Torah  

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-# The first five [[book]]s of the [[Hebrew Scriptures]], attributed to [[Moses]] and therefore also known as the Five Books of Moses.+ 
-#: ''Tradition holds that the '''Torah''' was handed down to Moses on Mount Sinai.''+'''Torah''' is the central concept in the [[Judaism|Judaic tradition]]. It has a range of meanings: it can most specifically mean the first five books of the [[Tanakh]], it can mean this plus the [[rabbinic commentaries]] on it, it can mean the continued narrative from [[Book of Genesis|Genesis]] to the end of the Tanakh, it can even mean the totality of Jewish teaching and practice. Common to all these meanings, Torah consists of the [[etiological myth|foundational narrative]] of the [[Jewish peoplehood|Jewish people]]: their call into being by [[God in Judaism|God]], their trials and tribulations, and [[Mosaic covenant|their covenant]] with their God, which involves following a way of life embodied in a set of religious obligations and civil laws (''[[halakha]]'').
-# The full body of written [[Jewish]] [[law]], including the [[Tanakh]], the [[Talmud]], the [[Mishnah]] and the [[midrashic]] texts.+ 
-#: ''It says in the '''Torah''' that both gossip and murder cause irreparable damage.''+In [[rabbinic literature]] the word Torah denotes both the [[Pentateuch|five books]], ''Torah Shebichtav'' (תורה שבכתב, "Torah that is written"), and an [[Oral Torah]], ''Torah Shebe'al Peh'' (תורה שבעל פה, "Torah that is spoken"). The Oral Torah consists of interpretations and amplifications which according to rabbinic tradition have been handed down from generation to generation and now embodied in the [[Talmud]] and [[Midrash]].
-# The whole of Jewish [[law]], both written and unwritten.+ 
-# The encompassing [[philosophy]] of [[Judaism]].+According to [[religious tradition|rabbinic tradition]], all of the teachings found in the Torah, both written and oral, were given by God to [[Moses]], some of them at [[Biblical Mount Sinai|Mount Sinai]] and others at the [[Tabernacle]], and all the teachings were [[Mosaic authorship|written down by Moses]], which resulted in the Torah we have today. According to a Midrash, the Torah was created prior to the [[Genesis creation narrative|creation of the world]], and was used as the blueprint for Creation. The majority of [[Biblical scholars]] believe that the written books were a product of the [[Babylonian captivity|Babylonian exilic]] period (c. 600 BCE) and that it was completed by the [[Yehud Medinata|Persian period]] (c. 400 BCE).
 + 
 +Traditionally, the words of the Torah are written on a [[scroll]] by a ''[[sofer]]'' on parchment in Hebrew. A [[Weekly Torah portion|Torah portion]] is read publicly at least once every three days, in the [[Halakha|halachically prescribed]] tune, in the presence of a [[Qahal|congregation]]. Reading the Torah publicly is one of the bases for Jewish communal life.
 + 
==See also== ==See also==
* [[Christianity and Judaism]] * [[Christianity and Judaism]]

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Torah is the central concept in the Judaic tradition. It has a range of meanings: it can most specifically mean the first five books of the Tanakh, it can mean this plus the rabbinic commentaries on it, it can mean the continued narrative from Genesis to the end of the Tanakh, it can even mean the totality of Jewish teaching and practice. Common to all these meanings, Torah consists of the foundational narrative of the Jewish people: their call into being by God, their trials and tribulations, and their covenant with their God, which involves following a way of life embodied in a set of religious obligations and civil laws (halakha).

In rabbinic literature the word Torah denotes both the five books, Torah Shebichtav (תורה שבכתב, "Torah that is written"), and an Oral Torah, Torah Shebe'al Peh (תורה שבעל פה, "Torah that is spoken"). The Oral Torah consists of interpretations and amplifications which according to rabbinic tradition have been handed down from generation to generation and now embodied in the Talmud and Midrash.

According to rabbinic tradition, all of the teachings found in the Torah, both written and oral, were given by God to Moses, some of them at Mount Sinai and others at the Tabernacle, and all the teachings were written down by Moses, which resulted in the Torah we have today. According to a Midrash, the Torah was created prior to the creation of the world, and was used as the blueprint for Creation. The majority of Biblical scholars believe that the written books were a product of the Babylonian exilic period (c. 600 BCE) and that it was completed by the Persian period (c. 400 BCE).

Traditionally, the words of the Torah are written on a scroll by a sofer on parchment in Hebrew. A Torah portion is read publicly at least once every three days, in the halachically prescribed tune, in the presence of a congregation. Reading the Torah publicly is one of the bases for Jewish communal life.

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Torah" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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