A Poetics of Postmodernism  

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A Poetics of Postmodernism: History, Theory, Fiction (1988) is a book on postmodern literature by Linda Hutcheon.

From the publisher:

A Poetics of Postmodernism is neither a defense nor a denunciation of the postmodern. It continues the project of Linda Hutcheon's Narcissistic Narrative and A Theory of Parody in studying formal self-consciousness in art, but adds to this both an historical and an ideological dimension. Modelled on postmodern architecture, postmodernism is the name given here to current cultural practices characterized by major paradoxes of form and of ideology. The "poetics" of postmodernism offered here is drawn from these contradictions, as seen in the intersecting concerns of both contemporary theory and cultural practice.

See also

• historiographic metafiction

Table of Contents

Part I

Chapter One: Theorizing the Postmodern: Toward a Poetics

Chapter Two: Modelling the Postmodern: Parody and Politics

Chapter Three: Limiting the Postmodern: The Paradoxical Aftermath of Modernism

Chapter Four: Decentering the Postmodern: The Ex-centric

Chapter Five: Contextualizing the Postmodern: Enunciation and the Revenge of “Parole”

Chapter Six: Historicizing the Postmodern: The Problematizing of History

Part II

Chapter Seven: Historiographic Metafiction: “The Pastime of Past Time”

Chapter Eight: Intertextuality, Parody, and the Discourses of History

Chapter Nine: The Problem of Reference

Chapter Ten: Subject in/of/to History and His Story

Chapter Eleven: Discourse, Power, Ideology: Humanism and Postmodernism

Chapter Twelve: Political Double-talk

Chapter Thirteen: Conclusion: A Poetics or a Problematics?

