William Whewell  

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-The '''history of science''' is the study of the historical development of [[science]] and scientific knowledge, including both the [[natural science]]s and [[social science]]s. (The history of the arts and humanities are termed the [[history of scholarship]].) From the 18th century through late 20th century, the history of science, especially of the physical and biological sciences, was often seen as a narrative of true theories replacing false ones. More recent historical interpretations, such as those of [[Thomas Kuhn]], portray the history of science in more nuanced terms, such as that of competing paradigms or conceptual systems in a wider matrix that includes intellectual, cultural, economic and political themes outside of science. 
-'''[[Science]]''' is a body of [[empirical knowledge|empirical]], [[theory|theoretical]], and [[Procedural knowledge|practical]] knowledge about the [[Nature|natural world]], produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, [[scientific explanation|explanation]], and prediction of real world [[phenomenon|phenomena]]. [[Historiography]] of science, in contrast, often draws on the [[historical method]]s of both [[intellectual history]] and [[social history]]. However, the English word ''scientist'' is relatively recent—first coined by [[William Whewell]] in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves [[natural philosophers]].+'''William Whewell''' [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] [[Geological Society of London|FGS]], ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|juː|ə|l}} {{respell|HEW|əl}}; 24 May 1794 – 6 March 1866) was an [[English people|English]] [[polymath]], [[scientist]], [[Anglican]] [[priest]], [[philosopher]], [[theologian]], and [[History of science|historian of science]]. He was Master of [[Trinity College, Cambridge]].
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-While [[empirical]] [[Discovery (observation)|investigations]] of the natural world have been described since [[classical antiquity]] (for example, by [[Thales]], [[Aristotle]], and others), and [[scientific method]]s have been employed since the [[Middle Ages]] (for example, by [[Ibn al-Haytham]], and [[Roger Bacon]]), the dawn of [[#Modern science|modern science]] is often traced back to the [[early modern period]], during what is known as the [[Scientific revolution|Scientific Revolution]] that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be ''pre-scientific''.+
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-Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.+
==See also== ==See also==
-* [[History]]+* [[Catastrophism]]
-** [[2000s in science and technology]]+* [[Uniformitarianism (science)|Uniformitarianism]]
-** [[History of mathematics]]+* [[Francis Henry Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater|Earl of Bridgewater]] for other ''Bridgewater Treatise''
-** [[History of physics]]+* [[Law of three stages]] for Whewell's opposition to Auguste Comte's [[positivism]]
-** [[History of philosophy]]+* [[Michael Faraday]]
-** [[History of science and technology]]+
-** [[History of science and technology in China]]+
-** [[History of technology]]+
-** [[Science and technology in Canada]]+
-** [[Science and technology in India]]+
-** [[Women in science]]+
-** [[Timeline of science and technology in the Islamic world]]+
-** [[History of science policy]]+
-*[[History and Philosophy of Science]]+
-* [[List of discoveries]]+
-* [[List of famous experiments]]+
-* [[List of Nobel laureates]]+
-* [[:Category:Scientific societies|List of scientists]]+
-* [[List of years in science]]+
-* [[Multiple discovery]]+
-* [[Philosophy of history]]+
-{{Col-2}}+
-* [[Science]]+
-** [[Fields of science]]+
-*** [[Behavioural sciences]]+
-*** [[Natural science]]s+
-**** [[Natural Sciences Tripos]] University of Cambridge, UK+
-*** [[Social science]]s+
-** [[History of technology]]+
-*[[History of scholarship]]+
-** [[Philosophy of science]]+
-*** [[Imre Lakatos]]+
-*** [[Naïve empiricism]]+
-** [[Science studies]]+
-* [[Theories and sociology of the history of science]]+
-* [[List of timelines#Science|Timelines of science]]+
-** [[Timeline of scientific discoveries]]+
-** [[Timeline of scientific experiments]]+
-** [[Timeline of the history of scientific method]]+
-** [[List of multiple discoveries]]+
- +
- +
-===Documentaries===+
- +
-* [[BBC]]. ''[[Atom]]''.+
-* [[BBC]]. ''[[The Brain: A Secret History]]''.+
-* [[BBC]]. ''[[Chemistry: A Volatile History]]''.+
-* [[BBC]]. ''[[Genius of Britain]]''.+
-* [[BBC]]. ''[[Science and Islam]]''.+
-* [[BBC]]. ''[[Shock and Awe: The Story of Electricity]]''.+
-* [[BBC]]. ''[[The Story of Science: Power, Proof and Passion]]''.+
- +
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William Whewell FRS FGS, (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell; 24 May 1794 – 6 March 1866) was an English polymath, scientist, Anglican priest, philosopher, theologian, and historian of science. He was Master of Trinity College, Cambridge.

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