of chemistry]]''+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Agrochemistry]]+
-* [[Analytical chemistry]]+
-* [[Astrochemistry]]+
-* [[Atmospheric chemistry]]+
-* [[Biochemistry]] ([[Outline of biochemistry|outline]])+
-* [[Chemical engineering]]+
-* [[Chemical biology]]+
-* [[Cheminformatics]]+
-* [[Computational chemistry]]+
-* [[Cosmochemistry]]+
-* [[Electrochemistry]]+
-* [[Environmental chemistry]]+
-* [[Femtochemistry]]+
-* [[Flavor]]+
-* [[Flow chemistry]]+
-* [[Geochemistry]]+
-* [[Green chemistry]]+
-* [[Histochemistry]]+
-* [[Hydrogenation]]+
-* [[Immunochemistry]]+
-* [[Inorganic chemistry]]+
-* [[Marine chemistry]]+
-* [[Materials science]]+
-* [[Mathematical chemistry]]+
-* [[Mechanochemistry]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Medicinal chemistry]]+
-* [[Molecular biology]]+
-* [[Molecular mechanics]]+
-* [[Nanotechnology]]+
-* [[Natural product chemistry]]+
-* [[Neurochemistry]]+
-* [[Oenology]]+
-* [[Organic chemistry]] ([[Outline of organic chemistry|outline]])+
-* [[Organometallic chemistry]]+
-* [[Petrochemistry]]+
-* [[Pharmacology]]+
-* [[Photochemistry]] +
-* [[Physical chemistry]]+
-* [[Physical organic chemistry]]+
-* [[Phytochemistry]]+
-* [[Polymer chemistry]]+
-* [[Quantum chemistry]]+
-* [[Radiochemistry]]+
-* [[Solid-state chemistry]]+
-* [[Sonochemistry]]+
-* [[Supramolecular chemistry]]+
-* [[Surface chemistry]]+
-* [[Synthetic chemistry]]+
-* [[Theoretical chemistry]]+
-* [[Thermochemistry]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Physics ===+
-{{Main|Physics|Outline of physics}}+
-:''See also [[List of basic physics topics|Branches of physics]]''+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Acoustics]]+
-* [[Applied Physics]]+
-* [[Astrophysics]]+
-* [[Atomic, molecular, and optical physics]]+
-* [[Biophysics]] ([[Outline of biophysics]])+
-* [[Computational physics]]+
-* [[Condensed matter physics]]+
-* [[Cryogenics]]+
-* [[Electromagnetism]]+
-* [[Elementary particle physics]]+
-* [[Fluid dynamics]]+
-* [[Geophysics]] ([[Outline of geophysics|outline]])+
-* [[Materials science]]+
-* [[Mathematical physics]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Medical physics]]+
-* [[Mechanics]]+
-* [[Molecular physics]]+
-* [[Newton's laws of motion|Newtonian dynamics]]+
-* [[Nuclear physics]]+
-* [[Optics]]+
-* [[Plasma physics]]+
-* [[Quantum physics]]+
-* [[Solid mechanics]]+
-* [[Solid state physics]]+
-* [[Statistical mechanics]]+
-* [[Theoretical physics]]+
-* [[Thermodynamics]]+
-* [[Vehicle dynamics]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-== Formal sciences ==+
-{{Main|Formal sciences}}+
- +
-=== Computer sciences ===+
-{{Main|Computer sciences|Outline of computer science}}+
-:''See also [[ACM Computing Classification System]]''+
- +
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Theory of computation]]+
-** [[Automata theory]] ([[Formal languages]])+
-** [[Computability theory (computer science)|Computability theory]]+
-** [[Computational complexity theory]]+
-** [[Concurrency (computer science)#Theory|Concurrency theory]]+
-* [[Algorithm]]s+
-** [[Randomized algorithms]]+
-** [[Distributed algorithms]]+
-** [[Parallel algorithms]]+
-** [[Computational geometry]]+
-* [[Data structures]]+
-* [[Computer architecture]]+
-** [[Very-large-scale integration|VLSI design]]+
-* [[Operating systems]]+
-* [[Computer networking|Computer communications (networks)]]+
-** [[Information theory]]+
-** [[Internet]], [[World wide web]]+
-** [[Wireless computing]] ([[Mobile computing]])+
-** [[Ubiquitous computing]]+
-** [[Cloud computing]]+
-* [[Computer security]] and [[High availability|reliability]]+
-** [[Cryptography]]+
-** [[Fault-tolerant system|Fault-tolerant computing]]+
-* [[Distributed computing]]+
-** [[Grid computing]]+
