AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies
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+ | In response to the [[AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies|AFI list of 100 greatest American movies]] published in 1998, [[Jonathan Rosenbaum]] published his own list [[Rosenbaum's Alternate 100]][http://www.chicagoreader.com/movies/100best.html], focusing on less well-established, more diverse films. It also includes works by important American directors (such as [[John Cassavetes]]) who were absent from the AFI list." | ||
+ | |} | ||
{{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
- | In response to the [[AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies|AFI list of 100 greatest American movies]] published in 1998, [[Jonathan Rosenbaum]] published his own list [[ROSENBAUM'S ALTERNATE 100]][http://www.chicagoreader.com/movies/100best.html], focusing on less well-established, more diverse films. It also includes works by important American directors (such as [[John Cassavetes]]) who were absent from the AFI list. | ||
- | In his most recent collection, ''[[Essential Cinema: On the Necessity of Film Canons]]'' (2004), he appended a more general list of his 1,000 favorite films of all nationalities, slightly over half of which were American. | + | The first of the [[AFI 100 Years... series]] of cinematic milestones, '''AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies''' is a list of the 100 best American movies, as determined by the [[American Film Institute]] from a poll of more than 1,500 artists and leaders in the [[film]] industry. The list was unveiled in [[1998]]. |
+ | |||
+ | It was released in video in two versions: a 145-minute version, which aired on [[CBS]], and a 460-minute version available only on video. It was hosted by [[Jodie Foster]], among others. | ||
+ | |||
+ | An updated version of the list, billed as a [[AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|10th Anniversary]] edition, aired on CBS on [[June 20]], [[2007]], and was hosted by [[Morgan Freeman]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Criteria == | ||
+ | |||
+ | Films were judged according to the following criteria. | ||
+ | |||
+ | # ''Feature-length'': Narrative format, at least 40 minutes in length. | ||
+ | # ''American film'': English language, with significant creative and/or financial production elements from the United States. | ||
+ | # ''Critical Recognition'': Formal commendation in print. | ||
+ | # ''Major Award Winner'': Recognition from competitive events including awards from organizations in the film community and major film festivals. | ||
+ | # ''Popularity Over Time'': Including figures for box office adjusted for inflation, television broadcasts and syndication, and home video sales and rentals. | ||
+ | # ''Historical Significance'': A film's mark on the history of the moving image through technical innovation, visionary narrative devices or other groundbreaking achievements. | ||
+ | # ''Cultural Impact'': A film's mark on American society in matters of style and substance. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==1998 List== | ||
+ | <!---DO NOT DELETE THIS LIST AS A COPYVIO. THIS LIST IS IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. For copyright clarification for this list, please see OTRS ticket 2007041310002766 --> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
+ | ! Rank | ||
+ | ! Title | ||
+ | ! Year | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 1 | ||
+ | | ''[[Citizen Kane]]'' | ||
+ | | 1941 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 2 | ||
+ | | ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]'' | ||
+ | | 1942 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 3 | ||
+ | | ''[[The Godfather]]'' | ||
+ | | 1972 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 4 | ||
+ | | ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' | ||
+ | | 1939 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 5 | ||
+ | | ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]'' | ||
+ | | 1962 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 6 | ||
+ | | ''[[The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1939_film)|The Wizard of Oz]]'' | ||
+ | | 1939 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 7 | ||
+ | | ''[[The Graduate]]'' | ||
+ | | 1967 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 8 | ||
+ | | ''[[On the Waterfront]]'' | ||
+ | | 1954 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 9 | ||
