The School of Athens  

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 +[[Image:Plato and Aristotle in The School of Athens painting by Raphael.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Plato (left) and Aristotle (right), a detail of ''[[The School of Athens]]'', a fresco by [[Raphael]]. Aristotle gestures to the [[earth]], representing his belief in knowledge through empirical observation and experience, while holding a copy of his ''[[Nicomachean Ethics]]'' in his hand. Plato holds his ''[[Timaeus (dialogue)|Timaeus]]'' and points his [[index finger]] to the [[heaven]]s, representing his belief in [[The Forms]]]]
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-''[[Discussing the Divine Comedy with Dante]]'' is a painting by [[Dai Dudu]], [[Li Tiezi]], and [[Zhang An]] depicting 103 [[cultural icons]]. +'''''The School of Athens''''' is one of the most [[famous painting]]s by the [[Italian Renaissance]] artist [[Raphael]]. It was painted between [[1510 in art|1510]] and [[1511 in art|1511]] as a part of Raphael's commission to decorate with [[fresco]]es the rooms now known as the [[Raphael Rooms|Stanze di Raffaello]], in the [[Apostolic Palace]] in the [[Vatican City|Vatican]]. The ''[[Stanza della Segnatura]]'' was the first of the rooms to be decorated, and ''The School of Athens'' the second painting to be finished there, after ''[[Disputation of the Holy Sacrament|La Disputà]]'', on the opposite wall. The picture has long been seen as Raphael's [[masterpiece]] and an embodiment of the [[High Renaissance]].
- +==Central figures (Plato and Aristotle)==
-The painting's antecedents are ''[[Disputation of the Holy Sacrament]]'' (1508/1509) and ''[[The School of Athens]]'' (1509/1510) or ''[[The Parnassus]]'' all by [[Raphael]]. Here[http://i.gae.ro/painting/] is a list with all the visual sources.+:''[[Plato and Aristotle]], [[heaven]], [[earth]]''
- +In the center of the fresco, at its architecture's central [[vanishing point]], are the two undisputed main subjects: [[Plato]] on the left and [[Aristotle]], his student, on the right. Both figures hold modern (of the time), bound copies of their books in their left hands, while gesturing with their right. Plato holds ''[[Timaeus (dialogue)|Timaeus]]'', Aristotle his ''[[Nicomachean Ethics]]''. Plato is depicted as old, grey, wise-looking, bare-foot. By contrast Aristotle, slightly ahead of him, is in mature manhood, handsome, well-shod and dressed, with gold, and the youth about them seem to look his way.
-1. Bill Gates+
-2. Socrates+
-3. Cui Jian+
-4. Vladimir Lenin+
-5.+
-6. Bill Clinton+
-7. Peter the Great+
-8. Elenor Roosevelt maybe Margaret Thatcher+
-9. Bruce Lee+
-10. Winston Churchil+
-11.+
-12. Ghengis Khan+
-13. Napolean+
-14. Chez G+
-15. Castro+
-16. Marlon Brando+
-17. Arafat+
-18. Charlton Heston+
-19.+
-20. Pavaroti+
-21. George W. Bush+
-22. Prince Charles+
-(Above Yao Ming and G.W. but not numbered is Osama Bin Laden)+
-23. Yao Ming or Liu Xiang+
-24. Fredrick Douglas or Kofi Annan+
-25.+
-26. Michail Gorbaciov+
-27.+
-28. Dante Alighieri+
-29. William Hung+
-30. Pele+
-31. Kublai+
-32. King tut? or Ramses III+
-33. Franklin Roosevelt+
-34. Ulysses S. Grant+
-35.+
-36.+
-37. Elvis+
-38. John Wayne+
-39. Shakespere+
-40. Mozart+
-41. George Carlin+
-42. Redd Foxx+
-43. Alexander the Great+
-44.+
-45. Mark Twain+
-46. Confucius+
-47. Marilyn Monroe+
-48. Salvador Dali+
-49. Empress Dowager Cixi+
-50. Ariel Sharon+
-51.+
-52. Qin Shi Huang Di+
-53. Mother Teresa+
-54.+
-55. Martin Luther King Snr+
-55. Martin Luther King Senior (Not sure why Junior is not in this painting)+
-56. Bismarck+
-57.+
-58. Johann Sebastian Bach+
-59. Audrey Hepburn+
-60. Ludwig Van Beethoven+
-61. Adolf Hitler+
-62. Benito Mussolini+
-63. Sadam Hussein+
-64. Guglielmo II di Prussia+
-65.+
-66. Cesar Chavez+
-67.+
-68.+
-69. Joseph Stalin+
-70. Leonardo Da Vinci+
-71. Karl Marx+
-72. Vyacheslav Molotov+
-73. Abraham Lincoln+
-74. Kim Jong Ill+
-75. Charlie Chaplin+
-76. Henry Ford+
-77.+
-78.+
-79. Sigmund Freud+
-80.+
-81. Chiang Kai Shek+
-82. Queen Elizabeth II+
-83. Leo Tolstoy+
-84. Li Bai+
-85. Robert Edwards+
-86.+
-87.+
-88. Michael Jordan+
-89. Hideki Tojo+
-90. Michelangelo+
-91.+
-92. Mike Tyson+
-93. Vladimir Putin+
-94. Lewis Caroll+
-95. Shirley Temple+
-96. Albert Einstein+
-97. Noah+
-98.+
-99. Ghandi+
-100. Vincent Van Gogh+
-101. Toulouse Lautrec+
-102. Pablo Picasso+
 +In addition, these two central figures point to different dimensions: Plato points vertically, upward along the picture-plane, into the beautiful vault and heaven above it; Aristotle's hand is level with earth, on the horizontal plane at right-angles to the [[picture-plane]] (hence in strong [[foreshortening]]), initiating a powerful flow of space toward viewers. It is popularly thought that their gestures indicate central aspects of their philosophies, [[Plato|Plato's]] his [[Theory of Forms]], Aristotle's his [[Empiricism|empiricist]] views, with an emphasis on concrete [[particular]]s. However Plato's ''Timaeus'' was, even in the Renaissance, a very influential treatise on the cosmos, whereas Aristotle insisted that the purpose of ethics is "practical" rather than "theoretical" or "speculative": not knowledge for its own sake, as he considered cosmology to be.
 +==See also==
 +*[[Group portrait]]
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}