-* [[Parallel computing]]+
-** [[High-performance computing]]+
-* [[Quantum computing]]+
-* [[Computer graphics]]+
-** [[Image processing]]+
-** [[Scientific visualization]]+
-* [[Software engineering]]+
-** [[Formal methods]] ([[Formal verification]])+
-* [[Programming languages]]+
-** [[Programming paradigms]]+
-*** [[Imperative programming]]+
-*** [[Object-oriented programming]]+
-*** [[Functional programming]]+
-*** [[Logic programming]]+
-*** [[Concurrent programming language|Concurrent programming]]+
-** [[Program semantics]]+
-** [[Type theory]]+
-** [[Compilers]]+
-* [[Human-computer interaction]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Information science]]+
-** [[Data management]]+
-** [[Data mining]]+
-** [[Database]] ([[Outline of databases|outline]])+
-*** [[Relational database]]+
-*** [[Distributed database]]+
-*** [[Object database]]+
-** [[Information retrieval]]+
-** [[Information management]]+
-** [[Knowledge management]]+
-** [[Multimedia]], [[hypermedia]]+
-*** [[Sound and music computing]]+
-* [[Artificial intelligence]] ([[Outline of artificial intelligence|outline]])+
-** [[Cognitive science]]+
-*** [[Automated reasoning]]+
-*** [[Machine learning]]+
-**** [[Artificial neural network]]+
-**** [[Support vector machine]]+
-*** [[Natural language processing]] ([[Computational linguistics]])+
-*** [[Computer vision]]+
-** [[Expert systems]]+
-** [[Robotics]] ([[Outline of robotics|outline]])+
-* Computing in [[Mathematics]], [[Natural sciences]], [[Engineering]] and [[Medicine]]+
-** [[Numerical analysis]]+
-** [[Symbolic computation|Algebraic (symbolic) computation]]+
-** [[Computational number theory]]+
-** [[Computational mathematics]]+
-** [[Scientific computing|Scientific computing (Computational science)]]+
-** [[Computational biology|Computational biology (bioinformatics)]]+
-** [[Computational physics]]+
-** [[Computational chemistry]]+
-** [[Computational neuroscience]]+
-** [[Computer-aided engineering]]+
-*** [[Finite element analysis]]+
-*** [[Computational fluid dynamics]]+
-* Computing in [[Social sciences]], [[Arts]] and [[Humanities]], [[Professions]]+
-** [[Computational economics]]+
-** [[Computational sociology]]+
-** [[Computational finance]]+
-** [[The Digital Humanities]] (Humanities computing)+
-* Computer and society+
-** [[History of computer hardware]]+
-** [[History of computer science]] ([[Outline of computer science#History of computer science|outline]])+
-** [[Humanistic informatics]]+
-** [[Community informatics]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Logic ===+
-{{Main|Logic|Outline of logic}}+
-{{col-begin}}+
-{{col-3}}+
-* [[Mathematical logic]]+
-** [[Set theory]]+
-** [[Proof theory]]+
-** [[Model theory]]+
-** [[Recursion theory]]+
-** [[Modal logic]]+
-** [[Intuitionistic logic]]+
-{{col-3}}+
-* [[Philosophical logic]]+
-**[[Logical reasoning]]+
-**[[Modal logic]]+
-***[[Deontic logic]]+
-***[[Doxastic logic]]+
-{{col-3}}+
-*[[Logic in computer science]]+
-**[[Formal semantics of programming languages|Programming language semantics]]+
-**[[Formal methods]] ([[Formal verification]])+
-**[[Type theory]]+
-**[[Logic programming]]+
-**[[Multi-valued logic]]+
-***[[Fuzzy logic]]+
-{{Col-end}}+
- +
-=== Mathematics ===+
-{{Main|Mathematics|Outline of mathematics}}+
-:''See also [[Areas of mathematics|Branches of mathematics]] and AMS [http://www.ams.org/msc/ Mathematics Subject Classification]''+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Algebra]] ([[Outline of algebra|outline]])+
-** [[Group theory]]+
-*** [[Group representation]]+
-** [[Ring theory]]+
-*** [[Commutative algebra]]+
-*** [[Noncommutative algebra]]+
-** [[Field theory (mathematics)|Field theory]]+
-** [[Linear algebra]] ([[Vector space]])+
-** [[Multilinear algebra]]+