+ | | ''[[Schindler's List]]'' | ||
+ | | 1993 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 10 | ||
+ | | ''[[Singin' in the Rain (film)|Singin' in the Rain]]'' | ||
+ | | 1952 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 11 | ||
+ | | ''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]'' | ||
+ | | 1946 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 12 | ||
+ | | ''[[Sunset Boulevard (film)|Sunset Boulevard]]'' | ||
+ | | 1950 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 13 | ||
+ | | ''[[The Bridge on the River Kwai]]'' | ||
+ | | 1957 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 14 | ||
+ | | ''[[Some Like It Hot]]'' | ||
+ | | 1959 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 15 | ||
+ | | ''[[Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope|Star Wars]]'' | ||
+ | | 1977 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 16 | ||
+ | | ''[[All About Eve]]'' | ||
+ | | 1950 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 17 | ||
+ | | ''[[The African Queen]]'' | ||
+ | | 1951 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 18 | ||
+ | | ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'' | ||
+ | | 1960 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 19 | ||
+ | | ''[[Chinatown (film)|Chinatown]]'' | ||
+ | | 1974 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 20 | ||
+ | | ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]'' | ||
+ | | 1975 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 21 | ||
+ | | ''[[The Grapes of Wrath (film)|The Grapes of Wrath]]'' | ||
+ | | 1940 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 22 | ||
+ | | ''[[2001: A Space Odyssey (film)|2001: A Space Odyssey]]'' | ||
+ | | 1968 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 23 | ||
+ | |''[[The Maltese Falcon (1941 film)|The Maltese Falcon]]'' | ||
+ | | 1941 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 24 | ||
+ | | ''[[Raging Bull]]'' | ||
+ | | 1980 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 25 | ||
+ | | ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'' | ||
+ | | 1982 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 26 | ||
+ | | ''[[Dr. Strangelove|Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb]]'' | ||
+ | | 1964 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 27 | ||
+ | | ''[[Bonnie and Clyde (film)|Bonnie and Clyde]]'' | ||
+ | | 1967 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 28 | ||
+ | | ''[[Apocalypse Now]]'' | ||
+ | | 1979 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 29 | ||
+ | | ''[[Mr. Smith Goes to Washington]]'' | ||
+ | | 1939 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 30 | ||
+ | | ''[[The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (film)|The Treasure of the Sierra Madre]]'' | ||
+ | | 1948 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 31 | ||
+ | | ''[[Annie Hall]]'' | ||
+ | | 1977 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 32 | ||
+ | | ''[[The Godfather Part II]]'' | ||
+ | | 1974 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 33 | ||
+ | | ''[[High Noon]]'' | ||
+ | | 1952 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 34 | ||
+ | | ''[[To Kill a Mockingbird (film)|To Kill a Mockingbird]]'' | ||
+ | | 1962 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 35 | ||
+ | | ''[[It Happened One Night]]'' | ||
+ | | 1934 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 36 | ||
+ | | ''[[Midnight Cowboy]]'' | ||
+ | | 1969 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 37 | ||
+ | | ''[[The Best Years of Our Lives]]'' | ||
+ | | 1946 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 38 | ||
+ | | ''[[Double Indemnity (film)|Double Indemnity]]'' | ||
+ | | 1944 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 39 | ||
+ | |''[[Doctor Zhivago (film)|Doctor Zhivago]]'' | ||
+ | | 1965 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 40 | ||
+ | | ''[[North by Northwest]]'' | ||
+ | | 1959 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 41 | ||
+ | | ''[[West Side Story (film)|West Side Story]]'' | ||
+ | | 1961 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 42 | ||
+ | | ''[[Rear Window]]'' | ||
+ | | 1954 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 43 | ||
+ | | ''[[King Kong (1933 film)|King Kong]]'' | ||
+ | | 1933 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 44 | ||
+ | | ''[[The Birth of a Nation]]'' | ||
+ | | 1915 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 45 | ||
