Subculture
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| + | [[Image:Guerrillero Heroico - Che Guevara by Alberto Diaz Gutierrez.jpg|thumb|200px|By the late 1960s, revolutionary [[Che Guevara]]'s [[Guerrillero Heroico|famous image]] had become a popular symbol of [[youth rebellion]]]] | ||
| + | [[Image:Véritable portrait de Monsieur Ubu, par Alfred Jarry (1896).png|thumb|left|200px| | ||
| + | This page ''{{PAGENAME}}'' is part of the [[publication bias list of the Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia]], presented by [[Alfred Jarry]].]] | ||
| + | [[Image:Inversions.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Inversions]]'', the first French gay journal is published between [[1924]] and [[1926]], it stopped publication after the French government charged the publishers with "[[Outrage aux bonnes mœurs]]". Its full title was ''Inversions ... in [[art]], [[literature]], [[philosophy]] and [[science]]''. [[Sexual inversion (sexology)|Sexual inversion]] was a term used by [[sexologist]]s in the late [[19th]] and early [[20th century]], to refer to [[homosexuality]].]] | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | A '''subculture''' is a set of people with a set of behaviors and beliefs, which could be [[different|distinct]] or [[hidden]], that differentiate them from the larger culture of the area from which they are a part of. | + | In [[sociology]], [[anthropology]] and [[cultural studies]], a '''subculture''' is a set of people with a set of behaviors and beliefs, [[culture]], which could be distinct or hidden, that differentiate them from the larger culture to which they belong. If the subculture is characterized by a systematic opposition to the dominant culture, then it may be described as a [[counterculture]]. |
| + | ==Definition== | ||
| + | As early as 1950 (p.361) [[David Riesman]] distinguished between a [[majority]], "which [[submission|passively accepted]] [[commercial]]ly provided styles and meanings, and a 'subculture' which actively sought a [[minority]] style...and interpreted it in accordance with [[subversion|subversive]] [[values]]" (Middleton 1990). | ||
| - | Subcultures can be distinctive because of the [[age]], [[race]], [[ethnicity]], [[class]], and/or [[gender]]. The qualities that determine a subculture as distinct may be [[aesthetic]], [[religious]], [[political]], [[sexual]], or a combination of these factors. Subcultures are often defined via their [[opposition]] to the values of the larger culture to which they belong, although this definition is not universally agreed on by theorists. Members of a subculture will often signal their membership through a distinctive and symbolic use of style. Therefore, the study of subculture often consists of the study of the symbolism attached to clothing, music and other visible affectations by members of the subculture, and also the ways in which these same symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture. If the subculture is characterized by a systematic opposition to the dominant culture, then it may be described as a [[counterculture]]. | + | [[Sarah Thornton]] (1995), after [[Pierre Bourdieu]] (1986), described '''subcultural capital''' as the cultural knowledge and commodities acquired by members of a subculture, raising their status and helping differentiate themselves from members of other groups, while Roe (1990) uses the term '''symbolic capital'''. |
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| + | It is important to mention that there is a subtle difference between a [[counterculture]] and a subculture. A subculture is an at least somewhat integrated component of a society, though clearly separated, while a counterculture is actively and openly opposed to many of the characteristics of a society. | ||
| == Origin of the term == | == Origin of the term == | ||
| - | The term ''subculture'' began to figure in anthropological and sociological writing around [[1945]]. The concept has been most generally adopted by scholars of [[delinquency]] says [[Pat Rogers]] in [[Grub Street: studies in a subculture]] (1972). | + | The term ''subculture'' began to figure in anthropological and sociological writing around [[1945]]. The concept has been most generally adopted by scholars of [[delinquency]] says [[Pat Rogers]] in ''[[Grub Street: Studies in a Subculture]]'' (1972). |
| - | + | ||