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Index

Absalom! Absalom!, 67, 88, 131 Ackroyd, Peter, 14–15, 139, 156 Adami, 54 Adler, Louise, 96, 192 Adorno, Theodor, 25–6, 182, 207, 208, 211, 217, 218 aestheticism, see modernism Afro-American, see black ahistorical, see history Allen, Woody, 44 Alloula, Malek, 68 Alter, Robert, 41, 52 Althusser, Louis, 69, 85, 112, 138, 161, 167, 178, 188, 189, 211, 212 Altieri, Charles, 38, 51, 177 Amore, 10 analytic philosophy, 15, 53, 96, 144, 147–8, 226 analytico-referential discourse, 74–5, 78, 82, 86 Angenot, Marc, 127 Annales school, 95, 129 Antichthon, 16, 58, 114, 149 Antin, David, 38, 118, 226 Antiphonary, The, 192 Aquin, Hubert, 192 Arac, Jonathan, 212 Arakawa, Shosaku, 9, 54, 127 architecture, see modernism, in architecture; postmodernism, in architecture Aristotle, 106, 108, 152, 210 Armies of the Night, The, 117, 202 Armitage, Karole, 228 Aron, Jean Paul, 95 Aronowitz, Stanley, 62 Arvon, Henri, 215 Ashbery, John, 121, 177 Asher, Michael, 9 Atwood, Margaret, 59, 139 authority/authenticity, xii, xiii, 11, 16, 35, 46, 50, 52, 57, 58, 60, 62, 66, 76, 77, 81, 84, 108, 109, 116, 121, 122, 129, 131, 138, 175, 176, 182, 184, 185, 190, 192, 202, 209, 210, 211, 220, 228 autobiography, 9, 60, 62, 70, 162–3, 164, 171, 172, 224 autonomy, ix, 43, 46, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 60, 93, 94, 95, 108, 112, 124, 125, 127, 140, 141, 155, 158, 159, 167, 168, 169, 177, 225, 226, 228, 230 auto-representation, 41, 106, 119, 153, 155, 227 avant-garde, 18–19, 23–4, 32, 47, 177, 217, 218–19, 230 Baird, George, 28 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 54, 58, 80, 100–1, 126, 180, 183, 210 Banfield, Ann, 148 Banvilte, John, 9, 19, 43, 59, 60, 78, 93, 113, 142, 150, 184, 186, 190, 227 Barber, Bruce Alistair, 204, 218 Barilli, Renato, 225 Barnes, Julian, 77, 139 Barth, John, 4, 14, 17, 49, 50, 125, 126, 131, 132, 150 Barthes, Roland, xiii, 8, 10, 13, 21, 38, 53, 54, 60, 66, 76–7, 80–1, 100, 109, 126, 128, 144, 149, 153, 172, 203 Bataille, Georges, 223 Batsleer, Janet et al., 40, 68, 202 Baudrillard, Jean, 6, 8, 13, 53, 189, 222, 223–4, 228, 229, 230 Bayley, John, 57 Becker, Carl, 122 Beckett, Samuel, 43 Beebe, Maurice, 50 Begnal, Michael, H., 50 260 A Poetics of Postmodernism Bellow, Saul, 131 Belsey, Catherine, 53, 54–5, 68, 70, 80, 99, 128, 165, 167, 169, 180, 182, 193, 220–1 Benjamin, Walter, 80, 181, 211, 227 Bennett, Susan, 130 Bennett, Tony, 79–30, 206, 224 Benveniste, Emile, 82, 85, 91, 151, 164, 168–70, 189 Berger, John, 76, 139, 180–1, 182, 183–4, 190, 213, 226 Berger, Thomas, 20, 132 Berio, Luciano, 93 Berkert, Heribert, 228 Bernstein, Charles, 222 Bertens, Hans, 8, 38, 40, 41, 52 Bertoff, Warner, 112 Bhabha, Homi K., 200 Bible, 113, 151; Book of Daniel, 137–8 Biggest Modern Woman of the World, The, 16–17 binary oppositions, 12, 18, 20, 42, 47, 49, 50, 61, 62, 65, 113, 154 biography, 9–10, 16, 60, 61, 70, 79, 118, 130, 172, 174, 224 Bird, Jon, 91 Biroli, Robert Pirzio, 30–1 black (theory and practice), xii, 16–17, 35, 44, 54, 61–5, 68, 71, 85, 89–90, 91, 131, 134–5, 137, 150, 151–2, 196–8, 199–200, 207, 217, 226, 230 Blackout, 160 Blake, Peter, 39 Block, 91 Bloom, Harold, 34 Boelhower, William, 71 Bofill, Ricardo, ix, 4, 27, 40 Bois, Yve-Alain, 61, 142 Book of Daniel, The, xii, 18, 23, 44, 56, 84, 114, 137–9, 185, 201–3, 215 Booth, Wayne C., 217 Borden, Lizzie, 55 Borges, Jorge Luis, 128 Bové, Paul, A., 215, 227 Bradbury, Malcolm, 14, 42, 50, 117, 130 Bradley, David, 200 Braudel, Fernand, 95, 129, 173 Braudy, Leo, 90, 95, 106 Brazil, 4–5 Brecht, Bertolt, 7, 8, 18, 35, 80, 86, 88, 156, 181, 201, 203, 206, 210, 211, 218–21 Broadbent, Geoffrey, 25 Brooke-Rose, Christine, 4 Brooks, Peter, 144 Buchloh, Benjamin H.D., 208, 218 Buck-Morss, Susan, 212 Buford, Bill, 203 Bürger, Peter, 213 Burgess, Anthony, 118, 139 Burgin, Victor, 12, 14, 38, 40, 191, 195, 226, 228 Burning Water, 114, 153 Butler, Christopher, 20, 52, 117 Byerman, Keith E., 68–9, 134, 151 Cage, John, 4 Calinescu, Matei, 6, 8, 49, 126, 205 Calvino, Italo, 127–8 capitalism, xiii, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 18, 23, 25, 31, 41, 47, 50, 61–2, 66–7, 76, 89, 129, 131, 134, 136, 137, 140, 188, 204, 207, 210, 212, 215–16, 217, 219, 222, 224, 230; see also Marx(ism); politics Capote, Truman, 115 Caramello, Charles, 3, 37, 60, 144 Carmen, 51 Carney, 61 Carpentier, Alejo, 121–2, 216 Carrard, Philippe, 91 Carroll, Berenice A., 71 Carroll, David, 17, 92, 94, 97, 160, 170, 173–4 Carter, Angela, 61, 71–2, 101 Cassandra, xii, 23, 43, 85, 95, 194–5, 196 Caute, David, 36, 80, 221 center/centralized, 12, 16, 41, 42, 50, 57–73, 77, 85, 130, 159, 171, 180, 194, 198, 214 Chekhov’s Journey, 15, 110–11 Chénetier, Marc, 14 China Men, 9, 16, 70, 73, 151, 198 Christensen, Inger, 52, 132 Christian, Barbara, 63, 68 Cixous, Hélène, 54 Clarke, Graham, 62 Clarke, T.J., 91 class, 12, 47, 58, 59, 61–3, 64, 69, 85, 89–90, 131, 134–6, 159, 179, 181, 183, 196–7, 198, 199, 207, 214, 215, 216–17; see also Marx(ism) classical (architecture), 32, 34–5 closure, 23, 42, 45, 54, 57, 59, 94, 101, 121, 124, 127, 174, 