Steidl
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
|
Related e |
|
Featured: |
Robert Frank (November 9, 1924 – September 9, 2019) was a Swiss photographer and documentary filmmaker, who became an American binational.
His most notable work, the 1958 book titled The Americans, earned Frank comparisons to a modern-day de Tocqueville for his fresh and nuanced outsider's view of American society.
Frank later expanded into film and video and experimented with manipulating photographs and photomontage.
Frank's 1972 documentary of the Rolling Stones, Cocksucker Blues, is arguably his best known film. The film shows the Stones on tour, engaging in heavy drug use and group sex. Frank said of the Stones, "It was great to watch them — the excitement. But my job was after the show. What I was photographing was a kind of boredom. It's so difficult being famous. It's a horrendous life. Everyone wants to get something from you."
Contents |
Background and early photography career
Frank was born in Zürich, Switzerland, the son of Rosa (Zucker) and Hermann Frank. His family was Jewish.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Robert states in Gerald Fox's 2005 documentary Leaving Home, Coming Home that his mother, Rosa (other sources state her name as Regina), had a Swiss passport, while his father, Hermann originating from Frankfurt, Germany had become stateless after losing his German citizenship as a Jew. They had to apply for the Swiss citizenship of Robert and his older brother, Manfred. Though Frank and his family remained safe in Switzerland during World War II, the threat of Nazism nonetheless affected his understanding of oppression. He turned to photography, in part as a means to escape the confines of his business-oriented family and home, and trained under a few photographers and graphic designers before he created his first hand-made book of photographs, 40 Fotos, in 1946.<ref name="Lynne" /> Frank emigrated to the United States in 1947, and secured a job in New York City as a fashion photographer for Harper's Bazaar.<ref name="bbc-2019">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Lynne" />
In 1949, the new editor of Camera magazine, Walter Laubli (1902–1991), published a substantial portfolio of Jakob Tuggener pictures made at upper-class entertainments and in factories, alongside the work of the 25 year-old Frank who had just returned to his native Switzerland after two years abroad, with pages including some of his first pictures from New York. The magazine promoted the two as representatives of the 'new photography' of Switzerland.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Tuggener was a role model for the younger artist, first mentioned to him by Frank's boss and mentor, Zurich commercial photographer Michael Wolgensinger (1913–1990) who understood that Frank was unsuited to the more mercenary application of the medium. Tuggener, as a serious artist who had left the commercial world behind, was the "one Frank really did love, from among all Swiss photographers," according to Guido Magnaguagno and Fabrik, as a photo book, was a model for Frank's Les Américains ('The Americans') published ten years later in Paris by Delpire, in 1958.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
He soon left to travel in South America and Europe. He created another hand-made book of photographs that he shot in Peru, and returned to the U.S. in 1950. That year was momentous for Frank, who, after meeting Edward Steichen, participated in the group show 51 American Photographers at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA); he also married fellow artist Mary Frank née Mary Lockspeiser, with whom he had two children, Andrea and Pablo.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Though he was initially optimistic about the United States' society and culture, Frank's perspective quickly changed as he confronted the fast pace of American life and what he saw as an overemphasis on money. He now saw America as an often bleak and lonely place, a perspective that became evident in his later photography. Frank's own dissatisfaction with the control that editors exercised over his work also undoubtedly colored his experience. He continued to travel, moving his family briefly to Paris.<ref name="Lynne" /> In 1953, he returned to New York and continued to work as a freelance photojournalist for magazines including McCall's, Vogue, and Fortune. Associating with other contemporary photographers such as Saul Leiter and Diane Arbus, he helped form what Jane Livingston has termed The New York School of photographers (not to be confused with the New York School of art) during the 1940s and 1950s.<ref name="Lynne" />
In 1955, Frank received the further recognition that came the inclusion by Edward Steichen of seven his photographs (many more than most other contributors) in the world-touring Museum of Modern Art exhibition The Family of Man that was to be seen by 9 million visitors and with a popular catalogue that is still in print.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Frank's contributions had been taken in Spain (of a woman kissing her swaddled babe-in-arms), of a bowed old woman in Peru, a rheumy-eyed miner in Wales, and the others in England and the US, including two (one atypically soft-focus) of his wife in pregnancy, and one of six laughing women in the window of the White Tower Hamburger Stand on Fourteenth Street, New York City, later included in The Americans.<ref name=":0">Template:Citation</ref>