-** [[Lie algebra]]+
-** [[Associative algebra]]+
-** [[Non-associative algebra]]+
-** [[Universal algebra]]+
-** [[Homological algebra]]+
-** [[Differential algebra]]+
-** [[Lattice theory]] ([[Order theory]])+
-** [[Representation theory]]+
-** [[K-theory]]+
-** [[Category theory]]+
-***[[Topos|Topos theory]]+
-* [[Mathematical analysis|Analysis]]+
-** [[Real analysis]]+
-*** [[Calculus]] ([[Outline of calculus|outline]])+
-** [[Complex analysis]]+
-** [[Functional analysis]]+
-*** [[Operator theory]]+
-** [[Non-standard analysis]]+
-** [[Harmonic analysis]]+
-*** [[Fourier analysis]]+
-** [[p-adic analysis]]+
-** [[Ordinary differential equations]]+
-** [[Partial differential equations]]+
-* [[Probability theory]]+
-** [[Measure theory]]+
-*** [[Integral geometry]]+
-** [[Ergodic theory]]+
-** [[Stochastic process]]+
-* [[Geometry]] ([[Outline of geometry|outline]]) and [[Topology]]+
-** [[General topology]]+
-** [[Algebraic topology]]+
-** [[Geometric topology]]+
-** [[Differential topology]]+
-** [[Algebraic geometry]]+
-** [[Differential geometry]]+
-** [[Projective geometry]]+
-** [[Affine geometry]]+
-** [[Non-Euclidean geometry]]+
-** [[Convex geometry]]+
-** [[Discrete geometry]]+
-** [[Integral geometry]]+
-** [[Noncommutative geometry]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Number theory]]+
-** [[Analytic number theory]]+
-** [[Algebraic number theory]]+
-** [[Geometric number theory]]+
-* [[Mathematical logic|Logic]] and [[Foundations of mathematics]]+
-** [[Set theory]]+
-** [[Proof theory]]+
-** [[Model theory]]+
-** [[Recursion theory]]+
-** [[Modal logic]]+
-** [[Intuitionistic logic]]+
-* [[Applied mathematics]]+
-** [[Statistics]]+
-*** [[Mathematical statistics]]+
-*** [[Econometrics]]+
-*** [[Actuarial science]]+
-*** [[Demography]]+
-** [[Approximation theory]]+
-** [[Numerical analysis]]+
-** [[Operations research]]+
-*** [[Mathematical optimization]]+
-*** [[Linear programming]]+
-*** [[Dynamic programming]]+
-*** [[Assignment problem]]+
-*** [[Decision analysis]]+
-*** [[Inventory theory]]+
-*** [[Job shop scheduling|Scheduling]]+
-*** [[Real options analysis]]+
-*** [[Systems analysis]]+
-*** [[Stochastic processes]]+
-*** [[Optimal maintenance]]+
-** [[Dynamical systems]]+
-*** [[Chaos theory]]+
-*** [[Fractal geometry]]+
-** [[Mathematical physics]]+
-*** [[Quantum mechanics]]+
-*** [[Quantum field theory]]+
-*** [[Quantum gravity]]+
-**** [[String theory]]+
-*** [[Statistical mechanics]]+
-** [[Theory of computation]]+
-*** [[Computational complexity theory]]+
-** [[Information theory]]+
-** [[Cryptography]]+
-** [[Combinatorics]] ([[Outline of combinatorics|outline]])+
-*** [[Coding theory]]+
-** [[Graph theory]]+
-** [[Game theory]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Statistics ===+
-{{Main|Statistics|Outline of statistics}}+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Computational statistics]]+
-**[[Data mining]]+
-**[[Regression analysis|Regression]]+
-**[[Simulation]]+
-***[[Bootstrap (statistics)]]+
-* [[Design of experiments]]+
-**[[Block design]] and [[Analysis of variance]]+
-**[[Response surface methodology]]+
-* [[Survey Sampling|Sample Survey]]+
-**[[Statistical sampling|Sampling theory]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Statistical model]]ling+
-** [[Biostatistics]]+
-*** [[Epidemiology]]+
-**[[Multivariate analysis]]+
-*** [[Structural equation model]]+
-***[[Time series]]+
-** [[Reliability theory]]+
-** [[Quality control]]+
-* [[Statistical theory]]+
-**[[Decision theory]]+
-**[[Mathematical statistics]]+
-***[[Probability]] ([[Outline of probability|outline]])+
-<!-- **[[Official statistics]] -->+
-**[[Survey (statistics)|Survey methodology]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Systems science ===+