Current revision

Plato (left) and Aristotle (right), a detail of The School of Athens, a fresco by Raphael. Aristotle gestures to the earth, representing his belief in knowledge through empirical observation and experience, while holding a copy of his Nicomachean Ethics in his hand. Plato holds his Timaeus and points his index finger to the heavens, representing his belief in The Forms
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Plato (left) and Aristotle (right), a detail of The School of Athens, a fresco by Raphael. Aristotle gestures to the earth, representing his belief in knowledge through empirical observation and experience, while holding a copy of his Nicomachean Ethics in his hand. Plato holds his Timaeus and points his index finger to the heavens, representing his belief in The Forms

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The School of Athens is one of the most famous paintings by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael. It was painted between 1510 and 1511 as a part of Raphael's commission to decorate with frescoes the rooms now known as the Stanze di Raffaello, in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican. The Stanza della Segnatura was the first of the rooms to be decorated, and The School of Athens the second painting to be finished there, after La Disputà, on the opposite wall. The picture has long been seen as Raphael's masterpiece and an embodiment of the High Renaissance.

[edit]

Central figures (Plato and Aristotle)

Plato and Aristotle, heaven, earth

In the center of the fresco, at its architecture's central vanishing point, are the two undisputed main subjects: Plato on the left and Aristotle, his student, on the right. Both figures hold modern (of the time), bound copies of their books in their left hands, while gesturing with their right. Plato holds Timaeus, Aristotle his Nicomachean Ethics. Plato is depicted as old, grey, wise-looking, bare-foot. By contrast Aristotle, slightly ahead of him, is in mature manhood, handsome, well-shod and dressed, with gold, and the youth about them seem to look his way.

In addition, these two central figures point to different dimensions: Plato points vertically, upward along the picture-plane, into the beautiful vault and heaven above it; Aristotle's hand is level with earth, on the horizontal plane at right-angles to the picture-plane (hence in strong foreshortening), initiating a powerful flow of space toward viewers. It is popularly thought that their gestures indicate central aspects of their philosophies, Plato's his Theory of Forms, Aristotle's his empiricist views, with an emphasis on concrete particulars. However Plato's Timaeus was, even in the Renaissance, a very influential treatise on the cosmos, whereas Aristotle insisted that the purpose of ethics is "practical" rather than "theoretical" or "speculative": not knowledge for its own sake, as he considered cosmology to be.

[edit]

See also


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