The Americans
-
Inspired by fellow Swiss Jakob Tuggener's 1943 filmic book Fabrik,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Bill Brandt's The English at Home (1936),<ref>Template:Citation</ref> and Walker Evans's American Photographs<ref>Template:Citation</ref> (1938),<ref>Tom Maloney U. S. Camera 1958. U. S. Camera Publishing, New York, 1957, p.115</ref> and on the recommendation of Evans (a previous recipient),<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Alexey Brodovitch, Alexander Leiberman, Edward Steichen, and Meyer Schapiro,<ref name=":0" /> Frank secured a Guggenheim Fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation<ref name="guggenheim-fellowship">{{
- if: {{#if: http://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/robert-frank/ | {{#if: Robert Frank |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Robert Frank | [{{{archiveurl}}} Robert Frank] }}}} | {{#if: http://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/robert-frank/ | {{#if: Robert Frank | Robert Frank }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if: John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation
| . John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> in 1955 to travel across the United States and photograph all strata of its society. Cities he visited included Detroit and Dearborn, Michigan; Savannah, Georgia; Miami Beach and St. Petersburg, Florida; New Orleans, Louisiana; Houston, Texas; Los Angeles, California; Reno, Nevada; Salt Lake City, Utah; Butte, Montana; and Chicago, Illinois.<ref name="roadtripcities">Template:Cite news</ref> He took his family along with him for part of his series of road trips over the next two years, during which time he took 28,000 shots. 83 of these were selected by him for publication in The Americans.<ref name="ndawidoff">Template:Cite news</ref>
Frank's journey was not without incident. He later recalled the anti-Semitism to which he was subject in a small Arkansas town. "I remember the guy [policeman] took me into the police station, and he sat there and put his feet on the table. It came out that I was Jewish because I had a letter from the Guggenheim Foundation. They really were primitive." He was told by the sheriff, "Well, we have to get somebody who speaks Yiddish." ... "They wanted to make a thing out of it. It was the only time it happened on the trip. They put me in jail. It was scary. Nobody knew where I was."<ref name="Gefter">Gefter, Philip (December 12, 2008). "Snapshots from the American Road."The New York Times. Retrieved July 5, 2015.</ref> Elsewhere in the South, he was told by a sheriff that he had "an hour to leave town." Those incidents may have contributed to the dark view of America found in the work.<ref name="looking-in" />
Shortly after returning to New York in 1957, Frank met Beat writer Jack Kerouac on the sidewalk outside a party and showed him the photographs from his travels. Kerouac immediately told Frank, "Sure I can write something about these pictures." He eventually contributed the introduction to the U.S. edition of The Americans. Frank also became lifelong friends with Allen Ginsberg, and was one of the main visual artists to document the Beat subculture, which felt an affinity with Frank's interest in documenting the tensions between the optimism of the 1950s and the realities of class and racial differences. The irony that Frank found in the gloss of American culture and wealth over this tension gave his photographs a clear contrast to those of most contemporary American photojournalists, as did his use of unusual focus, low lighting and cropping that deviated from accepted photographic techniques.<ref name="ndawidoff" />
This divergence from contemporary photographic standards gave Frank difficulty at first in securing an American publisher. Les Américains was first published in 1958 by Robert Delpire in Paris, as part of its Encyclopédie Essentielle series, with texts by Simone de Beauvoir, Erskine Caldwell, William Faulkner, Henry Miller and John Steinbeck that Delpire positioned opposite Frank's photographs.<ref name="ladd-time">{{
- if: {{#if: http://time.com/3788403/robert-delpire/ | {{#if: Master of the Photobook: Robert Delpire's Long and Legendary Influence |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if: Ladd
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: Ladd | Ladd{{#if: Jeffrey | , Jeffrey }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: Ladd | Ladd{{#if: Jeffrey | , Jeffrey }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if: Ladd
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: Ladd|
{{#if: May 9, 2012 | (May 9, 2012) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if: Ladd
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Master of the Photobook: Robert Delpire's Long and Legendary Influence | [{{{archiveurl}}} Master of the Photobook: Robert Delpire's Long and Legendary Influence] }}}} | {{#if: http://time.com/3788403/robert-delpire/ | {{#if: Master of the Photobook: Robert Delpire's Long and Legendary Influence | Master of the Photobook: Robert Delpire's Long and Legendary Influence }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if: Time
| . Time{{#if: Ladd | | {{#if: May 9, 2012 || }} }}
}}{{#if: Ladd
