Umbria
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Landscape
The depiction of landscape was encouraged by the development of linear perspective and the inclusion of detailed landscapes in the background of many Early Netherlandish paintings of the 15th century. Also through this influence came an awareness of atmospheric perspective and the observation of the way distant things are affected by light.,
- Giotto uses a few rocks to give the impression of a mountain setting.
- Uccello has created a detailed and surreal setting as a stage for many small scenes.
- In Carpaccio's Deposition of the Body of Christ, the desolate rocky landscape echoes the tragedy of the scene.
- Mantegna's landscape has a sculptural, three dimensional quality that is suggestive of a real physical space. The details of the rocks, their strata and fractures, suggest that he studied the geological formations of the red limestone prevalent in areas of Northern Italy.
- Antonello da Messina sets the grim scene of the Crucifixion in contrast to the placid countryside which rolls into the far distance, becoming paler and bluer as it recedes.
- Giovanni Bellini has created a detailed landscape with a pastoral scene between the foreground and background mountains. There are numerous levels in this landscape, making it the equivalent of Ghirlandaio's complex cityscape (above).
- Perugino has set the Adoration against the familiar hilly landscape of Umbria.
- Leonardo da Vinci, displays a theatrical use of atmospheric perspective in his view of the precipitous mountains around Lago di Garda at the foothills of the Alps in Northern Italy.
The improvised quality of these paintings makes it difficult to fix their date by considerations of technique ; but they would appear to be later than any works we have considered so far, though the likeness of the landscape in the central panel (Summa Virtus, according to Dr. Ludwig) to that in the Madonna of 1487, suggests that they are probably not later than the early nineties.
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