Umayyad conquest of Hispania  

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 +The '''Umayyad conquest of Hispania''' ([[711]]–[[718]]) began as an army of the [[Umayyad]] [[Caliphate]] consisting largely of [[Berber people|Berber]]s, inhabitants of [[Northwest Africa]] recently converted to [[Islam]], invaded the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Visigothic Kingdom]] located on the [[Iberian peninsula]] ([[Hispania]]). Under the authority of the Umayyad [[Caliph]] [[Al-Walid I]] of [[Damascus]], and commanded by [[Tariq ibn Ziyad]], they disembarked in early 711, at [[Gibraltar]], and campaigned their way northward. Tariq's forces were reinforced the next year by those of his superior, the [[Emir]] [[Musa ibn Nusair]].
-The '''Battle of Guadalete''' was fought in 711 or 712 at an unidentified location between the [[Christian]] [[Visigoths]] of [[Hispania]] under their king, [[Roderic]], and an invading force of [[Muslim]] [[Arabs]] and [[Berbers]] under [[Ṭāriq ibn Ziyad]]. The battle was significant as the culmination of a series of Arab-Berber attacks and the beginning of the [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania|Islamic conquest of Hispania]]. In the battle Roderic probably lost his life, along with many members of the Visigothic nobility, opening the way for the capture of Visigothic capital of [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]]. +During the eight–year campaign, most of the [[Iberian Peninsula]] was brought under [[Muslim]] occupation, save for remote areas in the northwest ([[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] and [[Asturias]]) and largely [[Basque people|Basque]] regions in the [[Pyrenees]]. The conquered territory, under the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] name [[al-Andalus]], became part of the expanding Umayyad empire.
-==Legend==+
-Among the legends which have accrued to the history of the battle, the most prominent is that of Count Julian, who, in revenge for the rape of (or affair with) his daughter Florinda (the later ''[[Cava Rumía]]'' or ''Doña Cava'') by Roderic while the youth was being raised at the palace school, supposedly lent Ṭāriq the necessary ships for launching an invasion.+
-[[Pedro del Corral]] (who in the fifteenth century invented "Floresinda", an authentic Gothic name) and [[Miguel de Luna]] (who in the sixteenth turned her into a ''[[meretrix]]'').+The invaders subsequently moved northeast across the Pyrenees, but were defeated by the [[Franks|Frank]] [[Charles Martel]] at the [[Battle of Tours]] ([[Poitiers]]) in 732. Muslim control of territory in what became [[France]] was intermittent and ended in 975.
 + 
 +Though Muslim armies dominated the peninsula for centuries afterward, [[Pelayo of Asturias]]'s victory at the [[Battle of Covadonga]] in [[722]] preserved at least one Christian principality in the north. This battle later assumed major symbolic importance for Spanish Christians as the beginning of the [[Reconquista]].
 + 
 +==See also==
 +* [[Islamic invasion of Gaul]]
 +* [[Crusades]]
 +* [[History of Portugal]]
 +* [[History of Spain]]
 +* [[Muslim conquests]]
 +* [[Reconquista]]
 +* [[Timeline of the Muslim presence in the Iberian peninsula]]
 +* [[Timeline of Portuguese history]]
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The Umayyad conquest of Hispania (711718) began as an army of the Umayyad Caliphate consisting largely of Berbers, inhabitants of Northwest Africa recently converted to Islam, invaded the Christian Visigothic Kingdom located on the Iberian peninsula (Hispania). Under the authority of the Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid I of Damascus, and commanded by Tariq ibn Ziyad, they disembarked in early 711, at Gibraltar, and campaigned their way northward. Tariq's forces were reinforced the next year by those of his superior, the Emir Musa ibn Nusair.

During the eight–year campaign, most of the Iberian Peninsula was brought under Muslim occupation, save for remote areas in the northwest (Galicia and Asturias) and largely Basque regions in the Pyrenees. The conquered territory, under the Arabic name al-Andalus, became part of the expanding Umayyad empire.

The invaders subsequently moved northeast across the Pyrenees, but were defeated by the Frank Charles Martel at the Battle of Tours (Poitiers) in 732. Muslim control of territory in what became France was intermittent and ended in 975.

Though Muslim armies dominated the peninsula for centuries afterward, Pelayo of Asturias's victory at the Battle of Covadonga in 722 preserved at least one Christian principality in the north. This battle later assumed major symbolic importance for Spanish Christians as the beginning of the Reconquista.

See also




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