+ | |''[[A Streetcar Named Desire (film)|A Streetcar Named Desire]]'' | ||
+ | | 1951 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 46 | ||
+ | | ''[[A Clockwork Orange (film)|A Clockwork Orange]]'' | ||
+ | | 1971 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 47 | ||
+ | | ''[[Taxi Driver]]'' | ||
+ | | 1976 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 48 | ||
+ | | ''[[Jaws (film)|Jaws]]'' | ||
+ | | 1975 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 49 | ||
+ | | ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' | ||
+ | | 1937 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 50 | ||
+ | | ''[[Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid]]'' | ||
+ | | 1969 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 51 | ||
+ | | ''[[The Philadelphia Story]]'' | ||
+ | | 1940 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 52 | ||
+ | | ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' | ||
+ | | 1953 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 53 | ||
+ | | ''[[Amadeus (film)|Amadeus]]'' | ||
+ | | 1984 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 54 | ||
+ | | ''[[All Quiet on the Western Front (1930 film)|All Quiet on the Western Front]]'' | ||
+ | | 1930 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 55 | ||
+ | | ''[[The Sound of Music (film)|The Sound of Music]]'' | ||
+ | | 1965 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 56 | ||
+ | | ''[[MASH (film)|M*A*S*H]]'' | ||
+ | | 1970 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 57 | ||
+ | | ''[[The Third Man]]'' | ||
+ | | 1949 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 58 | ||
+ | | ''[[Fantasia (film)|Fantasia]]'' | ||
+ | | 1940 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 59 | ||
+ | | ''[[Rebel Without a Cause]]'' | ||
+ | | 1955 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 60 | ||
+ | | ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'' | ||
+ | | 1981 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 61 | ||
+ | | ''[[Vertigo (film)|Vertigo]]'' | ||
+ | | 1958 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 62 | ||
+ | | ''[[Tootsie]]'' | ||
+ | | 1982 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 63 | ||
+ | | ''[[Stagecoach (film)|Stagecoach]]'' | ||
+ | | 1939 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 64 | ||
+ | | ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]'' | ||
+ | | 1977 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 65 | ||
+ | |''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]'' | ||
+ | | 1991 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 66 | ||
+ | | ''[[Network (film)|Network]]'' | ||
+ | | 1976 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 67 | ||
+ | | ''[[The Manchurian Candidate (1962 film)|The Manchurian Candidate]]'' | ||
+ | | 1962 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 68 | ||
+ | | ''[[An American in Paris (film)|An American in Paris]]'' | ||
+ | | 1951 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 69 | ||
+ | | ''[[Shane (film)|Shane]]'' | ||
+ | | 1953 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 70 | ||
+ | | ''[[The French Connection (film)|The French Connection]]'' | ||
+ | | 1971 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 71 | ||
+ | | ''[[Forrest Gump (film)|Forrest Gump]]'' | ||
+ | | 1994 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 72 | ||
+ | | ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]'' | ||
+ | | 1959 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 73 | ||
+ | | ''[[Wuthering Heights (1939 film)|Wuthering Heights]]'' | ||
+ | | 1939 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 74 | ||
+ | | ''[[ The Gold Rush]]'' | ||
+ | | 1925 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 75 | ||
+ | | ''[[Dances with Wolves]]'' | ||
+ | | 1990 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 76 | ||
+ | | ''[[City Lights]]'' | ||
+ | | 1931 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 77 | ||
+ | | ''[[American Graffiti]]'' | ||
+ | | 1973 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 78 | ||
+ | | ''[[Rocky]]'' | ||
+ | | 1976 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 79 | ||
+ | | ''[[The Deer Hunter]]'' | ||
+ | | 1978 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 80 | ||
+ | | ''[[The Wild Bunch]]'' | ||
+ | | 1969 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 81 | ||
+ | | ''[[Modern Times (film)|Modern Times]]'' | ||