-{{Main|Systems science}}+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-<!-- * [[Chaos theory]] Part of dynamical systems -->+
-* [[Complex systems]]+
-<!-- * [[Complexity theory]] -->+
-* [[Cybernetics]]+
-<!-- ** [[Biocybernetics]]+
-** [[Engineering cybernetics]]+
-** [[Management cybernetics]]+
-** [[Medical cybernetics]]+
-** [[New Cybernetics]]+
-** [[Second-order cybernetics]] -->+
-* [[Control theory]]+
-<!-- ** [[Affect control theory]] -->+
-** [[Control engineering]]+
-** [[Control systems]]+
-** [[Dynamical systems]]+
-<!-- ** [[Perceptual control theory]] -->+
-* [[Operations research]]+
-<!-- * [[Systems biology]]+
-** [[Computational systems biology]]+
-** [[Synthetic biology]]+
-** [[Systems immunology]] -->+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Systems dynamics]]+
-<!-- ** [[Social dynamics]] -->+
-<!-- * [[Systems ecology]]+
-** [[Ecosystem ecology]] -->+
-* [[Systems engineering]]+
-<!-- ** [[Biological systems engineering]]+
-** [[Earth systems engineering and management]]+
-** [[Enterprise systems engineering]] -->+
-** [[Systems analysis]]+
-<!-- * [[Systems psychology]]+
-** [[Ergonomics]] -->+
-<!-- ** [[Family systems theory]]+
-** [[Systemic therapy]] -->+
-* [[Systems theory]]+
-<!-- ** [[Biochemical systems theory]]+
-** [[Ecological systems theory]] -->+
-** [[Developmental systems theory]]+
-** [[General systems theory]]+
-<!-- ** [[Living systems theory]]+
-** [[LTI system theory]]+
-** [[Sociotechnical systems theory]] -->+
-** [[Mathematical system theory]]+
-<!-- ** [[World-systems theory]] -->+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-== Professions and Applied sciences ==+
-{{Main|Profession|Applied science}}+
- +
-=== Agriculture ===+
-{{Main|Agriculture|Outline of agriculture}}+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Agroecology]]+
-* [[Agronomy]]+
-* [[Animal husbandry]] ([[Animal science]])+
-** [[Beekeeping]] ([[Apiculture]])+
-* [[Agrology]]+
-* [[Entomology]]+
-* [[Agricultural economics]]+
-* [[Agricultural engineering]]+
-** [[Biological systems engineering]]+
-** [[Food engineering]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Aquaculture]]+
-* [[Enology]]+
-* [[Food science]]+
-* [[Horticulture]]+
-* [[Hydrology]] ([[Outline of hydrology|outline]])+
-* [[Plant science]]+
-** [[Pomology]]+
-* [[Viticulture]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== [[Architecture]] and [[Design]] ===+
- +
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-2}}+
-* [[Architecture]] and related [[design]]+
-** [[Architecture]] ([[Outline of architecture|outline]])+
-** [[Urban planning]] ([[urban design]])+
-** [[Interior design]] ([[interior architecture]])+
-** [[Landscape architecture]] ([[landscape planning]])+
-* [[Historic preservation]]+
-* [[Visual communication]]+
-** [[Graphic design]]+
-***[[Type design]]+
-** [[Technical drawing]]+
-{{col-2}}+
-* [[Industrial design]] ([[product design]])+
-** [[Ergonomics]] ([[Outline of ergonomics|outline]])+
-** [[Game design]]+
-** [[Toy|Toy and amusement design]]+
-* [[User experience design]]+
-** [[Interaction design]]+
-** [[Information architecture]]+
-** [[User interface design]]+
-** [[User experience evaluation]]+
-* [[Fashion design]]+
-* [[Textile design]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Business ===+
-{{Main|Business|Business education}}+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Accounting scholarship]]+
-* [[Business administration]]+
-* [[Business analysis]]+
-* [[Business ethics]]+
-* [[Business Law]]+
-* [[E-Business]]+
-* [[Entrepreneurship]]+
-* [[Finance]] ([[Outline of finance|outline]])+
-* [[Industrial relations|Industrial and labor relations]]+
-** [[Collective bargaining]]+
-** [[Human resources]]+