176–7 Coetzee, J.M., 77–8, 107–8, 150, 198–9 Cohen, Marvin, 152–3 Cohen, Sande, 96 Collingwood, R.G., 190 Color Purple, The, 70, 134 Coming Through Slaughter, 9 Conrad, Joseph, 130, 135, 155 Conroy, Mark, 185 consciousness industry, 217 consumer culture, see mass culture context(ualize), xi, 10, 12, 15, 18, 23, 25, 29, 32, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 52–3, 54, 59, 64, 67, 70, 74–86, 88, 89, 90, 97, 100, 115, 144, 150, 159, 160, 185, 202, 213, 214, 217, 225, 227; see also enunciation continuity, 11, 15, 45, 51, 57, 59, 74–5, 87, 94, 97, 98, 100, 162–3, 177, 192, 204 Coover, Robert, 18, 56, 112, 115, 126, 129, 133, 187, 193–4 Cornillon, Susan Koppelman, 67 Corregidora, 16, 72 Index 261 Cortázar, Julio, 19, 181, 219 Coward, Rosalind, and Ellis, John, 65, 82, 160, 170, 178, 189, 213 Cox, Christoph, 14 Crimp, Douglas, 11, 159, 190, 191–2 Crosman, Inge, 154, 156 Crosse, Gordon, 51 Crossroads, 118 Crying of Lot 49, The, 130 Culler, Jonathan, 9, 17–18, 68, 70, 80, culture industry, 20–1, 41, 208, 211, 217 Cunningham, Merce, 119 Daiches, David, 43 Daitch, Susan, 63, 110, 139–10, 198, 216 dance, see postmodernism, in dance Danto, Arthur C., 96 Davidson, Donald, 147, 151 Davies, Peter Maxwell, 51 Davis, Douglas, 7, 23, 38, 46, 86 Davis, Lennard, J., 106–7, 179–80 Davis, Natalie Zemon, 192 Death of Artemio Cruz, The, 9–10 decenter, 3, 12, 57–73, 85, 127, 130, 159, 163, 175, 180, 205, 214, 229 de Certeau, xii, 56, 90, 97, 121, 146 deconstruction, xiii, 59, 65, 68, 70, 95, 100, 144, 183, 188, 192, 211 Defoe, Daniel, 77–8, 107–8, 118, 198–9 de Lauretis, Teresa, 10, 16, 68, 70, 75, 85–6, 98, 160, 161, 165, 166–7, 169, 172–3, 174, 175, 200 Deleuze, Gilles, and Guattari, Félix, 59, 66 Derrida, Jacques, 6, 7, 10, 12–13, 14, 17, 38, 53, 54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 65, 66, 79, 81, 94, 96, 97, 98, 100, 127, 141, 145, 149, 150, 159, 189, 205, 214 Detienne, Marcel, 95 Dews, Peter, 150 D’Haen, Theo, 7, 10, 130, 181 dialectic, x, 21, 46, 58, 100, 106, 191, 209, 213, 215, 221 Dickens, Charles, 106, 130–1, 180 difference/different, 6, 12, 21, 38, 39, 42, 47, 57–73, 114, 131, 134, 159, 197, 198, 217 discourse, 14, 16, 54, 69–70, 74–5, 81, 82–3, 84, 89, 93, 98, 99, 111, 119, 125, 126, 128, 130, 134, 140, 142, 165, 169, 172, 177, 178–200, 213, 231 discourse analysis, xiii, 53, 54, 97, 168, 184–5, 226 discursive practices, see discourse Ditsky, John, 136 Doctor Copernicus, 19, 59, 113, 114, 142, 150, 186, 190, 227 Doctorow, E.L., ix, xii, 18, 20, 23, 44, 56, 61–2, 84, 88–90, 93, 111–12, 114, 124, 125, 126, 130, 131, 133–4, 135–9, 145–6, 185, 200, 201–3, 207, 215, 223 document(ary), 10, 15, 16, 50, 56, 79, 92, 96, 100, 115, 118, 122–3, 133, 149, 156, 165, 171, 207 Doležel, Lubomir, 147, 156, 189 Donovan, Josephine, 70 Don Quixote, x, 41, 131, 181 Dos Passos, John, 88, 92, 136 Doyle, Nannie, 46 DuBois, Barbara, 70 DuBois, W.E.B., 44 Dvorak in Love, 88, 132 Eagleton, Terry, 3, 18–19, 23–4, 29, 30, 35, 37, 41, 43, 46, 49, 69–70, 75, 78, 80, 81–2, 86, 134, 159, 178, 184, 206, 207, 212, 214, 218 Earthly Powers, 118 Eco, Umberto, x, 10, 14, 24, 39, 42, 45, 59, 85, 86, 90, 100, 113, 126, 128, 210, 223 Egbert, Donald D., 6 Ehrmann, Jacques, 111 Eisenman, Peter, 26 Eisenstein, Hester, 68 ekphrasis, 121–2 Eliot, T.S., 6, 11, 24, 49, 78, 88, 97, 128, 134, 180, 218 Ellison, Ralph, 134 Ellman, Mary, 67 Embedding, The, 15, 184 enunciation (enunciative or discursive situation), 40, 44, 67, 70, 71, 74–86, 91–2, 115, 150–1, 160, 168, 184, 219–20, 229; see also context(ualize) Enzensberger, Hans Magnus, 217 epic theater, see Brecht ethnic(ity), xii, 12, 17, 32, 35, 59, 61, 62, 65, 71–3, 89–90, 91, 95, 130, 181, 183, 194, 226, 230 Even Cowgirls Get the Blues, 133 Even-Zohar, Itamar, 146 ex-centric, xi, 12, 16, 35, 41–2, 57–73, 85, 95, 114, 130, 134, 179, 194–5, 198, 200, 217, 226, 227, 230 Explosion in a Cathedral, 121–2, 216 extra-textual, 18, 81, 93, 120, 143, 149, 153, 154, 155–6 Falck, Robert, 182 Famous Last Words, ix, 5, 18, 84, 108, 109, 114, 120, 145, 147, 148, 152, 153, 155, 217 Faulkner, William, 67, 131, 134, 160 Federman, Raymond, 14, 52, 58, 202 Fekete, John, 226 feminism (theory and practice), xi–xii, xiii, 15, 16–17, 35, 44, 47, 53, 54, 55, 61–71, 72–3, 80, 85, 91, 95, 96, 97, 100, 110, 134, 139–40, 151, 159, 160, 161, 165, 166, 170, 172–3, 174, 175, 177, 179, 188, 194–5, 196, 198–200, 202, 205, 207, 214, 216, 217, 224, 226, 228, 230 Fetterley, Judith, 69, 80, 198 fiction, see historiographic metafiction; metafiction 262 A Poetics of Postmodernism Fiedler, Leslie, 20, 38, 44 film, see postmodernism, in film Findley, Timothy, ix, 18, 84, 114, 120, 217 Finlay-Pelinski, Marike, 100 Fischer, David Hackett, 87, 96, 109 Fish, Stanley, 13, 45, 119 Fitzsimmons, Matthew A. et al., 94 Flaubert’s Parrot, 16, 44, 77, 109 Fleishman, Avrom, 113 Floating Opera, The, 132 Flynn, Elizabeth, A., and Schweickart, Patrocinio P., 68 Foe, 77–8, 107–8, 114, 150, 198–9 Fogel, Stanley, 206 Fokkema, Douwe, 21, 43, 44, 48, 51 Foley, Barbara, 88, 105–6, 112, 120, 123, 136, 137, 191, 203 formalism, see modernism; closure; structuralism