Abbreviation
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| - | In the following words spoken by Antonia in [[Aretino's Reasonings]], she argues for the abandonment of [[sexual euphemism]]s and [[sexual symbolism]] in literature in favor of calling a [[spade a spade]]. | + | An '''abbreviation''' (from [[Latin]] ''brevis'', meaning ''short'') is a shortened form of a word or [[phrase]]. Usually, but not always, it consists of a letter or group of letters taken from the word or phrase. For example, the word ''abbreviation'' can itself be represented by the abbreviation ''abbr.'', ''abbrv.'' or ''abbrev.'' |
| - | :Speak plainly, and say cu, ca, po and fo [two-letter [[abbreviation]]s] ; otherwise thou wilt be understood by nobody, if it be not by the [[Sapienza Capranica]], with thy rope in the ring, thy obelisk in the Coliseum, thy leak in the garden, thy key in the lock, thy pestle in the mortar, thy nightingale in the nest, thy dibble in the drill, thy syringe in the valve, thy stock in the scabbard, and the stake, crosier, parsnip, little monkey, the this, the that, the apples, the Missal leaves, the affair, the verbi gratia, the thing, the job, the story, the handle, the dart, the carrot, the root and the shit, mayst thou have it! ... I shall not say in the snout, since thou wilt walk on the tips of thy shoes. Well, say yes for yes, and no for no, or else keep it to yourself. --[[Aretino's Reasonings]], tr. [[Roger Thompson]] in ''[[Unfit for Modest Ears]]'' | + | == See also == |
| - | + | * [[Acronym and initialism]] | |
| - | Original Italian | + | * [[Shortening (grammar)]] |
| - | + | * [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Abbreviations in Webster|The abbreviations used in the 1913 edition of Webster's dictionary]] | |
| - | :Io te lo ho voluto dire, ed emmisi scordato: parla alla libera, e dì "cu', ca', po' e fo'", che non sarai intesa se non dalla Sapienza Capranica con cotesto tuo "cordone nello anello", "guglia nel coliseo", "porro nello orto", "chiavistello ne l'uscio", "chiave nella serratura", "pestello nel mortaio", "rossignuolo nel nido", "piantone nel fosso", "sgonfiatoio nella animella", "stocco nella guaina"; e così "il piuolo", "il pastorale", "la pastinaca", "la monina", "la cotale", "il cotale", "le mele", "le carte del messale", "quel fatto", "il verbigrazia", "quella cosa", "quella faccenda", "quella novella", "il manico", "la freccia", "la carota", "la radice" e la merda che ti sia non vo' dire in gola, poi che vuoi andare su le punte dei zoccoli; ora dì sì al sì e no al no: se non, tientelo. | + | * [[List of acronyms and initialisms]] |
| - | + | * [[List of classical abbreviations]] | |
| - | + | * [[List of medieval abbreviations]] | |
| - | + | * [[List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions]] | |
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| - | [[blossom]] [[nectar]], [[flower]], [[peach]] | + | |
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| - | The model of [[complementarity]] explains whether "[[birds of a feather flock together]]" or "[[opposites attract]]". | + | |
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| - | :"In the vast [[literature of love]], ''[[The Seducer's Diary]]'' is an intricate curiosity--a feverishly intellectual attempt to reconstruct an erotic failure as a pedagogic success, a wound masked as a boast," observes [[John Updike]] in his foreword to [[Søren Kierkegaard]]'s narrative. This work, a chapter from Kierkegaard's first major volume, ''[[Either/Or]]'', springs from his relationship with his fiancée, [[Regine Olsen]]. Kierkegaard fell in love with the young woman, ten years his junior, proposed to her, but then broke off their engagement a year later. This event affected Kierkegaard profoundly. Olsen became a muse for him, and a flood of volumes resulted. His attempt to set right, in writing, what he feels was a mistake in his relationship with Olsen taught him the secret of "indirect communication." The Seducer's Diary, then, becomes Kierkegaard's attempt to portray himself as a scoundrel and thus make their break easier for her. | + | |
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| - | :Matters of marriage, the ethical versus the aesthetic, dread, and, increasingly, the severities of Christianity are pondered by Kierkegaard in this intense work. | + | |
| - | Regine Olsen occupies a central role in Kierkegaard's thought and writings, and indeed a unique position in the history of all of Western philosophy. It can be argued that no other single woman has been so instrumental in a major philosopher's development as Regine was to Kierkegaard. In some ways, it is difficult to understand Kierkegaard fully without at least a cursory knowledge of his failed relationship to Regine. | + | |