-** [[Organizational studies]]+
-** [[Labor economics]]+
-** [[Labor history (discipline)|Labor history]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Information systems]] ([[Business informatics]])+
-** [[Management information systems]]+
-** [[Health informatics]]+
-* [[Information technology]] ([[Outline of information technology|outline]])+
-* [[International Trade]]+
-* [[Marketing]] ([[Outline of marketing|outline]])+
-* [[Purchasing]]+
-* [[Risk management]] and [[insurance]]+
-* [[Systems science]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Divinity ===+
-{{Main|Divinity (academic discipline)}}+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Canon law]]+
-* [[History of Christianity|Church history]]+
-* Field ministry+
-** [[Pastoral counseling]]+
-** [[Pastoral theology]]+
-** [[Religious education]] techniques+
-** [[Homiletics]]+
-** [[Liturgy]]+
-** [[Sacred music]]+
-** [[Missiology]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* Scriptural study and languages+
-** [[Biblical Hebrew language|Biblical Hebrew]]+
-** [[Biblical studies]]/[[Sacred Scripture]]+
-** [[Koine Greek|New Testament Greek]]+
-** [[Latin]]+
-** [[Old Church Slavonic]]+
-* [[Theology]] ([[Outline of theology|outline]])+
-** [[Dogmatic theology]]+
-** [[Ecclesiology]]+
-** [[Sacrament|Sacramental theology]]+
-** [[Systematic theology]]+
-** [[Christian Ethics]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Education ===+
-{{Main|Education|Outline of education}}+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Consumer education]]+
-* [[Critical pedagogy]]+
-* [[Curriculum and instruction]]+
-** [[Alternative Education]]+
-** [[Elementary education]]+
-** [[Secondary education]]+
-** [[Higher education]]+
-** [[Mastery learning]]+
-** [[Cooperative learning]]+
-** [[Agricultural education]]+
-** [[Art education]]+
-** [[Bilingual education]]+
-** [[Chemistry education]]+
-** [[Counselor education]]+
-** [[Language education]]+
-** [[Legal education]]+
-** [[Mathematics education]]+
-** [[Medical education]]+
-** [[Military education and training]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-** [[Music education]]+
-** [[Nursing education]]+
-** [[Peace education]]+
-** [[Physical education]]/[[Sports coaching]]+
-** [[Physics education]]+
-** [[Reading education]]+
-** [[Religious education]]+
-** [[Science education]]+
-** [[Special education]]+
-** [[Sex education]]+
-** [[Sociology of education]]+
-** [[Technology education]]+
-** [[Vocational education]]+
-* [[Educational leadership]]+
-* [[Educational philosophy]]+
-* [[Educational psychology]]+
-* [[Educational technology]]+
-* [[Distance Education]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Engineering ===+
-{{Main|Engineering|Outline of engineering|Engineering education}}+
-:''See also [[List of basic engineering topics#Branches of engineering|Branches of engineering]]''+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Aerospace engineering]]+
-* [[Agricultural engineering]]+
-** [[Food engineering]]+
-* [[Architectural engineering]]+
-* [[Bioengineering]]+
-** [[Biomechanical engineering]]+
-** [[Biomedical engineering]]+
-* [[Chemical engineering]]+
-* [[Civil engineering]]+
-** [[Geotechnical engineering]]+
-** [[Engineering Geology]]+
-** [[Earthquake engineering]]+
-** [[Highway engineering]]+
-** [[Transportation engineering]]+
-* [[Computer engineering]] ([[Outline of computer engineering|outline]])+
-* [[Control engineering|Control systems engineering]]+
-* [[Ecological engineering]]+
-* [[Electrical engineering]] ([[Outline of electrical engineering|outline]])+
-* [[Electronic engineering]]+
-* [[Instrumentation engineering]]+
-* [[Engineering physics]]+
-* [[Environmental engineering]]+
