Supernaturalism
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| - | '''Supernaturalism''' may refer to the [[supernatural]], but also to a term of art employed by [[Gérard de Nerval]] in his dedication to the [[Filles de feu]] | + | '''Supernaturalism''' may refer to the [[supernatural]], but also to a term of art employed by [[Gérard de Nerval]] in his dedication to ''[[Les Filles du feu]]''. |
| + | [[André Breton]] mentioned the influence of Nerval in the first [[Surrealist Manifesto]]: | ||
| - | [[André Breton]] mentioned the influence of [[Nerval]] in the first [[Surrealist Manifesto]]. He also included [[Petrus Borel]] and [[Xavier Forneret]] in his influential "[[Anthology of Black Humor]]". | + | :"À plus juste titre encore, sans doute aurions-nous pu nous emparer du mot SUPERNATURALISME, employé par Gérard de Nerval dans la dédicace des Filles du feu." |
| - | André Breton wrote, "To be even fairer, we could probably have taken over the word [[Supernaturalism|SUPERNATURALISM]] employed by Gérard de Nerval in his dedication to the [[Filles de feu]]... It appears, in fact, that Nerval possessed to a tee the spirit with which we claim a kinship..." - The Surrealist Manifesto, 1924 | + | Translation: |
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| - | :"À plus juste titre encore, sans doute aurions-nous pu nous emparer du mot SUPERNATURALISME, employé par Gérard de Nerval dans la dédicace des Filles du feu." | + | |
| - | [[Italo Calvino]] included [[Petrus Borel]] and [[Gérard de Nerval]] in his anthology of "[[Fantastic Tales]]". ''[[La Main de gloire]]'' by Gérard de Nerval was a story intended to be published in the "[[Contes du Bouzingo]]". | + | :To bestow a yet more appropriate title on it, we could no doubt have appropriated the word SUPERNATURALISM, employed by Gérard de Nerval in the dedication to his ''Girls of Fire'' (''Filles du feu'', 1854) and also by Thomas Carlyle in ''[[Sartor Resartus]]'' (Book III, Chapter VIII, ‘Natural Supernaturalism’). It seems, in fact, that Nerval possessed to a marvellous degree that spirit with which we claim kinship. [...] Here are two passages by Nerval which seem particularly significant in this regard: |
| - | [[Marcel Proust]], [[Joseph Cornell]], [[René Daumal]], and [[T.S. Eliot]] have all cited Gérard de Nerval as a major influence. [[T.S. Eliot]]'s "The Wasteland" borrowed one of its most enigmatic lines from Nerval's "[[El Desdichado]]". | + | ::‘I will explain to you, my dear [[Dumas]], the phenomenon of which you spoke earlier. There are, you know, certain story-tellers who cannot invent without identifying with their imaginary characters. You may recall how convincingly our old friend [[Nodier]] told us of his misfortune in being guillotined during the Revolution; we were so convinced by it, we asked him how he had managed to set his head back on his neck again.’ |
| - | [[Oscar Wilde]], [[Joris-Karl Huysmans]], and [[Lautréamont]] have all mentioned the works of Gautier as influential. His thoughts on the philosophy of "Art for Art's Sake" have continued to be the source of debate. | + | ::‘…And since you have been imprudent enough to have quoted one of the sonnets composed in this SUPERNATURALISTIC reverie, as the Germans say, you will have to hear them all. You will find them at the end of this volume. They are scarcely more obscure than Hegel’s metaphysics or Swedenborg’s MEMORABILIA (1766), and would lose their charm if explained, if the latter were possible, at least concede the value of the expression…’ (See also the term idéoréalisme in [[Saint-Pol-Roux]]) |
| - | Gautier with Nerval and Baudelaire began the infamous [[Club des Hashischins]] dedicated to exploring experiences with drugs. | + | :::-- [[The Surrealist Manifesto]], 1924[http://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/French/Manifesto.htm] |