Foster, Hal, 38, 46 Foucault, Michel, xi, 6–7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 20, 21, 48, 55, 58, 61, 65, 66, 69, 74, 75, 81, 83, 84, 86, 90, 96, 97, 98–9, 118, 120, 125, 127, 149, 158, 159–60, 162–3, 165, 175, 185, 186, 189, 196, 203, 205, 207, 214, 229 Fowler, Roger, 185, 186 Fowles, John, ix, 11, 20, 45, 47–8, 59, 64–5, 88, 93, 118, 120, 126, 139, 196, 206, 223 Frampton, Kenneth, 24, 29, 39 Francken, Ruth, 54 Frankfurt School, 80, 204, 212 Frege, Gottlob, 147, 148 French, Philip, 133 French Lieutenant’s Woman, The, 5, 20, 44, 45, 46, 59, 88, 160, 189, 206 Freud, Sigmund, 6, 58, 165, 166–7, 169, 171– 2, 174–6, 225, 226; see also psycho-analysis Fried, Albert, 116 Frye, Northrop, 109, 148 Fuentes, Carlos, 9–10, 88, 126, 155 G., 5, 76, 81, 180–1, 182, 183–4, 190, 213, 226 Gaillard, Françoise, 98 Gallop, Jane, 67, 165, 170 García Márquez, Gabriel, ix, 5, 129, 223 Gass, William H., 124, 149, 190 Gates, Henry Louis, Jr, 62, 65, 67, 134 gay/lesbian (theory and practice), xii, 35, 59, 61–2, 65, 68, 69, 91, 95, 130, 159, 179, 194, 198, 199, 200, 217, 230 Gay, Peter, 143 gender, 12, 16, 47, 61–71, 107–8, 130, 134, 159, 160, 161, 165, 169, 172, 174, 175, 179, 183, 194, 198–200, 216–17, 226; see also feminim Genette, Gérard, 153 genius, see originality); individual(ity) genre borders, 9–11, 53–4, 59, 60–1, 106–7, 111, 113, 139, 224–5 Ghose, Zulfikar, 11 Giddens, Anthony, 8, 205 Gilbert, Sandra, and Gubar, Susan, 68, 134 Gilliam, Terry, 4–5 Gilligan, Carol, 70 Goodman, Nelson, 145, 154 Gossman, Lionel, xii, 15–16, 90 Gottschalk, Louis, 92, 117 Graff, Gerald, 20, 38, 49, 50, 51, 88–9, 119, 158, 179, 180, 205, 209–10 Graham, Joseph F., 6 Grass, Günther, ix, 93, 129, 197 Graves, Michael, 34, 88, 204 Gravity’s Rainbow, 6, 58, 188 Green, Martin, 89 Greenaway, Peter, 23, 92 Greene, Thomas, M., 124 Greer, Colin, 71 Gropius, Walter, 27 Gross, David S., 134 Gruppo, 63, 141, 203 Gutman, Herbert G., 61 gynesis, 165 Haacke, Hans, 182, 211 Habermas, Jurgen, 6, 7, 8, 25, 46, 55, 191, 205, 208–9, 214, 226, 229, 231 Haidu, Peter, 100 Hamburger, Käte, 148 Hamon, Philippe, 179 Handmaid’s Tale, The, 59, 139 Harkness, James, 119, 141 Harrison, Bernard, 7, 83 Harshaw (Hrushovski), Benjamin, 144, 147, 156 Hassan, Ihab, 3, 11, 15, 20, 38, 48, 49, 50, 59, 93 Hawksmoor, 14–15, 156, 212 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 131, 132, 139 Hayman, David, 51 Heath, Stephen, 71, 161 Heidegger, Martin, 6, 66, 141 Heller, Joseph, 126 Hellmann, John, 115, 116 Henderson, Harry B., 106 hermeneutic(s), 35, 125, 127, 147, 154, 156, 162, 172, 174, 205 hermeticism, see modernism Herzog, 131 heterogeneity, see difference high art, 44, 51, 61, 208, 218, 228 Hill, Walter, 118 Hindess, Barry, 157 Hirst, Paul, 157 historical fiction, 5, 113–15, 120, 145, 212 historical knowledge, xii, 16, 20, 24, 46, 50, 56, 87–9, 94, 98, 106, 114, 119, 122, 128, 136, 144, 146, 183, 192, 209, 212, 218, 220, 223, 225, 227, 230–1 Index 263 historiographic metafiction, ix, xii, 5–6, 10, 20–1, 22–3, 26, 39, 40, 42, 44, 50, 55, 56, 73, 75, 76, 78, 81, 82, 83–5, 88, 92–4, 97, 98, 105–23, 124–40, 143, 144–57, 160, 164, 167, 168, 172, 177, 179, 180, 183–4, 185, 186–7, 188, 190, 192, 193–4, 198, 202–3, 207, 208, 211, 212, 213, 217, 219, 221, 223, 224, 225, 227, 228 history/historiography, x, xii, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 15–16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24–5, 26, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 51–61, 63–4, 67, 69–71, 75, 79–80, 82, 84–6, 87–101, 105–23, 124–40, 141, 143–57, 158– 60, 162–4, 165–7, 172, 173–4, 175, 177–9, 181, 187, 189, 190–1, 192–8, 201–3, 205, 208, 209, 212–14, 216–18, 220, 221, 223–5, 227, 230–1; fact vs. event, x, xii, 89, 92–4, 122, 150–1, 153, 154, 225 Hoffmann, Gerhard, 58 Hoffmann, Gerhard et al., 40 Hohendahl, Peter, 17 Holder, Alan, 132 Holloway, John, 106 Hollowell, John, 58, 115 Home Game, 61 Hough, Graham, 111 Hubbard, William, 26, 31 Hull, Gloria, 68 humanism, xi, xii, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 19, 43, 46, 51, 52, 56, 58, 68–9, 70, 75, 83, 99, 100, 126, 127, 129, 158–9, 163, 166, 167, 169, 172, 176–7, 178–200, 205, 207, 208, 211, 222, 224, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230; and positivism, xi, 6, 19, 58–9, 95, 106, 167, 186, 192, 193 Hurston, Zora Neale, 67, 134 Husserl, Edmund, 78 Hutcheon, Linda, x, 11, 41, 52, 66, 129 Huyssen, Andreas, 16, 25, 41, 43, 49, 65, 66, 71, 74, 159, 201, 205, 214, 217, 218, 227 hybrid, see difference ideological/ideology, x, xii, xiii, 8, 13, 17, 18, 21, 23–6, 28, 33, 35, 36, 40, 50, 62, 64, 67– 8, 76, 80, 81, 82, 85, 91, 94, 98, 106, 111, 112, 114, 115, 117, 120, 121, 129, 136, 141, 156, 159, 165, 166, 167, 169, 170, 177, 178– 200, 201, 203, 205–7, 209, 211–12, 217–18, 219, 220–1, 222, 224–5, 227, 228, 230 individual(ity), xiii, 11, 26, 42, 46, 58, 59, 75, 76, 81, 82, 84, 95, 98, 99, 113, 129, 158, 166, 167, 173, 180, 188, 189, 191, 194, 197, 202, 205–6, 211, 218, 226 Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffman, The, 71–2, 101 institution(al), 9, 16, 21, 54, 60, 62, 68, 79, 84, 91, 