Syllogism
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| - | A '''syllogism''' (''syllogismos'' – "conclusion," "inference") is a kind of [[logical argument]] in which one [[proposition]] (the conclusion) is [[Inference|inferred]] from two or more others (the [[premise]]s) of a certain form. In antiquity, there were two rival theories of the syllogism: Aristotelian syllogistic and Stoic syllogistic. | + | A '''syllogism''' (''syllogismos'', "conclusion, inference") is a kind of [[logical argument]] that applies [[deductive reasoning]] to arrive at a [[Logical consequence|conclusion]] based on two or more [[propositions]] that are asserted or assumed to be true. |
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| + | In its earliest form, defined by Aristotle, from the combination of a general statement (the major premise) and a specific statement (the minor premise), a conclusion is deduced. For example, knowing that all men are mortal (major premise) and that Socrates is a man (minor premise), we may validly conclude that Socrates is mortal. Syllogistic arguments are usually represented in a three-line form (without sentence-terminating periods): | ||
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| + | All men are mortal. | ||
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| + | Socrates is a man. | ||
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| + | Therefore, Socrates is mortal. | ||
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| + | The word "therefore" can be represented by the symbol "∴" | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | *[[Enthymeme]] | + | * [[Argumentation theory#Psychological aspects|Argumentation theory]] |
| - | *Other types of syllogism: | + | * [[Buddhist logic]] |
| + | * [[Enthymeme]] | ||
| + | * Other types of syllogism: | ||
| ** [[Disjunctive syllogism]] | ** [[Disjunctive syllogism]] | ||
| ** [[Hypothetical syllogism]] | ** [[Hypothetical syllogism]] | ||
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| ** [[Quasi-syllogism]] | ** [[Quasi-syllogism]] | ||
| ** [[Statistical syllogism]] | ** [[Statistical syllogism]] | ||
| - | *[[Syllogistic fallacy]] | + | * [[Syllogistic fallacy]] |
| - | *[[The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures]] | + | * [[The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures]] |
| - | *[[Venn diagram]] | + | * [[Venn diagram]] |
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A syllogism (syllogismos, "conclusion, inference") is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true.
In its earliest form, defined by Aristotle, from the combination of a general statement (the major premise) and a specific statement (the minor premise), a conclusion is deduced. For example, knowing that all men are mortal (major premise) and that Socrates is a man (minor premise), we may validly conclude that Socrates is mortal. Syllogistic arguments are usually represented in a three-line form (without sentence-terminating periods):
All men are mortal.
Socrates is a man.
Therefore, Socrates is mortal.
The word "therefore" can be represented by the symbol "∴"
See also
- Argumentation theory
- Buddhist logic
- Enthymeme
- Other types of syllogism:
- Syllogistic fallacy
- The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures
- Venn diagram