-* [[Industrial engineering]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Materials engineering]]+
-** [[Ceramic engineering]]+
-** [[Metallurgical engineering]]+
-** [[Polymer engineering]]+
-* [[Mechanical engineering]]+
-** [[Manufacturing engineering]]+
-* [[Mining engineering]]+
-* [[Nanoengineering]]+
-* [[Nuclear engineering]]+
-* [[Offshore construction|Ocean engineering]]+
-** [[Marine propulsion|Marine engineering]]+
-** [[Naval architecture]]+
-* [[Optical engineering]]+
-* [[Quality assurance]] engineering+
-* [[Petroleum engineering]]+
-* [[Safety engineering]]+
-* [[Software engineering]] ([[Outline of software engineering|outline]])+
-* [[Structural engineering]]+
-* [[Systems engineering]]+
-* [[Telecommunications engineering]]+
-* [[Vehicle engineering]]+
-** [[Automotive engineering]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Environmental studies and Forestry ===+
-{{Main|Environmental studies|Forestry}}+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Environmental management]]+
-** [[Coastal management]]+
-** [[Fisheries management]]+
-** [[Land management]]+
-** [[Natural resource management]]+
-** [[Wildlife management]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Environmental policy]]+
-* [[Recreation ecology]]+
-* [[Silviculture]]+
-* [[Sustainability studies]]+
-**[[Sustainable development]]+
-* [[Toxicology]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Family and consumer science ===+
-{{Main|Family and consumer science}}+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Consumer education]]+
-* Housing*+
-* [[Interior design]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Nutrition]] ([[Outline of nutrition|outline]])+
-** [[Foodservice|Foodservice management]]*+
-* [[Textile]]s*+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== [[Healthcare science]] ===+
-{{Main|Healthcare science|Outline of healthcare science}}+
-{{See also|Branches of medicine}}+
- +
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Clinical laboratory sciences]]/[[Clinical pathology]]/[[Laboratory medicine]]+
-** [[Clinical biochemistry]]+
-** [[Cytogenetics]]+
-** [[Cytohematology]]+
-** [[cell biology|Cytology]]+
-** [[Haemostasiology]]+
-** [[Histology]]+
-** [[Clinical immunology]]+
-** [[Clinical microbiology]]+
-** [[Molecular genetics]]+
-** [[Parasitology]]+
-* [[Dentistry]] ([[Outline of dentistry and oral health|outline]])+
-** [[Dental hygienist|Dental hygiene]] and [[epidemiology]]+
-** [[Dental surgery]]+
-** [[Endodontics]]+
-** [[Orthodontics]]+
-** [[Oral and maxillofacial surgery]]+
-** [[Periodontics]]+
-** [[Prosthodontics]]+
-** [[Dental implant|Implantology]]+
-* [[Health informatics]]/[[Clinical informatics]]+
-* [[Nursing]]+
-** [[Nursing theory]]+
-** [[Midwifery]]+
-* [[Nutrition]] ([[Outline of nutrition|outline]])and [[dietetics]]+
-* [[Optometry]]+
-* [[Orthoptics]]+
-* [[Physiotherapy]]+
-* [[Occupational therapy]]+
-* [[Speech and language pathology]]+
-* [[Internal medicine]]+
-** [[Preventive medicine]]+
-** [[Cardiology]]+
-** [[Dermatology]]+
-** [[Pulmonology]]+
-*** [[Medical toxicology]]+
-** [[Endocrinology]]+
-** [[Gastroenterology]]+
-***[[Hepatology]]+
-** [[Oncology]]+
-** [[Geriatrics]]+
-** [[Gynaecology]]+
-** [[Hematology]]+
-** [[Infectious disease]]+
-** [[Nephrology]]+
-** [[Neurology]]+
-** [[Neurosurgery]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-** [[Obstetrics]]+
-** [[Oncology]]+
-** [[Ophthalmology]]+
-** [[Orthopedic surgery]]+
-*** [[Hand surgery]]+
-*** [[Foot and ankle surgery]]+
-*** [[Sports medicine]]+
-*** [[Joint replacement]]+
-*** [[Shoulder surgery]]+
-** [[Otolaryngology]]+
-** [[Pathology]]+
-** [[Pediatrics]]+
-* [[Pharmacy]]+
-* [[Pharmaceutical sciences]]+
-* [[Physical fitness]]+
-** Group Fitness / [[aerobics]]+