95, 98, 122, 141, 142, 178, 184, 185, 190, 192, 202–3, 213, 218, 224–5, 226, 228 intertext(ual)(ity), x, xii, 15, 16, 40, 54, 67, 75, 79, 92, 105, 112, 116, 117, 118, 120, 121, 124–40, 142–3, 145, 150, 153, 154, 155–6, 162, 163, 167, 171–2, 181, 184, 190, 202, 225, 228 Intertidal life, 70, 139 intratextuality, 154–5 Invisible Cities, 127–8 Irigaray, Luce, 66, 159 irony, x, 4, 5, 11, 16, 19, 20, 23, 24, 26–7, 29, 30, 31, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 47, 50, 51, 54, 56, 63, 64, 66–7, 71, 78, 80, 88, 89– 90, 94, 109, 114, 118, 121, 124–40, 142, 150, 181, 188, 191, 199, 201, 203, 204, 214, 216, 225, 230 Jacobs, Jane, 30 Jacobus, Mary, 66 Jacques and his Master, 139 Jakobson, Roman, 75 James, Henry, 145, 161, 167 Jameson, Fredric, xii, 3, 6, 7, 11, 15, 18, 19, 23, 24–5, 26–7, 29, 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 41, 46, 49, 50, 56, 82, 89, 93, 112, 121, 134, 143, 158, 206, 207–8, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 218, 226 Jardine, Alice, 66, 160, 165 Jauss, Hans Robert, 75 Jencks, Charles, ix, 16, 22, 28, 29, 31, 33–5, 36, 226 Johns, Jasper, 142, 177 Johnson, Barbara, 67 Johnson, Martin, 35 Johnson, Philip, 23, 33, 39 Jones, Ann Rosalind, 68 Jones, Gayl, 16, 72 Josipovici, Gabriel, 50, 51, 80, 107 Joyce, James, 6, 49, 50, 51, 78, 88, 111, 117, 128, 131, 135, 160, 180, 218 Kafka, Franz, 43 Kamuf, Penny, 16, 68 Kawin, Bruce F., 58 Kellman, Stephen G., 52 Kelly, Mary, 53 Keneally, Thomas, 116 Kennard, Jean E., 68 Kennedy, William, 61, 78–9, 83, 186 Kepler, 9, 19, 43, 60, 114, 142, 186, 227 Kermode, Frank, 43, 90–1, 111, 121, 178 Kern, Robert, 125 Kibbins, Gary, 9 Kingston, Maxine Hong, ix, 9, 16, 41, 70–1, 72–3, 151, 198 Kirby, Michael, 119 Kiremidjian, G.D., 128 Kiss of the Spider Woman, 19, 85, 168, 198 Klinkowitz, Jerome, 37, 44, 52 Kogawa, Joy, 72, 198 Köhler, Michael, 38 Kolbowski, Silvia, 66–7, 228 Kosinski, Jerzy, 10 Krafft, John, 120 264 A Poetics of Postmodernism Kramer, Jonathan D., 37, 93, 182 Krauss, Rosalind, 8, 11, 38, 54, 190 Kress, Gunther, 80, 179 Kress, Gunther and Hodge, Robert, 184 Krieger, Murray, 44, 92, 155 Kripke, Saul, 147, 152 Kristeva, Julie, 8, 66, 126, 177, 189, 194, 217 Kroetsch, Robert, 61, 139 Kroker, Arthur, and Cook, David, 4, 8–9, 186, 213, 222, 223, 229 Kruger, Barbara, 66, 228 Krysinski, Wladimir, 50 Kuhn, Annette, 170 Kundera, Milan, 139 Kuwabara, Bruce, 31 Kuznetsov, Anatoli, 167, 171–2 Lacan, Jacques, 53, 65, 66, 159, 164, 169–70, 189, 214; see also psychoanalysis LaCapra, Dominick, xii, 15, 21, 41, 79, 96, 97–8, 100, 106, 122, 129 Lacoue-Labarthe, Philippe, 20 Lange, Victor, 147 language, see linguistic(s) Lasch, Christopher, 202 Lavis, Georges, 153 Lawrence, D.H., 135 Lawson, Thomas, 208 L.C., 63, 110, 139–40, 198, 216 Le Corbusier, 27, 28 Lefebvre, Henri, 6 Left, see politics; Marx(ism) legitimation, see authority Le Goff, Jacques, and Nora, Pierre, 95 Legs, 5, 78–9, 81, 83, 93, 114, 186 Leitch, Vincent B., 127, 186, 209 Lemaire, Gérard-Georges, 93 Lentricchia, Frank, x, 75, 90, 97, 98, 100 Leo, Vincent, 23 Lerner, Gerda, 71 Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel, 91, 92 lesbian, see gay/lesbian Lethen, Helmut, 20 Letters, 131 Levine, George, 106 Levine, Paul, 58, 131, 134, 136, 203 Levine, Sherrie, 77, 119, 140, 190, 228 Lewis, David, 148 Lewis, Mark, 165, 182 Lewis, Philip, 54, 55 Lewis, Thomas E., 146 liberal humanism, see humanism Lindenberger, Herbert, 91, 111 linguistic(s)/languages, 15, 17, 25, 53, 70, 75, 82–3, 85, 105, 141, 144–57, 164, 168–9, 175, 182–3, 184, 186, 187, 189, 191, 192, 194, 197, 199, 207 Little Big Man, 20, 132, 133 Lives of Girls and Women, 9 Lives of the Poets, 31 local, 12, 51, 58, 61, 97, 99, 204 Lodge, David, 2, 14, 51, 60 Longenbach, James, 88 Loon Lake, ix, 61, 84, 135–6, 215–16 Lucas, John, 218 Lucente, Gregory L., 10, 142, 221 Lukács, Georg, 23, 113–15, 204, 212, 214, 218 Lyotard, Jean-François, x, xiii, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14– 15, 20, 25, 43, 46, 48, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 80, 83, 129, 145, 150–1, 152, 155, 205, 208, 226, 229, 230 MacCabe, Colin, 184 McCaffery, Larry, 5–6, 8, 40, 50, 58, 194, 206 McCallum, Pamela, 122 MacCannell, Dean, and MacCannell, Juliet Flower, 54, 90 McCarthy, Mary, 145 McConnell, Frank, 134 McCormick, Carlo, 227 Macdonell, Diane, 184, 213, 214 McGinn, Colin, 147 McHale, Brian, 38, 50, 130 Macherey, Pierre, 211 MacKinnon, Catherine A., 68, 69 Macksey, Richard, and Donato, Eugenic, 100, 159 McLuhan, Marshall, 12 Maggot, A., ix, 20, 40, 47–8, 59, 64–5, 106, 109, 118, 120, 196 Mailer, Norman, 115, 117, 202 Major, Clarence, 206 Malmgren, Carl Darryl, 5, 154 Manganelli, Giorgio, 10, 142 Mann, Thomas, 50, 88, 128, 131 Manual for Manuel, A., 19, 181, 219 Marcuse, Herbert, 206 margin(al)(ize), 12, 16, 42, 49, 57–73, 96, 108, 110, 114, 130, 179, 187, 194–5, 198, 199, 200 Margolis, Joseph, 148 Marks, Elaine, and de Courtivron, Isabelle, 68 Martin, Richard, 93–4, 196 Martin, Wallace, 121 Marx(ism), xiii, 6, 7, 15, 21, 46, 53, 56, 66, 68, 69, 70, 80, 87, 89, 91, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 