+ | | 1936 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 82 | ||
+ | | ''[[Giant (film)|Giant]]'' | ||
+ | | 1956 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 83 | ||
+ | | ''[[Platoon (film)|Platoon]]'' | ||
+ | | 1986 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 84 | ||
+ | | ''[[Fargo (film)|Fargo]]'' | ||
+ | | 1996 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 85 | ||
+ | | ''[[Duck Soup]]'' | ||
+ | | 1933 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 86 | ||
+ | | ''[[Mutiny on the Bounty (1935 film)|Mutiny on the Bounty]]'' | ||
+ | | 1935 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 87 | ||
+ | | ''[[Frankenstein (1931 film)|Frankenstein]]'' | ||
+ | | 1931 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 88 | ||
+ | | ''[[Easy Rider]]'' | ||
+ | | 1969 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 89 | ||
+ | | ''[[Patton (film)|Patton]]'' | ||
+ | | 1970 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 90 | ||
+ | | ''[[The Jazz Singer (1927 film)|The Jazz Singer]]'' | ||
+ | | 1927 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 91 | ||
+ | | ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]'' | ||
+ | | 1964 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 92 | ||
+ | | ''[[A Place in the Sun]]'' | ||
+ | | 1951 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 93 | ||
+ | | ''[[The Apartment]]'' | ||
+ | | 1960 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 94 | ||
+ | | ''[[Goodfellas]]'' | ||
+ | | 1990 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 95 | ||
+ | | ''[[Pulp Fiction (film)|Pulp Fiction]]'' | ||
+ | | 1994 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 96 | ||
+ | | ''[[The Searchers (film)|The Searchers]]'' | ||
+ | | 1956 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 97 | ||
+ | | ''[[Bringing Up Baby]]'' | ||
+ | | 1938 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 98 | ||
+ | | ''[[Unforgiven]]'' | ||
+ | | 1992 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 99 | ||
+ | | ''[[Guess Who's Coming to Dinner]]'' | ||
+ | | 1967 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | align=center | 100 | ||
+ | | ''[[Yankee Doodle Dandy]]'' | ||
+ | | 1942 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==2007 List comparison== | ||
+ | On June 20, 2007, a [[AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|new list]] was released by AFI to update for the new generation of films. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Twenty-three films were removed from the original list: | ||
+ | |||
+ | 39. ''[[Doctor Zhivago (film)|Doctor Zhivago]]'' (1965)<br> | ||
+ | 44. ''[[The Birth of a Nation]]'' (1915)<br> | ||
+ | 52. ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' (1953)<br> | ||
+ | 53. ''[[Amadeus (film)|Amadeus]]'' (1984)<br> | ||
+ | 54. ''[[All Quiet on the Western Front (1930 film)|All Quiet on the Western Front]]'' (1930)<br> | ||
+ | 57. ''[[The Third Man]]'' (1949)<br> | ||
+ | 58. ''[[Fantasia (film)|Fantasia]]'' (1940)<br> | ||
+ | 59. ''[[Rebel Without a Cause]]'' (1955)<br> | ||
+ | 63. ''[[Stagecoach (film) | Stagecoach]]'' (1939)<br> | ||
+ | 64. ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]'' (1977)<br> | ||
+ | 67. ''[[The Manchurian Candidate (1962 film)|The Manchurian Candidate]]'' (1962)<br> | ||
+ | 68. ''[[An American in Paris (film)|An American in Paris]]'' (1951)<br> | ||
+ | 73. ''[[Wuthering Heights (1939 film)|Wuthering Heights]]'' (1939)<br> | ||
+ | 75. ''[[Dances with Wolves]]'' (1990)<br> | ||
+ | 82. ''[[Giant (film)|Giant]]'' (1956)<br> | ||
+ | 84. ''[[Fargo (film)|Fargo]]'' (1996)<br> | ||
+ | 86. ''[[Mutiny on the Bounty]]'' (1935)<br> | ||
+ | 87. ''[[Frankenstein (1931 film)|Frankenstein]]'' (1931)<br> | ||
+ | 89. ''[[Patton (film)|Patton]]'' (1970)<br> | ||
+ | 90. ''[[The Jazz Singer (1927 film)|The Jazz Singer]]'' (1927)<br> | ||
+ | 91. ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]'' (1964)<br> | ||
+ | 92. ''[[A Place in the Sun]]'' (1951)<br> | ||
+ | 99. ''[[Guess Who's Coming to Dinner]]'' (1967) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Four films released between 1997-2006 were added: | ||
+ | |||
+ | 50. [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (film)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'']] (2001)<br> | ||
+ | 71. ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'' (1998)<br> | ||
+ | 83. ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'' (1997)<br> | ||