| - | ===Truth or myth?=== | ||
| - | These are a few of the most famous exaggerations invented by the Bouzingo: | ||
| - | *They hosted parties where clothes were banned and wine was drunk from human skulls. | ||
| - | *They played instruments that they did not know how to play on street corners. | ||
| - | *Nerval was said to have walked a pet lobster on a leash because “it does not bark and knows the secrets of the sea”. | ||
| - | == Further reading== | ||
| - | *Dumont, Francis, 1958. ''[[Nerval et les Bousingots]]'' ([[Éditions de la Table ronde|La Table ronde]]) | ||
| - | *Dumont, Francis, 1949 ''Les Petits Romantiques Francais'' (Les Cahiers Du Sud) | ||
| - | *[[Jerrold Seigel|Seigel, Jerrold]], 1986. ''[[Bohemian Paris: Culture , Politics, and the Boundaries of Bourgeois Life, 1830-1930]]''. (Elizabeth Sifton Books) | ||
| - | *Starkie, Enid, 1954. ''Petrus Borel: The Lycanthrope, His Life and Times''. (Faber and Faber Ltd.) | ||
| - | *André Breton, 1997. ''Anthology of Black Humor''. (City Lights Publishers) ISBN 0-87286-321-2 | ||
| - | *Italo Calvino, 1998. ''Fantastic Tales''. (Vintage) ISBN 0-679-75544-6 | ||
| - | *Mélanges tirés d'une petite bibliothèque romantique: bibliographie anecdotique et pittoresque...by [[Charles Asselineau]], Théodore Faullain de Banville, Charles Baudelaire, 1866. | ||
| - | *''[[On Bohemia]]'' by [[César Graña]], Marigay Grana, 1990 - Chapter: Bouzingos and Jeunes-France pp. 365-369 | ||
| - | *Lettre inédite de Philothée O'Neddy [pseud.] auteur de: Feu et flamme, sur le groupe littérai...by Théophile Dondey, 1875 | ||
| - | ==See also== | ||
| - | *[[Roman frénétique]] | ||
| - | *[[Conte fantastique]] | ||
| - | *[[French avant-garde]] | ||
| - | *[[French Romanticism]] | ||
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Supernaturalism may refer to the supernatural, but also to a term of art employed by Gérard de Nerval in his dedication to Les Filles du feu.
André Breton mentioned the influence of Nerval in the first Surrealist Manifesto:
- "À plus juste titre encore, sans doute aurions-nous pu nous emparer du mot SUPERNATURALISME, employé par Gérard de Nerval dans la dédicace des Filles du feu."
Translation:
- To bestow a yet more appropriate title on it, we could no doubt have appropriated the word SUPERNATURALISM, employed by Gérard de Nerval in the dedication to his Girls of Fire (Filles du feu, 1854) and also by Thomas Carlyle in Sartor Resartus (Book III, Chapter VIII, ‘Natural Supernaturalism’). It seems, in fact, that Nerval possessed to a marvellous degree that spirit with which we claim kinship. [...] Here are two passages by Nerval which seem particularly significant in this regard:
- ‘I will explain to you, my dear Dumas, the phenomenon of which you spoke earlier. There are, you know, certain story-tellers who cannot invent without identifying with their imaginary characters. You may recall how convincingly our old friend Nodier told us of his misfortune in being guillotined during the Revolution; we were so convinced by it, we asked him how he had managed to set his head back on his neck again.’
- ‘…And since you have been imprudent enough to have quoted one of the sonnets composed in this SUPERNATURALISTIC reverie, as the Germans say, you will have to hear them all. You will find them at the end of this volume. They are scarcely more obscure than Hegel’s metaphysics or Swedenborg’s MEMORABILIA (1766), and would lose their charm if explained, if the latter were possible, at least concede the value of the expression…’ (See also the term idéoréalisme in Saint-Pol-Roux)
- -- The Surrealist Manifesto, 1924[1]
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