100, 134, 138, 139, 146, 178, 179, 184, 187, 188, 199, 200, 206, 208, 210–17, 218, 223, 226, 229, 230 Marxist-Feminist Literature Collective, 68 mass culture, 6, 7, 12, 21, 25–6, 41, 49, 61, 86, 137, 210, 212, 218, 222, 225, 228, 230–1 Massumi, Brian, 66 master narrative/meta-narrative, x, 6, 7, 13, 20, 46, 50, 56, 191, 229 Mazurek, Raymond A., 112, 133, 187, 193–4 Mazzaro, Jerome, 38, 182 Mellard, James M., 52 Menna, Filiberto, 120 metafiction, ix, 5–6, 17, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 52, Index 265 53, 56, 81, 94, 99, 108, 109, 110, 114, 115, 121, 124, 128, 132, 140, 142, 145, 149, 151, 153, 154, 155, 160, 161, 166, 170, 172, 179, 181, 183, 187, 206; see also historiographic metafiction meta-narrative, see master narrative Metscher, Thomas, 80 Michals, Duane, 177 Midnight’s Children, xii, 5, 11, 18, 44, 59, 69, 72, 81, 92, 94, 114, 118, 129, 161–4, 168, 177, 180, 189, 190 Mies van der Rohe, 28 Miller, J.Hillis, 87 Miller, Nancy K., 68 Mink, Louis O., xii, 56, 90, 121, 193 Mitchell, Juliet, 67, 170 Mitchell, Juliet, and Rose, Jacqueline, 170 Mitchell-Kernan, Claudia, 67 Mitchell, W.J.T., 181 modernism, ix, xi, 4, 23–4, 37, 38, 42, 43, 56, 78, 81, 108, 112, 118, 119, 125, 140, 141–2, 144, 157, 179, 185, 204, 205, 207, 217–18, 225, 230, 231; in architecture, 23, 25, 26, 27–8, 39, 40, 60, 194, 204; in literature, xii, 11, 23–4, 38, 40, 59, 66, 78, 117, 160, 212; vs. postmodernism, xi, 7–8, 11, 18–19, 20, 23–4, 26–7, 28–32, 37–8, 40–1, 43, 48–53, 59, 60, 88, 90, 101, 112, 119, 125, 140, 141–2, 144, 146, 194, 204 Moi, Toril, 62, 68, 69, 73, 217 Moore, Charles, ix, 27, 31–3, 40, 231 Morante, Elsa, 221 Morgan, Robert P., 140 Morgan, Robin, 62 Morrison, Toni, 50, 63–4, 68–9, 85, 125, 131, 151–2, 186 Moser, Walter, 17 Mulvey, Laura, 69, 170 Mumbo Jumbo, 16, 196 Munich, Adrienne, 67 Munro, Alice, 9 Munz, Peter, 122 Musarra, Ulla, 128 music, see postmodernism, in music myth, 16, 24, 26, 48, 50, 88, 101, 134 Nabokov, Vladimir, 51 Name of the Rose, The, x, 10, 14, 20, 44, 59, 100, 113, 128, 210 naming, 151–2, 183–4 narrative/narrativization, xii, 5, 11, 12, 17, 55, 56, 59, 61, 82, 84, 92, 93, 96–8, 106, 111, 112, 115, 117–18, 121–2, 128–9, 136–7, 143, 150–1, 160–1, 166, 171, 172, 183, 192–3, 227, 231 Nead, Lynda, 69 negative dialectics, 212, 218–19 Nelson, Gary, 185 neo-avant-garde, xii neo-baroque, 4 neo-baroque, 4 neoconservative, xiii, 8, 46, 205, 207, 208–9, 222, 226 New Art History, 91, 195 New Historicism, xiii, 91, 100, 195 New Journalism, 93, 115–17 Newman, Charles, 3, 6, 13, 15, 37, 42, 49, 51, 57, 58, 125, 156, 194, 209, 213, 222 New Novel, New New Novel (nouveau roman), xii, 4, 14, 40, 52, 108, 160, 165, 202 Newton, Judith Lowder, 68 Niesz, Anthony J., and Holland, Norman N., 77 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 6, 28, 58, 66, 90, 98, 99, 162, 187, 223, 230 Nights at the Circus, 61, 114 Nochlin, Linda, 182 non-fictional novel, 5, 115–17, 119, 132, 202 No Place on Earth, 108–9 Norris, Christopher, 13, 53, 146, 148, 149, 157, 205 nostalgia, xii, xiii, 4, 19, 24, 30, 39, 45, 46, 89, 90, 93, 195, 201, 203, 204, 208, 209, 212, 218, 225, 230 nouveau roman, see New Novel novel, see metafiction; historiographic metafiction Nye, Russel, B., 105 Obasan, 72 Of a Fire on the Moon, 115 Ohmann, Richard, 148, 155 Old Gringo, The, 40, 88, 155 Oliva, Achille Bonito, 12 Ondaatje, Michael, 9, 60, 114 One Hundred Years of Solitude, ix, 5, 129, 197 origin(al)(ity), xii, 11, 23, 26, 46, 57, 58, 76, 81, 87, 110, 126, 129, 136, 172, 190, 191, 211, 220 Orr, Linda, 225 Ortega y Gasset, José, 38, 218 Orvell, Miles, 229 other(ness), 6, 12, 42, 61, 62, 65, 66, 130 Owens, Craig, 10, 59–60, 121, 165, 182, 189 painting, see postmodernism, in painting Pale Fire, 51 Palmer, Richard, 6 paraliterary, 11, 38, 54 Parker, Andrew, 95 parody, x, 4, 5, 11, 16, 19, 20, 22–37, 39, 40, 44, 45, 50, 54, 59, 64, 66–7, 68, 77, 81, 82, 117, 118, 124–40, 175, 176, 182, 190, 192, 204, 207, 210–11, 220, 222, 224, 225 pastiche, 26, 211 Paterson, Janet, 3 Patteson, Richard, 130 Pavese, Cesare, 50 Peckham, Morse, 7 performance, see postmodernism, in performance and installations Perloff, Marjorie, 4, 121 266 A Poetics of Postmodernism philosophy, see postmodernism, in philosophy photography, see postmodernism, in photography Pistoletto, Michelangelo, 140 politics, xii, xiii, 4, 18, 22–37, 46, 51, 52, 54, 60, 61–5, 69–70, 71, 75, 77, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85–6, 89, 94, 95, 100, 111, 115, 120–1, 141, 150, 158, 160, 163, 165, 170, 178, 179, 181, 182, 184–5, 186, 187, 188, 193–4, 197–200, 201–21, 224, 230; see also Marx(ism); neoconservative Pop Art, 204, 228 Pops, Martin, 9 popular culture, 10, 20–1, 44–5, 132–3 Portoghesi, Paolo, ix, 4, 22, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 39, 60, 88, 93, 191, 226 possible worlds, 147, 152 postcolonial, 68, 72, 179, 200, 226, 230 postmodernism: in architecture, ix, xi, 3, 4, 16, 18, 22–37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 45, 52, 60, 61, 86, 88, 93, 101, 125, 128, 186, 194–5, 201, 204, 225, 228, 231; in dance, x, 3, 9, 22, 119, 182, 