What Is Called Thinking  

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-logy is the conversion of the whole universe of beings into an undifferentiated "standing reserve" (''Bestand'') of energy available for any use to which humans choose to put it. Heidegger described the essence of modern technology as ''[[Gestell]]'', or "enframing." Heidegger does not unequivocally condemn technology: while he acknowledges that modern technology contains grave dangers, Heidegger nevertheless also argues that it may constitute a chance for human beings to enter a new epoch in their relation to being. Despite this, some commentators have insisted that an agrarian nostalgia permeates his later work. 
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-In a 1950 lecture he formulated the famous saying ''[[Language speaks]]'', later published in the 1959 essays collection ''Unterwegs zur Sprache'', and collected in the 1971 English book ''Poetry, Language, Thought''. 
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-Heidegger's later works include ''Vom Wesen der Wahrheit'' ("On the Essence of Truth", 1930), ''Der Ursprung des Kunstwerkes'' ("[[The Origin of the Work of Art]]", 1935), ''Einführung in die Metaphysik'' ("[[Introduction to Metaphysics (Heidegger)|Introduction to Metaphysics]]", 1935), ''Bauen Wohnen Denken'' ("Building Dwelling Thinking", 1951), and ''Die Frage nach der Technik'' ("[[The Question Concerning Technology]]", 1954) and ''Was heisst Denken?'' (''[[What Is Called Thinking?]]'' 1954). Also ''Beiträge zur Philosophie (Vom Ereignis)'' (''[[Contributions to Philosophy (From Enowning)]]''), composed in the years 1936–38 but not published until 1989, on the centennial of Heidegger's birth. 
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-===Heidegger and the ground of History=== 
-Heidegger believed the Western world to be on a trajectory headed for total war, and on the brink of profound [[nihilism]] (the rejection of all religious and moral principles), which would be the purest and highest revelation of Being itself, offering a horrifying crossroads of either salvation or the end of [[metaphysics]] and [[modernity]]; rendering the West a wasteland populated by tool-using brutes, characterized by an unprecedented ignorance and barbarism in which everything is permitted. He thought the latter possibility would degenerate mankind generally into scientists, workers and brutes; living under the last mantle of one of three ideologies, [[Americanism (ideology)|Americanism]], [[Marxism]] or [[Nazism]] (which he deemed metaphysically identical, as avatars of subjectivity and institutionalized nihilism), and an unfettered totalitarian world technology. 
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-Supposedly, this epoch would be ironically celebrated, as the most enlightened and glorious in human history. He envisaged this abyss to be the greatest event in the West's history because it would enable Humanity to comprehend Being more profoundly and primordially than the [[Pre-Socratics]]. 
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-===Influences=== 
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-arrangement with Heidegger 
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-==See also== 
-* ''[[Aletheia]]'' 
-* [[World disclosure]] 
-* [[Heideggerian terminology]] 
-* ''[[Hölderlin's Hymn "The Ister"]]'' 
-* [[Ontotheology]] 
-* ''[[Heidegger Gesamtausgabe]]'' 
-* [[List of Nazi ideologues]] 
-* [[Martin Heidegger and Nazism|Heidegger and Nazism]] 
-* [[Daseinsanalysis]] 
-* [[Ernst Cassirer]] 
-* ''[[Sous rature]]'' 
-* [[Khôra]] 
-* [[Hannah Arendt]] 
-* ''[[Black Notebooks]]'' 
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 +'''''What is called thinking?''''' ({{lang-de|Was heißt Denken?}}) is a book by [[Martin Heidegger]], the published version of a lecture course he gave during the winter and summer semesters of 1951 and 1952 at the [[University of Freiburg]].
 +==Reception==
 +[[Hannah Arendt]] believes that "For an acquaintance with the thought of Heidegger, What Is Called Thinking? is as important as Being and Time. It is the only systematic presentation of the thinker's late philosophy and . . . it is perhaps the most exciting of his books."
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What is called thinking? (Template:Lang-de) is a book by Martin Heidegger, the published version of a lecture course he gave during the winter and summer semesters of 1951 and 1952 at the University of Freiburg.

Reception

Hannah Arendt believes that "For an acquaintance with the thought of Heidegger, What Is Called Thinking? is as important as Being and Time. It is the only systematic presentation of the thinker's late philosophy and . . . it is perhaps the most exciting of his books."



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