Usenet newsgroup
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| - | "In addition to sharing his expertise in languages and verbal aggression, Aman was inclined to a [[vituperative]] mode of discourse and is known in certain [[Usenet]] [[newsgroups]] as one inclined to participate in [[flame wars]]."--Sholem Stein | ||
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| - | '''Reinhold Aman''' (April 8, 1936 – March 2, 2019) was a former [[chemical engineer]] and professor of [[German language|German]], and the publisher of ''[[Maledicta]]'', a [[scholarly journal]] dedicated entirely to the study of offensive language, also known as [[maledictology]]. | + | A '''Usenet newsgroup''' is a [[Software repository|repository]] usually within the [[Usenet]] system, for messages [[Posting style|posted]] from many users in different locations using [[Internet]]. They are [[discussion group]]s and are not devoted to publishing [[news]]. Newsgroups are technically distinct from, but functionally similar to, [[Internet forum|discussion forum]]s on the [[World Wide Web]]. [[News client|Newsreader]] software is used to read the content of newsgroups. |
| - | ==Career== | + | Before the adoption of the [[World Wide Web]], Usenet newsgroups were among the most popular Internet services, and have retained their [[noncommercial]] nature in contrast to the increasingly ad-laden web. In recent years, this form of open discussion on the Internet has lost considerable ground to individually-operated browser-accessible forums and [[big media]] [[Social networking service|social network]]s such as [[Facebook]] and [[Twitter]]. |
| - | Aman was born in [[Fürstenzell]] near [[Passau]], [[Bavaria]]. Prior to working as a translator and clerk for the [[U.S. Army]] in [[Frankfurt]], he studied chemical engineering in [[Augsburg]] and later worked as a chemical analyst and petroleum chemist in Frankfurt, [[Munich]] and [[Montreal]]. He moved to [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin|Milwaukee]] in 1959, and worked there as a metallurgist and analytical chemist. | + | |
| - | Aman received his baccalaureate from the [[University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee]] in 1965, and his Ph.D. from the [[University of Texas]] in 1968. His dissertation was entitled ''"Der Kampf in Wolframs Parzival"'' ("The Battle in [[Wolfram von Eschenbach| Wolfram]]'s ''[[Parzival]]''".) During his college years he taught [[German language|German]], [[French language|French]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], and [[English language|English]] at various local [[high school]]s, mostly on a part-time basis. In his last year at Texas, he also served as a [[teaching assistant]] and [[teaching associate]]. | + | Communication is facilitated by the [[Network News Transfer Protocol]] (NNTP) which allows connection to Usenet servers and data transfer over the internet. Similar to another early (yet still used) protocol SMTP which is used for email messages, NNTP allows both server-server and client-server communication. This means that newsgroups can be replicated from server to server which gives the Usenet network the ability to maintain a level of robust data persistence as a result of built-in data redundancy. However, most users will access using only the client-server commands of NNTP and in almost all cases will use a GUI for browsing as opposed to command line based client-server communication specified in the NNT protocol. |
| - | From 1968 to 1974, Aman was an assistant professor of German at the [[University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee]] (which he later dismissed as "Dungheap U"), where he taught undergraduate and graduate level courses in German [[grammar]], [[Stylistics (linguistics)|stylistics]], [[conversation]], [[phonetics]], [[philology]], [[medieval literature |medieval]] and [[Baroque]] literature, [[dialectology]], [[bibliography]], and [[research methods]]. | + | ==See also== |
| - | + | *[[List of newsgroups]] | |
| - | Apart from ''Maledicta'', Aman published ''Bayrisch-Österreichisches Schimpfwörterbuch'' ("Bavarian-Austrian Curse Dictionary") and shorter monographs, as well as various books, including ''Hillary Clinton's Pen Pal'' , a guide to the slang and mores of American [[prisons]], directed to [[Hillary Clinton]]. At the time of writing, Clinton was experiencing legal difficulties, and Aman claimed he wanted to turn his recent term in Federal prison (see below) to use by helping her understand the subculture, customs and specialized [[argot]], so that she could avoid potentially-lethal ''faux pas''. | + | *[[List of Usenet newsreaders]] |
| - | + | *[[Alt.* hierarchy|''alt.*'' hierarchy]] | |
| - | ==Prison term== | + | *[[News client]] |
| - | In 1993, Aman was sentenced to 27 months in [[Federal Bureau of Prisons|federal prison]] for mailing, after a bitter divorce, two threatening postcards to his ex-wife and the allegedly threatening 2-page pamphlet "Legal Slimebags of Wisconsin" to many Wisconsin lawyers and judges. The postcards in question had pasted-up headlines of news articles about bitter ex-husbands killing their ex-wives. He served 15.5 months at Santa Rita, [[Federal Correctional Institution, Terminal Island|Terminal Island]], [[Federal Correctional Institution, Lompoc|Lompoc]], and [[Federal Correctional Institution, Dublin|Dublin]] (now a Federal prison for women only), and was released in February 1995. | + | *[[NNTP]] |
| + | *[[News aggregator]] | ||
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Revision as of 08:26, 4 August 2020
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A Usenet newsgroup is a repository usually within the Usenet system, for messages posted from many users in different locations using Internet. They are discussion groups and are not devoted to publishing news. Newsgroups are technically distinct from, but functionally similar to, discussion forums on the World Wide Web. Newsreader software is used to read the content of newsgroups.
Before the adoption of the World Wide Web, Usenet newsgroups were among the most popular Internet services, and have retained their noncommercial nature in contrast to the increasingly ad-laden web. In recent years, this form of open discussion on the Internet has lost considerable ground to individually-operated browser-accessible forums and big media social networks such as Facebook and Twitter.
Communication is facilitated by the Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) which allows connection to Usenet servers and data transfer over the internet. Similar to another early (yet still used) protocol SMTP which is used for email messages, NNTP allows both server-server and client-server communication. This means that newsgroups can be replicated from server to server which gives the Usenet network the ability to maintain a level of robust data persistence as a result of built-in data redundancy. However, most users will access using only the client-server commands of NNTP and in almost all cases will use a GUI for browsing as opposed to command line based client-server communication specified in the NNT protocol.
See also