186, 228, 231; in drama, 38, 231; in fiction, see historiographic metafiction; in film, x, xi, 3, 4–5, 9, 19, 23, 26, 35, 41, 44, 51, 55, 61, 86, 88, 92, 118, 160, 165, 228, 231; and modernism, see modernism vs. postmodernism; in music, x, 3, 9, 22, 24, 26, 35, 51, 88, 93, 126, 182, 228, 231; in painting, x, 3, 9, 10, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 35, 38, 53, 61, 127, 128, 140, 165, 177, 182, 225, 227–8, 231; in performance and installations, 18, 60, 86; in philosophy, 3, 12, 15, 17, 19, 21, 50–1, 58, 151, 157, 159, 184, 191, 205, 229; in photography, x, 7, 10, 20, 23, 38, 53–4, 60, 77, 119, 159, 177, 190, 207, 228, 231; poetics of, ix, 3–21, 38, 48, 144, 158–9, 182, 186, 222, 224–5, 226, 231; in poetry, 9, 17, 38, 51, 61, 177, 182, 231; in sculpture, 3, 10, 20, 61; in television, 3; in theory, ix, xi, 10, 13, 14– 21, 25, 38, 53–6, 60, 70, 71, 78–9, 81, 83–4, 85, 94, 99–100, 111, 144, 150, 157, 158–9, 165, 188–9, 222, 226, 228–9, 231; in video art, x, 3, 22, 23, 38, 46, 61, 86 poststructuralism, xii, xiii, 15, 53, 54, 55, 68, 70, 81, 96, 99, 149, 160, 165, 166, 167, 170, 177, 188, 194, 205, 226 Pound, Ezra, 78, 88, 145, 148, 149, 155, 183, 218 power, xi, 9, 16, 18, 45, 62, 69, 86, 96, 98, 101, 120, 176, 178–200, 203, 205, 207, 209, 214, 216, 224, 229 Prince, Richard, 190 problematize, xi, xiii, 21, 40, 46, 47, 52, 55, 70, 78, 84, 87–101, 106, 111, 112, 117, 121, 122, 141, 144, 145, 152, 160–1, 166, 169, 176, 183, 185, 192, 208, 209, 212, 218, 220, 221, 224–5, 227, 229, 231 psychoanalysis, 3, 15, 53, 58, 67–8, 130, 166– 7, 170, 172, 174, 175, 189, 199, 230; see also Freud; Lacan Public Burning, The, 18, 56, 93, 106, 112, 114, 115, 121, 128, 133, 187, 193–4, 212 Puig, Manuel, 19, 85, 168, 199 Pullin, Faith, 68 purism, see modernism, in architecture Pütz, Manfred, 52 Pynchon, Thomas, 6, 47, 58, 120, 125, 130, 131, 133, 157, 192 Quarrington, Paul, 61 Rabinowitz, Peter J., 155 race, 12, 16, 59, 61–5, 70, 71, 72–3, 85, 98–90, 130, 134–5, 151–2, 159, 194, 196–9, 203, 216–17 Radhakrishnan, R., 13, 50 Ragtime, 5, 18, 40, 44, 61–2, 84, 89–90, 92, 114, 121, 130, 135, 136–7, 145–6, 147, 153, 203, 212 Rajchman, John, 58, 99 Rauschenberg, Robert, 9, 10, 11, 177 Rawson, Claude, 209 reader/reading/receiver, 5, 18, 36, 38, 45, 67, 68, 76–8, 79–80, 81, 83, 85, 86, 89, 91, 115, 117, 118, 120, 126, 156, 160, 161, 163, 167, 169, 172–3, 174, 198, 202–3, 206–7, 220–1, 223 realism, xii, 10, 15, 20, 43, 44, 45, 51, 59, 61, 75, 84, 91, 105, 109, 115, 117, 125, 129, 141, 147, 148, 149, 153, 161, 172, 173, 177, 180, 188, 210, 214, 219, 220, 225, 228, 229 Reed, Ishmael, ix, 16, 50, 70, 125, 126, 130–1, 134, 135, 196–8 Rees, A.L., and Borzello, Frances, 91 reference/referent(ial), xiii, 19, 20, 24, 40, 46, 52, 56, 57, 89, 93, 106, 117, 118–21, 127, 133, 141–57, 224, 225, 228, 229–30, 231 Reiss, Timothy J., 74–5, 83, 101 representation(s), xii, 7, 15, 17, 40, 41, 43, 52, 54, 69, 79, 82, 87, 92, 106, 108, 109, 110, 112, 117, 119, 120, 121–2, 125, 141, 142, 143, 144, 148, 156, 160, 161, 165, 172, 177, 180, 182, 183, 189, 192, 206, 207, 212, 228, 230 Return of Martin Guerre, The, 88, 192 revolutionary, ix, xiii, 63, 80, 86, 110, 129, 181, 182, 183, 198, 201, 206, 209, 210, 216, 218, 222, 230 Ricardou, Jean, 14 Richards, I.A., 109, 148 Ricoeur, Paul, 87, 92, 95–6, 100, 122, 147 Riffaterre, Michael, 126, 143 Rivers, Larry, 127 Robbe-Grillet, Alain, 14 Robbins, Tom, 133 Robertson, Mary F., 121 Robinson, Lillian S., and Vogel, Lise, 88 Index 267 Rochberg, George, 11, 88, 93, 126, 182 romantic(ism), 24, 26, 42, 51, 52, 78, 108, 109, 179, 202, 205, 211, 217 Rorty, Richard, 13, 14, 25, 54, 55, 58, 145, 147, 148, 205 Rosenberg, Harold, 210, 211, 217 Rosler, Martha, viii, 14, 207, 228 Rossi, Aldo, ix Rosso, Stefano, 39, 45, 86 Roth, Martin, 48 Running in the Family, 60, 114 Rushdie, Salman, ix xii, 9, 11, 47, 59, 60, 69, 72, 81, 92, 98, 108, 120, 126, 129, 161, 179, 187, 227 Russell, Charles, 6, 11, 13, 24, 25, 35, 36, 38, 41, 42, 47, 50, 51, 59, 84, 145, 181, 218, 219 Russian Formalism, 219, 227 Ruthven, K.K., 21, 66, 69 Ryan, Michael, 209, 224 Rzewski, Frederic, 182 Saad, Gabriel, 122 Said, Edward W., xii, 16, 24, 34, 54, 58, 61, 66, 69, 75, 81, 86, 98, 124, 129, 130, 158, 167, 189, 224 Sarduy, Severe, 4 Sauro, Carlos, 51 Saussure, Ferdinand de, 25, 55, 65, 70, 78, 141, 147, 148–9, 150 Sayres, Sohnya et al., 57 Schafer, Roy, 174 Schaffer, E.S., 58 Schindler’s Ark, 116 Schmid, Herta, 38 Schmidt, S.J., 146 Scholes, Robert, 58, 116, 183 Schulz, Max, 132 Scorched-Wood People, The, 16, 117, 147 Scott, Chris, 58 Scott, Walter, 106 sculpture, see postmodernism, in sculpture Seamon, Roger, G., 105 Searle, John R., 119, 147, 148, 155 Seelye, John, 136 Segal, George, 93 Sekula, Allan, 207 (self-)reflexivity/self-consciousness, ix, x, xiii, 5, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 22, 33, 35, 40, 41, 43–4, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 70, 75, 77, 79, 81, 82, 86, 114, 116, 117, 120, 128, 140, 142, 149, 153, 157, 160, 170, 181–3, 184, 205, 206, 211, 219, 220–1, 223, 224, 225, 227 semiotic(s), x, 21, 25, 33, 35, 39, 41, 53, 