-** [[Personal fitness training]]+
-** [[Kinesiology]] / Exercise Science / Human Performance+
-* [[Podiatry]]+
-* [[Primary care]]+
-** [[General practice]]+
-* [[Psychiatry]] ([[Outline of psychiatry|outline]])+
-** [[Addiction medicine]]+
-* [[Psychology]] ([[Outline of psychology|outline]])+
-** [[Behavioral medicine]]+
-** [[Clinical psychology]]+
-** [[Health psychology]]+
-** [[Medical psychology]]+
-** [[Counseling psychology]]+
-* [[Public health]]+
-* [[Radiology]]+
-* [[Recreation therapy]]+
-* [[Rehabilitation medicine]]+
-* [[Respiratory medicine]]+
-** [[Pulmonology]]+
-** [[Sleep medicine]]+
-* [[Respiratory therapy]]+
-* [[Rheumatology]]+
-* [[Sports medicine]]+
-* [[Surgery]]+
-** [[Bariatric surgery]]+
-** [[Cardiothoracic surgery]]+
-** [[Neurosurgery]]+
-** [[Plastic surgery]]+
-** [[Traumatology]]+
-* [[Urology]]+
-** [[Andrology]]+
- +
-* [[Veterinary medicine]]+
- +
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Human physical performance and recreation* ===+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Biomechanics]] / [[Sports Biomechanics]]+
-* [[Sports coaching]]+
-* [[Dance]] ([[Outline of dance|outline]])+
-* [[Ergonomics]]+
-* [[Physical fitness]]+
-** Group Fitness / [[aerobics]]+
-** [[Personal trainer]] / [[Personal fitness training]]+
-* [[Game design]]+
-* [[Exercise physiology]]+
-* [[Kinesiology]] / Exercise Science / Human Performance+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Leisure studies]]+
-* [[Physical education]] / Pedagogy+
-* [[Sociology of sport]]+
-* [[Sexology]]+
-* Sports journalism / [[sportscasting]]+
-* [[Sport management]]+
-** [[Athletic Administration|Athletic director]]+
-* [[Sport psychology]]+
-* [[Sports medicine]]+
-** [[Athletic training]]+
-* [[Toy|Toy and amusement design]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Journalism, media studies and communication ===+
-{{Main|Journalism|Media studies|Communication studies}}+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Journalism]] ([[Outline of journalism|outline]])+
-** [[Broadcast journalism]]+
-** [[Literary journalism]]+
-** [[New media|New media journalism]]+
-** [[Print journalism]]+
-** Sports journalism / [[sportscasting]]+
-* [[Media studies]] ([[Mass media]])+
-** [[Newspaper]]+
-** [[Magazine]]+
-** [[Radio]] ([[Outline of radio|outline]])+
-** [[Television]] ([[Outline of television broadcasting|outline]])+
-*** [[Television studies]]*+
-** [[Internet]] ([[Outline of the Internet|outline]])+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Communication studies]]+
-** [[Advertising]]+
-** [[Animal communication]]+
-** [[Communication design]]+
-** [[Environmental communication]]+
-** [[Information theory]]+
-** [[Cross-cultural communication|Intercultural communication]]+
-** [[Marketing]] ([[Outline of marketing|outline]])+
-** [[Mass communication]]+
-** [[Nonverbal communication]]+
-** [[Organizational communication]]+
-** [[Propaganda]]+
-** [[Public relations]] ([[Outline of public relations|outline]])+
-** [[Speech communication]]+
-** [[Technical writing]]+
-** [[Translation]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== [[Law]] ===+
-{{Main|Law|Outline of law}}+
- +
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-2}}+
-* [[Canon law]]+
-* [[Comparative law]]+
-* [[Constitutional law]]+
-* [[Competition law]]+
-* [[Criminal law]]+
-** [[Criminal procedure]]+
-** [[Criminal justice]] ([[Outline of criminal justice|outline]])+
-*** [[Police science]]+
-*** [[Forensic science]] ([[Outline of forensic science|outline]])+
-* [[Sharia|Islamic law]]+
-* [[Jewish law]]+
-* [[Jurisprudence]] (Philosophy of Law)+
-{{col-2}}+
-* [[Civil law (common law)|Civil law]]+
-** [[Admiralty law]]+
-** [[Animal law]]/[[Animal rights]]+
-** [[Corporations]]+