| - | Since the late 1970s, the study and concept of subculture - through the influence of the [CCCS] - has largely been focused on an awareness of style and differences in [[style]], in clothing, music or other cultural areas. | + | |
| + | Since the late 1970s, the study and concept of subculture - through the influence of the [[CCCS]] - has largely been focused on an awareness of style and differences in [[style]], in clothing, music or other cultural areas. | ||
| == Etymology == | == Etymology == | ||
| - | 1886, in ref. to bacterial cultures, from ''sub''- + ''culture''. 1936 in ref. to humans. | + | [[1886]], in ref. to bacterial cultures, from ''[[sub]]''- + ''[[culture]]''. [[1936]] in ref. to humans. |
| ==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
| - | *Hebdige, Dick (1979). ''Subculture: The Meaning of Style'' (Routledge, March 10, 1981; softcover ISBN 0-415-03949-5). Cited in Negus, Keith (1996). ''Popular Music in Theory: An Introduction''. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 0-8195-6310-2. | + | *Hebdige, Dick (1979). ''[[Subculture: The Meaning of Style]]'' (Routledge, March 10, 1981; softcover ISBN 0-415-03949-5). |
| + | |||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| - | *[[History of subcultures in the 20th century]] | + | *[[History of subcultures in the 19th century]] |
| - | ** [[1900-World War I subcultures ]] | + | *[[History of Western subcultures in the 20th century ]] |
| - | ** [[World War I subcultures ]] | + | * [[List of subcultures]] |
| - | ** [[1920s and 1930s subcultures ]] | + | * [[Popular culture]] |
| - | ** [[1940s subcultures ]] | + | * [[Underclass]] |
| - | ** [[1950s subcultures ]] | + | * [[Urban culture]] |
| - | ** [[1960s subcultures ]] | + | * [[Urban sociology]] |
| - | ** [[1970s subcultures ]] | + | * [[Youth subculture]] |
| - | ** [[1980s subcultures ]] | + | * [[Art world]] |
| - | ** [[1990s subcultures ]]{{GFDL}} | + | * [[Adolescence]] |
| + | * [[Folk culture]] | ||
| + | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 14:52, 11 April 2014
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In sociology, anthropology and cultural studies, a subculture is a set of people with a set of behaviors and beliefs, culture, which could be distinct or hidden, that differentiate them from the larger culture to which they belong. If the subculture is characterized by a systematic opposition to the dominant culture, then it may be described as a counterculture.
Contents |
Definition
As early as 1950 (p.361) David Riesman distinguished between a majority, "which passively accepted commercially provided styles and meanings, and a 'subculture' which actively sought a minority style...and interpreted it in accordance with subversive values" (Middleton 1990).
Sarah Thornton (1995), after Pierre Bourdieu (1986), described subcultural capital as the cultural knowledge and commodities acquired by members of a subculture, raising their status and helping differentiate themselves from members of other groups, while Roe (1990) uses the term symbolic capital.
It is important to mention that there is a subtle difference between a counterculture and a subculture. A subculture is an at least somewhat integrated component of a society, though clearly separated, while a counterculture is actively and openly opposed to many of the characteristics of a society.
Origin of the term
The term subculture began to figure in anthropological and sociological writing around 1945. The concept has been most generally adopted by scholars of delinquency says Pat Rogers in Grub Street: Studies in a Subculture (1972).
Since the late 1970s, the study and concept of subculture - through the influence of the CCCS - has largely been focused on an awareness of style and differences in style, in clothing, music or other cultural areas.
Etymology
1886, in ref. to bacterial cultures, from sub- + culture. 1936 in ref. to humans.
Sources
- Hebdige, Dick (1979). Subculture: The Meaning of Style (Routledge, March 10, 1981; softcover ISBN 0-415-03949-5).
See also
- History of subcultures in the 19th century
- History of Western subcultures in the 20th century
- List of subcultures
- Popular culture
- Underclass
- Urban culture
- Urban sociology
- Youth subculture
- Art world
- Adolescence
- Folk culture
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Subculture" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