54, 82, 85, 90, 96, 99, 100, 122, 144, 146, 147, 156, 157, 161, 189, 218 sexual orientation, see gay/lesbian Shakespeare, William, x, 68, 155, 179, 182, 208 Shame, ix, 9, 60, 72, 92, 106, 108, 120, 179, 187, 188, 206, 227 Shaw, Harry E., 113 Sherman, Cindy, 159, 228 Showalter, Elaine, 67 signifying practices (systems), 13, 21, 74–5, 82, 93, 98, 99, 112, 133, 140, 214, 230 Silverman, Kaja, 68, 159, 160, 165, 166, 168–70, 172, 176 simulacrum, xiii, 223, 228, 229 Siska, William C., 41 sixties, the, xi, 8, 57–8, 61–3, 93, 115–16, 201–3, 212 Skvorecky, Josef, 88, 132 Slaughterhouse-Five, 44, 92, 128, 194 Smart, Robert Augustin, 117 Smith, Barbara, 68 Smith, Barbara Herrnstein, 82, 109, 119 Smith, Paul, 54, 67, 211 Smith, Thomas Gordon, 34–5 Snead, James A., 67 Sollors, Werner, 71 Solomon-Godeau, Abigail, 207, 228 Song of Solomon, 63–4, 67, 131, 134–5, 151–2 Sontag, Susan, 8, 50 Sot-Weed Factor, The, 132, 133 Spacks, Patricia Meyer, 67 Spanos, William V., 38, 51, 52, 88 Sparshott, Francis E., 142, 148 speech-act theory, 76, 168 Spender, Stephen, 48 Spivak, Gayatri, 66, 68 Star Turn, 40, 92, 118, 147, 188, 212, 214 Stark, John, 137 Steinberg, Cobbett, 133 Steiner, Wendy, 140 Stern, Daniel, 6 Stern, Robert, ix, 33 Stockhausen, Karlheinz, 24, 93 Streep, Harry, 182 structuralism, 14, 52, 55, 82, 109, 147, 148–9, 169 Struever, Nancy S., 96, 115 Studhorse Man, The, 139 subject(ivity), xii, 8, 11, 12, 17, 19, 42, 55, 57, 58, 59, 65, 67–8, 70–1, 74–5, 81, 82, 83–6, 90, 98, 106, 117–18, 121, 126, 127, 158–77, 187, 188, 189, 191, 205, 218, 220, 226, 231 Sukenick, Ronald, 14, 40, 42, 71, 93, 94, 156, 186, 210, 211 Sula, 85 Suleiman, Susan Rubin, 4, 16, 38, 66, 180, 215 surfiction, xii, 14, 40, 52, 108, 111, 119, 141, 203 Swan, Susan, 16 Swift, Graham, xi, 15, 55, 61, 117, 123, 184 Tafuri, Manfredo, 101, 218, 226 Tani, Stefano, 20 Tansey, Mark, 140, 227–8 Tar Baby, 68–9, 186 268 A Poetics of Postmodernism teleology, see closure television, see postmodernism, in television Tel Quel, xii, 53, 126, 141, 203 Temptations of Big Bear, The, 15, 83, 144, 149 Terra Nostra, 212 Terrible Twos, The, 130–1, 196–7 text(ual)(ity), 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 25, 66, 80–1, 84, 93, 96, 98, 105, 106, 114, 118–19, 125, 127, 128–9, 133, 136, 143, 153, 154, 155, 156, 167, 190, 206, 213, 225, 231 theory, see postmodernism, in theory Thiher, Allen, 17, 51, 125, 126, 128, 129, 141 Thomas, Audrey, 70, 139 Thomas, D.M., xii, 11, 59, 83, 117, 126, 165–7 Thompson, Hunter S., 115 Thompson, John O., 157 Thurley, Geoffrey, 226 Tigerman, Stanley, 4 Tin Drum, The, ix, 94, 121, 129, 197, 206 Todd, Richard, 44, 52 Todorov, Tzvetan, 14, 54, 109 Tompkins, Jane, 108 totalize, xi, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 41, 46, 47, 51, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 71, 75, 84, 87, 97, 98, 101, 116, 133, 164, 166, 169, 175, 177, 186, 194, 200, 205, 209, 214–15, 217, 224, 229, 231 Toulmin, Stephen, 6 trace, see Derrida; document(ary) transparency, 75, 92, 105, 129, 166, 177, 212, 219, 229 Trenner, Richard, 44, 93, 130, 136, 146, 200 Tristram Shandy, 41, 162, 181 Twombly, Cy, 9 universal, see humanism USA, 136–7 V., 131 vanDijk, Teun A., 82 van Eyck, Aldo, 29–30 Vattimo, Gianni, 6, 7, 186, 191 Vattimo, Gianni, and Rovatii, Pier Aldo, 191 Venturi, Robert, 31 Veyne, Paul, xii, 56, 80, 90, 106, 111, 153 Vidal, Albert, 60 video art, see postmodernism, in video Vie en Prose, La, 67 Villemaire, Yolande, 67 Volponi, Paolo, 150 Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr, 129, 194 Vreeland, Thomas, 33 Walker, Alice, 63, 70, 134, 200 Wallis, Brian, 230 Walton, Kendall L., 156 Wars, The, 114 Wasson, Richard, 8 Waterland, xi, 15, 55, 108, 117–18, 123, 180, 214 Watkins, Evan, 17, 48 Watson, Ian, 15, 92, 110–11, 184 Watt, Ian, 162, 179 Waugh, Patricia, 128, 133, 180, 183, 197, 206 weak thought (pensiero debole), 7, 186, 191 Weber, Ronald, 116 Weinstein, Mark A., 113 Weiss, Peter, 217 Welcome to Hard Times, 20, 111–12, 133–4 Wesselman, Tom, 10, 127 West, Cornel, 214 Western genre, 20, 132, 133–4, 139 White, Hayden, xii, 14, 15, 56, 88, 90, 94, 96, 98, 99, 100, 105, 106, 111, 120, 121, 123, 128, 143–4, 146, 154, 192–3 White Hotel, The, xii, 11, 19, 59, 83, 92, 117, 121, 160, 161, 165–7, 168–9, 170, 171–7, 189 White, Morton, 96 Wiebe, Rudy, 15, 83, 117, 144, 147, 198 Wilde, Alan, 2, 5, 7, 20, 48, 50, 52, 190 Wilde, Oscar, 96 Williams, Brooke, 122 Williams, John, 114 Williams, Nigel, 118, 147 Williams, Raymond, 8, 178, 213, 214 Willis, Ellen, 62–3 Willis, Susan, 63, 67, 68 Wimsatt, W.K., Jr, and Beardsley, Monroe, 126 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 113, 141, 150 Wolf, Christa, xii, 22–3, 43, 66, 85, 93, 95, 108–9, 129, 194–5 Wolfe, Tom, 27, 31, 58, 115, 202 Wolff, Christian, 182 Woman Warrior, The, ix, 41, 70–1, 72–3 women/women’s studies, see feminism Woolf, Virginia, 49, 67, 88, 117, 139, 160 Wylder, Delbert E., 132 Yates, Marie, 53 Yellow Back Radio Broke-Down, 133 Zavarzadeh, Mas’ud, 42, 58, 116, 154, 188, 192 Zeidler, Eberhardt, 31 Zimmerman, Bonnie, 68 Ziolkowski, Theodore, 9 Zurbrugg, Nicholas, 19, 50