+ | 89. ''[[The Sixth Sense]]'' (1999) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Nineteen films made between 1916-1995 were also added: | ||
+ | |||
+ | 18. ''[[The General (1927 film)|The General]]'' (1927)<br> | ||
+ | 49. ''[[Intolerance (film)|Intolerance]]'' (1916)<br> | ||
+ | 59. ''[[Nashville (film)|Nashville]]'' (1975)<br> | ||
+ | 61. ''[[Sullivan's Travels]]'' (1941)<br> | ||
+ | 63. ''[[Cabaret (film)|Cabaret]]'' (1972)<br> | ||
+ | 67. ''[[Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (film)|Who's Afraid Of Virginia Woolf?]]'' (1966)<br> | ||
+ | 72. ''[[The Shawshank Redemption]]'' (1994)<br> | ||
+ | 75. ''[[In the Heat of the Night (film)|In the Heat of the Night]]'' (1967)<br> | ||
+ | 77. ''[[All the President's Men (film)|All the President's Men]]'' (1976)<br> | ||
+ | 81. ''[[Spartacus (film)|Spartacus]]'' (1960)<br> | ||
+ | 82. ''[[Sunrise (film)|Sunrise]]'' (1927)<br> | ||
+ | 85. ''[[A Night at the Opera (film)|A Night at the Opera]]'' (1935)<br> | ||
+ | 87. ''[[12 Angry Men]]'' (1957)<br> | ||
+ | 90. ''[[Swing Time]]'' (1936)<br> | ||
+ | 91. ''[[Sophie's Choice (film)|Sophie's Choice]]'' (1982)<br> | ||
+ | 95. ''[[The Last Picture Show]]'' (1971)<br> | ||
+ | 96. ''[[Do the Right Thing]]'' (1989)<br> | ||
+ | 97. ''[[Blade Runner]]'' (1982)<br> | ||
+ | 99. ''[[Toy Story]]'' (1995)<br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Criticisms== | ||
+ | As with the [[Academy Awards]], the list of those who vote and the final vote tally is not released to the public. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The lack of "American" workers in some of these films has been criticized. ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]'' was directed by [[David Lean]], an [[English people|Englishman]] - as indeed was ''[[Bridge on the River Kwai]]'' - and first premiered in [[London]], but qualified as an American film because it was [[film producer|produced]] by an American citizen. ''[[The Third Man]]'' was included because its executive producer and two leading actors were American. Both films were chosen by the [[British Film Institute]] for ''its'' [[BFI Top 100 British films|top 100 list]]. ''[[The African Queen]]'' was a production of [[Horizon Pictures]], a British studio, but qualified as an American film because the two stars were American and the director was American. ''[[A Clockwork Orange (film)|A Clockwork Orange]]'', another British film, was based on the American version of [[A Clockwork Orange|the novel]]. Some of the later lists have often ignored the national criteria altogether. | ||
+ | |||
+ | On June 26, 1998, the ''[[Chicago Reader]]'' published an article by film critic [[Jonathan Rosenbaum]] which offers a detailed response to the movies in the AFI list and includes an alternate list of 100 American movies that Rosenbaum felt had been overlooked by the AFI. Rosenbaum chose to present this alternative list alphabetically since to rank them according to merit would be "tantamount to ranking oranges over apples or declaring cherries superior to grapes." The [[AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)]] list includes five titles from Rosenbaum's list, and the accompanying promotional poster lists the titles in alphabetical order. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Among other criticisms were that: more than half of the films were from years between [[1950 in film|1950]] to [[1979 in film|1979]] leaving the [[silent film|silent era]] and "modern era" virtually ignored, and there are no films by female or black directors represented on the list. Critic [[Mick LaSalle]] accused the AFI of promoting "moronic consensus." | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==See also== | ||
+ | :''[[film canon]]'' | ||
+ | * [[BFI Top 100 British films]] | ||
{{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} |
Current revision
In response to the AFI list of 100 greatest American movies published in 1998, Jonathan Rosenbaum published his own list Rosenbaum's Alternate 100[1], focusing on less well-established, more diverse films. It also includes works by important American directors (such as John Cassavetes) who were absent from the AFI list." |
Related e |
Featured: |
The first of the AFI 100 Years... series of cinematic milestones, AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies is a list of the 100 best American movies, as determined by the American Film Institute from a poll of more than 1,500 artists and leaders in the film industry. The list was unveiled in 1998.
