Syllogism
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
Revision as of 06:41, 21 February 2014 Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) ← Previous diff |
Current revision Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
- | A '''syllogism''' (συλλογισμός – ''syllogismos'' – "conclusion," "inference") is a kind of [[logical argument]] in which [[deductive reasoning]] is used to arrive at a [[conclusion]] based on two or more [[propositions]] that are asserted or assumed to be true. | + | A '''syllogism''' (''syllogismos'', "conclusion, inference") is a kind of [[logical argument]] that applies [[deductive reasoning]] to arrive at a [[Logical consequence|conclusion]] based on two or more [[propositions]] that are asserted or assumed to be true. |
+ | |||
+ | In its earliest form, defined by Aristotle, from the combination of a general statement (the major premise) and a specific statement (the minor premise), a conclusion is deduced. For example, knowing that all men are mortal (major premise) and that Socrates is a man (minor premise), we may validly conclude that Socrates is mortal. Syllogistic arguments are usually represented in a three-line form (without sentence-terminating periods): | ||
+ | |||
+ | All men are mortal. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Socrates is a man. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Therefore, Socrates is mortal. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The word "therefore" can be represented by the symbol "∴" | ||
- | In its earliest form, defined by Aristotle, from the combination of a general statement (the [[major premise]]) and a specific statement (the [[minor premise]]), a conclusion is deduced . As an example: Knowing that "all lions are dangerous" (major premise) and that "this animal is a lion" (minor premise) allows us to conclude that "this animal is dangerous". | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
- | *[[Enthymeme]] | + | * [[Argumentation theory#Psychological aspects|Argumentation theory]] |
- | *Other types of syllogism: | + | * [[Buddhist logic]] |
+ | * [[Enthymeme]] | ||
+ | * Other types of syllogism: | ||
** [[Disjunctive syllogism]] | ** [[Disjunctive syllogism]] | ||
** [[Hypothetical syllogism]] | ** [[Hypothetical syllogism]] | ||
Line 12: | Line 23: | ||
** [[Quasi-syllogism]] | ** [[Quasi-syllogism]] | ||
** [[Statistical syllogism]] | ** [[Statistical syllogism]] | ||
- | *[[Syllogistic fallacy]] | + | * [[Syllogistic fallacy]] |
- | *[[The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures]] | + | * [[The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures]] |
- | *[[Venn diagram]] | + | * [[Venn diagram]] |
{{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} |
Current revision
Related e |
Featured: |
A syllogism (syllogismos, "conclusion, inference") is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true.
In its earliest form, defined by Aristotle, from the combination of a general statement (the major premise) and a specific statement (the minor premise), a conclusion is deduced. For example, knowing that all men are mortal (major premise) and that Socrates is a man (minor premise), we may validly conclude that Socrates is mortal. Syllogistic arguments are usually represented in a three-line form (without sentence-terminating periods):
All men are mortal.
Socrates is a man.
Therefore, Socrates is mortal.
The word "therefore" can be represented by the symbol "∴"
See also
- Argumentation theory
- Buddhist logic
- Enthymeme
- Other types of syllogism:
- Syllogistic fallacy
- The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures
- Venn diagram