-** [[Civil procedure]]+
-** [[Contract law]]+
-** [[Environmental law]]+
-** [[International law]]+
-** [[Labor law]]+
-** [[Paralegal|Paralegal studies]]+
-** [[Property law]]+
-** [[Tax law]]+
-** [[Tort law]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Library and museum studies ===+
-{{Main|Library science|Museology}}+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-2}}+
-* [[Archival science]]+
-* [[Bibliometrics]]+
-** [[Citation analysis]]+
-* [[Conservation science]]+
-{{col-2}}+
-* [[Informatics (academic field)|Informatics]]+
-* [[Information architecture]]+
-* [[Museology]]+
-** [[Arts administration|Museum administration]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Military sciences ===+
-{{Main|Military science}}+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Amphibious warfare]]+
-* [[Artillery]]+
-* [[Military campaign|Campaigning]]+
-* [[Military engineering]]+
-* [[Doctrine]]+
-* [[Game theory]]+
-* [[Leadership]]+
-* [[Logistics]]+
-* [[Military history]]+
-* [[Military intelligence]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Military law]]+
-* [[Military medicine]]+
-* Naval science+
-** [[Naval engineering]]+
-** [[Naval tactics]]+
-** [[Naval architecture]]+
-** [[Weapons systems]]+
-* [[Strategy]]+
-* [[military tactics|Tactics]]+
-** [[Naval tactics]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Public administration ===+
-{{Main|Public administration}}+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Corrections]]+
-* [[Conservation biology]]+
-* [[Criminal justice]] ([[Outline of criminal justice|outline]])+
-* [[Emergency management]]+
-* [[Fire safety]] (Structural [[fire protection]])+
-* [[Fire ecology]] (Wildland fire management)+
-* [[Government|Governmental affairs]]+
-* [[international relations|International affairs]]+
-* [[Peace and conflict studies]]+
-* [[Police science]]+
-* [[Public administration]]+
-** [[Nonprofit|Nonprofit administration]]+
-** [[Non-governmental organization|Non-governmental organization (NGO) administration]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Public policy (law)|Public policy]]+
-** [[Agricultural policy]]+
-** [[Defense policy]]+
-** [[Domestic policy]]+
-*** [[Education policy]]+
-*** [[Health policy]]+
-*** [[Housing policy]]+
-*** [[Labor policy]]+
-*** [[Social policy]]+
-** [[Drug policy]]+
-** [[Energy policy]]+
-** [[Environmental policy]]+
-** [[Fiscal policy]]+
-** [[Foreign policy]]+
-** [[Immigration policy]]+
-** [[Trade policy]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== [[Social work]] ===+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Child welfare]]+
-* [[Community practice]]+
-** [[Community organizing]]+
-** [[Social policy]]+
-{{col-2-of-2}}+
-* [[Corrections]]+
-* [[Gerontology]]+
-* [[Medical social work]]+
-* [[Mental health]]+
-* [[School social worker|School social work]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-=== Transportation ===+
-{{Main|Transportation theory}}+
-{{col-begin|width=95%}}+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Highway safety]]+
-* [[Infographics]]+
-* [[Intermodal passenger transport|Intermodal transportation studies]]+
-{{col-1-of-2}}+
-* [[Marine transportation]]+
-** [[Port management]]+
-* [[Operations research]]+
-* [[Mass transit]]+
-{{col-end}}+
- +
-== See also ==+
-{{Main|Branches of science}}+
- +
-* [[Academia]]+
-* [[Academic genealogy]]+
-* [[Curriculum]]+
-* [[Interdisciplinarity]]+
-* [[Transdisciplinary studies]]+
-* [[Classification of Instructional Programs]]+
-* [[Joint Academic Classification of Subjects]]+
-* [[Outline of education]]+
-* [[List of fields of doctoral studies]]+
- +
-{{GFDL}}+

Current revision

  1. redirectUniversity
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