It was released in video in two versions: a 145-minute version, which aired on CBS, and a 460-minute version available only on video. It was hosted by Jodie Foster, among others.
An updated version of the list, billed as a 10th Anniversary edition, aired on CBS on June 20, 2007, and was hosted by Morgan Freeman.
Contents |
Criteria
Films were judged according to the following criteria.
- Feature-length: Narrative format, at least 40 minutes in length.
- American film: English language, with significant creative and/or financial production elements from the United States.
- Critical Recognition: Formal commendation in print.
- Major Award Winner: Recognition from competitive events including awards from organizations in the film community and major film festivals.
- Popularity Over Time: Including figures for box office adjusted for inflation, television broadcasts and syndication, and home video sales and rentals.
- Historical Significance: A film's mark on the history of the moving image through technical innovation, visionary narrative devices or other groundbreaking achievements.
- Cultural Impact: A film's mark on American society in matters of style and substance.
1998 List
2007 List comparison
On June 20, 2007, a new list was released by AFI to update for the new generation of films.
Twenty-three films were removed from the original list:
39. Doctor Zhivago (1965)
44. The Birth of a Nation (1915)
52. From Here to Eternity (1953)
53. Amadeus (1984)
54. All Quiet on the Western Front (1930)
57. The Third Man (1949)
58. Fantasia (1940)
59. Rebel Without a Cause (1955)
63. Stagecoach (1939)
64. Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977)
67. The Manchurian Candidate (1962)
68. An American in Paris (1951)
73. Wuthering Heights (1939)
75. Dances with Wolves (1990)
82. Giant (1956)
84. Fargo (1996)
86. Mutiny on the Bounty (1935)
87. Frankenstein (1931)
89. Patton (1970)
90. The Jazz Singer (1927)
91. My Fair Lady (1964)
92. A Place in the Sun (1951)
99. Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967)
Four films released between 1997-2006 were added:
50. The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)
71. Saving Private Ryan (1998)
83. Titanic (1997)
89. The Sixth Sense (1999)
Nineteen films made between 1916-1995 were also added:
18. The General (1927)
49. Intolerance (1916)
59. Nashville (1975)
61. Sullivan's Travels (1941)
63. Cabaret (1972)
67. Who's Afraid Of Virginia Woolf? (1966)
72. The Shawshank Redemption (1994)
75. In the Heat of the Night (1967)
77. All the President's Men (1976)
81. Spartacus (1960)
82. Sunrise (1927)
85. A Night at the Opera (1935)
87. 12 Angry Men (1957)
90. Swing Time (1936)
91. Sophie's Choice (1982)
95. The Last Picture Show (1971)
96. Do the Right Thing (1989)
97. Blade Runner (1982)
99. Toy Story (1995)
Criticisms
As with the Academy Awards, the list of those who vote and the final vote tally is not released to the public.
The lack of "American" workers in some of these films has been criticized. Lawrence of Arabia was directed by David Lean, an Englishman - as indeed was Bridge on the River Kwai - and first premiered in London, but qualified as an American film because it was produced by an American citizen. The Third Man was included because its executive producer and two leading actors were American. Both films were chosen by the British Film Institute for its top 100 list. The African Queen was a production of Horizon Pictures, a British studio, but qualified as an American film because the two stars were American and the director was American. A Clockwork Orange, another British film, was based on the American version of the novel. Some of the later lists have often ignored the national criteria altogether.
On June 26, 1998, the Chicago Reader published an article by film critic Jonathan Rosenbaum which offers a detailed response to the movies in the AFI list and includes an alternate list of 100 American movies that Rosenbaum felt had been overlooked by the AFI. Rosenbaum chose to present this alternative list alphabetically since to rank them according to merit would be "tantamount to ranking oranges over apples or declaring cherries superior to grapes." The AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) list includes five titles from Rosenbaum's list, and the accompanying promotional poster lists the titles in alphabetical order.
Among other criticisms were that: more than half of the films were from years between 1950 to 1979 leaving the silent era and "modern era" virtually ignored, and there are no films by female or black directors represented on the list. Critic Mick LaSalle accused the AFI of promoting "moronic consensus."
See also