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| - | Kierkegaard's failed relationship with Regine influenced his views on marriage, love, commitment, authenticity, and perhaps above all, faith and relationship to God. His mention of Regine in his writings, however, (aside from his personal journals) is always indirect. ''[[Either/Or]]'', Kierkegaard's first book, is full of veiled references to his relationship with Regine. Aside from lengthy sections dealing with the matters of erotic seduction and a sermon on the virtues of marriage, it includes ''[[The Seducer's Diary]]'', featuring a young man who calculates his seduction of a young girl from afar, and upon winning her affection, breaking off the relationship. The story has strong parallels to Kierkegaard's relationship to Regine, and has often been taken to be a fictionalization of it. It has also been published as its own separate volume. ''[[Stages on Life's Way]]'' contains an analysis of the three "spheres of existence" — the aesthetic, the ethical, and the religious. As the ethical corresponds to dedicating one's life to another — to marriage — the religious corresponds to dedicating one's self to God. It seems to have been this decision — this "either/or" — which consumed Kierkegaard during the years of his engagement, and he felt that he could not reconcile his marriage with his religious calling. With the exception of a single work dedicated to [[Poul Martin Møller]], Kierkegaard dedicated all of his writings to his father, another formative figure in his life, and to Regine. | + | |
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| - | [[Plato]] calls it a "running of the spinal marrow;" and by [[Epicurus]], it is called a " part of the soul and body. ... [[Lommius]], in his Commentaries on the passage of [[Celsus]], observes that " Frequent emissions of the seed relax, dry up, ... -- | + | |
| - | ''[[The medical philanthropist, on health, virility, and happiness]]'' [[Swayne D.D.]] | + | |
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| - | "[[Leben der Gattung]]" (Life of the species) is the 42nd chapter in Schopenhauer's ''[[Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung]]''. | + | |
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| - | [[Burdach]]'s " [[Physiology]]," vol. i. 247, 257), and, in the case of man, the careful and capricious selection of the other individual for the satisfaction of the sexual impulse, which can rise to the height of passionate love, to the fuller investigation of which I shall devote a special chapter : hence also, finally the excessive love of parents for their offspring. | + | |
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| - | [[Celsus]] said, "[[Seminis emissio est partis animae jactura]]; " that in the case of man the extinction of the generative power shows that the individual approaches death ; that excessive use of this power at every age shortens life, while, on the other hand, temperance in this respect increases all the powers, and especially the mus cular powers, on which account it was part of the training of the Greek athletes ; that the same restraint lengthens the life of the insect even to the following spring; all this points to the fact that the life of the individual is | + | |
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| - | [[Spirit of the Forest]][http://www.terminartors.com/files/artworks/2/3/1/23178/Redon_Odilon-Man_Skeleton.jpg] by [[Odilon Redon]]. | + | |
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| - | [[La Naissance de Vénus (Redon)]][http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Venus_redon.jpeg] | + | |
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| - | Never noticed it before, Redon, needless to say, is one of the greats. | + | |
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| - | The [[yonic symbolism]] of the [[shell]] has never been most obvious in this rendition of the classical theme of the birth of Venus. | + | |
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| - | [[Blake Gopnik chooses top ten artists in Newsweek]]: | + | |
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| - | ''[[le coeur révélateur]]''[http://www.flickr.com/photos/lechantdupain/173770890/] (1883) by [[Odilon Redon]]. | + | |
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| - | [[fusain]] sur papier brun 40 x 33.3 cm [[Santa Barbara Museum of Art]] (Californie) | + | |
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| - | [[The most popular visual illustration of the mind is the iceberg]] | + | |
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An abbreviation (from Latin brevis, meaning short) is a shortened form of a word or phrase. Usually, but not always, it consists of a letter or group of letters taken from the word or phrase. For example, the word abbreviation can itself be represented by the abbreviation abbr., abbrv. or abbrev.
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See also
- Acronym and initialism
- Shortening (grammar)
- The abbreviations used in the 1913 edition of Webster's dictionary
- List of acronyms and initialisms
- List of classical abbreviations
- List of medieval abbreviations
- List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Abbreviation" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
