Underclass  

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"This [[scum]] of the [[depraved]] elements of all classes ... [[decay]]ed [[roué]]s, [[vagabond]]s, discharged soldiers, discharged jailbirds, escaped galley slaves, [[swindler]]s, [[mountebank]]s, [[lazzaro]]ni, [[pickpocket]]s, [[trickster]]s, [[gambler]]s, [[Madame|brothel keeper]]s, [[tinker]]s, [[beggar]]s, the dangerous class, the social scum, that passively [[rotting]] [[mass]] thrown off by the [[low]]est layers of the old society." --''[[The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon]]'' "This [[scum]] of the [[depraved]] elements of all classes ... [[decay]]ed [[roué]]s, [[vagabond]]s, discharged soldiers, discharged jailbirds, escaped galley slaves, [[swindler]]s, [[mountebank]]s, [[lazzaro]]ni, [[pickpocket]]s, [[trickster]]s, [[gambler]]s, [[Madame|brothel keeper]]s, [[tinker]]s, [[beggar]]s, the dangerous class, the social scum, that passively [[rotting]] [[mass]] thrown off by the [[low]]est layers of the old society." --''[[The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon]]''
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-"On the pretext of founding a benevolent society, the [[lumpenproletariat]] of Paris had been organized into secret sections, each section led by Bonapartist agents, with a Bonapartist general at the head of the whole. Alongside decayed [[roué]]s with dubious means of subsistence and of dubious origin, alongside ruined and adventurous offshoots of the bourgeoisie, were [[vagabond]]s, [[discharged]] [[soldier]]s, discharged [[jailbird]]s, escaped [[galley slave]]s, [[swindler]]s, [[mountebank]]s, [[lazzaro]]ni, [[pickpocket]]s, [[trickster]]s, [[gambler]]s, [[maquereaux]] [pimps], [[madam|brothel keeper]]s, [[porter]]s, [[literati]], [[organ grinder]]s, [[ragpicker]]s, [[knife grinder]]s, [[tinker]]s, [[beggar]]s — in short, the whole indefinite, disintegrated mass, thrown hither and thither, which the French call ''[[la bohème]]''; from this kindred element Bonaparte formed the core of the [[Society of December 10]]." --''[[The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon]]''+"The “dangerous class”, [lumpenproletariat] the social scum, that passively rotting mass thrown off by the lowest layers of the old society, may, here and there, be swept into the movement by a proletarian revolution; its conditions of life, however, prepare it far more for the part of a bribed tool of reactionary intrigue." --[[Manifesto of the Communist Party]][
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 +"On the pretext of founding a benevolent society, the lumpen proletariat of Paris had been organized into secret sections, each section led by Bonapartist agents, with a Bonapartist general at the head of the whole. Alongside decayed roués with dubious means of subsistence and of dubious origin, alongside ruined and adventurous offshoots of the bourgeoisie, were vagabonds, discharged soldiers, discharged jailbirds, escaped galley slaves, swindlers, mountebanks, lazzaroni,1 pickpockets, tricksters, gamblers, [[maquereaux]] [pimps], brothel keepers, porters, literati, organ grinders, ragpickers, knife grinders, tinkers, beggars — in short, the whole indefinite, disintegrated mass, thrown hither and thither, which the French call la bohème; from this kindred element Bonaparte formed the core of the Society of December 10." --''[[The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon]]''
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Revision as of 09:21, 12 June 2019

"This scum of the depraved elements of all classes ... decayed roués, vagabonds, discharged soldiers, discharged jailbirds, escaped galley slaves, swindlers, mountebanks, lazzaroni, pickpockets, tricksters, gamblers, brothel keepers, tinkers, beggars, the dangerous class, the social scum, that passively rotting mass thrown off by the lowest layers of the old society." --The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon


"The “dangerous class”, [lumpenproletariat] the social scum, that passively rotting mass thrown off by the lowest layers of the old society, may, here and there, be swept into the movement by a proletarian revolution; its conditions of life, however, prepare it far more for the part of a bribed tool of reactionary intrigue." --Manifesto of the Communist Party[


"On the pretext of founding a benevolent society, the lumpen proletariat of Paris had been organized into secret sections, each section led by Bonapartist agents, with a Bonapartist general at the head of the whole. Alongside decayed roués with dubious means of subsistence and of dubious origin, alongside ruined and adventurous offshoots of the bourgeoisie, were vagabonds, discharged soldiers, discharged jailbirds, escaped galley slaves, swindlers, mountebanks, lazzaroni,1 pickpockets, tricksters, gamblers, maquereaux [pimps], brothel keepers, porters, literati, organ grinders, ragpickers, knife grinders, tinkers, beggars — in short, the whole indefinite, disintegrated mass, thrown hither and thither, which the French call la bohème; from this kindred element Bonaparte formed the core of the Society of December 10." --The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon

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The contemporary concept of the underclass is a sanitized term for what was known in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as the undeserving poor, and was first used by Gunnar Myrdal in 1962. The usage came into wide circulation in the early 1980s, following Ken Auletta`s (1982) use of the term in three articles published in The New Yorker in 1981, and in book form a year later. Auletta refers to the underclass as a group who do not "assimilate" (1982: xvi quoted in Morris, 1994: 81), identifying four main groups:

In 1984 Charles Murray published a book called Losing Ground, which popularized the term underclass. This was far from the first time the idea of a group of people below or outside the class structure was discussed. Karl Marx referred to a group he called the lumpenproletariat.

Many other terms have been used to "describe a section of society which is seen to exist within and yet at the base of the working class." --Mann, 1992, p. 2.

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Underclass" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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