||{{#if: May 9, 2012 | (May 9, 2012) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> It was finally published in 1959 in the United States, without the texts, by Grove Press, where it initially received substantial criticism. Popular Photography, for one, derided his images as "meaningless blur, grain, muddy exposures, drunken horizons and general sloppiness." Though sales were also poor at first, the fact that the introduction was by the popular Kerouac helped it reach a larger audience. Over time and through its inspiration of later artists, The Americans became a seminal work in American photography and art history, and is the work with which Frank is most clearly identified. Critic Sean O'Hagan, writing in The Guardian in 2014, said "it is impossible to imagine photography's recent past and overwhelmingly confusing present without his lingeringly pervasive presence." and that The Americans "changed the nature of photography, what it could say and how it could say it. [ . . . ] it remains perhaps the most influential photography book of the 20th century."<ref name="ohagan-guardian" />
In 1961, Frank received his first individual show, entitled Robert Frank: Photographer, at the Art Institute of Chicago. He also showed at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1962.<ref name="Robert Frank: Photos" />
To mark the fiftieth anniversary of the first publication of The Americans, a new edition was released worldwide on May 30, 2008.<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://steidl.de/Books/The-Americans-2131325657.html | {{#if: The Americans – Robert Frank |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: The Americans – Robert Frank | [{{{archiveurl}}} The Americans – Robert Frank] }}}} | {{#if: https://steidl.de/Books/The-Americans-2131325657.html | {{#if: The Americans – Robert Frank | The Americans – Robert Frank }}}}}}{{#if: en | (en) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> For this new edition from Steidl, most photographs are uncropped (in contrast to the cropped versions in previous editions), and two photographs are replaced with those of the same subject but from an alternate perspective.<ref name="artbook">{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.artbook.com/9783865215840.html | {{#if: Robert Frank The Americans ARTBOOK Template:! D.A.P. 2008 Catalog Steidl Books Exhibition Catalogues 9783865215840 |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Robert Frank The Americans ARTBOOK Template:! D.A.P. 2008 Catalog Steidl Books Exhibition Catalogues 9783865215840 | [{{{archiveurl}}} Robert Frank The Americans ARTBOOK Template:! D.A.P. 2008 Catalog Steidl Books Exhibition Catalogues 9783865215840] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.artbook.com/9783865215840.html | {{#if: Robert Frank The Americans ARTBOOK Template:! D.A.P. 2008 Catalog Steidl Books Exhibition Catalogues 9783865215840 | Robert Frank The Americans ARTBOOK Template:! D.A.P. 2008 Catalog Steidl Books Exhibition Catalogues 9783865215840 }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref><ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.photoeye.com/magazine/reviews/2008/05_21_frank_reviews.cfm? | {{#if: A Glimpse at the Robert Frank Publishing Project |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: A Glimpse at the Robert Frank Publishing Project | [{{{archiveurl}}} A Glimpse at the Robert Frank Publishing Project] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.photoeye.com/magazine/reviews/2008/05_21_frank_reviews.cfm? | {{#if: A Glimpse at the Robert Frank Publishing Project | A Glimpse at the Robert Frank Publishing Project }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if: photoeye.com
| . photoeye.com{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref>
A celebratory exhibit of The Americans, titled Looking In: Robert Frank's The Americans, was displayed in 2009 at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA), and at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: http://www.steidlville.com/books/695-The-Americans.html | {{#if: Robert Frank: The Americans |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Robert Frank: The Americans | [{{{archiveurl}}} Robert Frank: The Americans] }}}} | {{#if: http://www.steidlville.com/books/695-The-Americans.html | {{#if: Robert Frank: The Americans | Robert Frank: The Americans }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if: Steidl
| . Steidl{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> The second section of the four-section, 2009, SFMOMA<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: http://www.sfmoma.org/exhibitions/382 | {{#if: Looking In: Robert Frank's "The Americans" |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | () | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Looking In: Robert Frank's "The Americans" | [{{{archiveurl}}} Looking In: Robert Frank's "The Americans"] }}}} | {{#if: http://www.sfmoma.org/exhibitions/382 | {{#if: Looking In: Robert Frank's "The Americans" | Looking In: Robert Frank's "The Americans" }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
| . San Francisco Museum of Modern Art{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | () | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> exhibition displays Frank's original application to the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation (which funded the primary work on The Americans project), along with vintage contact sheets, letters to photographer Walker Evans and author Jack Kerouac, and two early manuscript versions of Kerouac's introduction to the book. Also exhibited were three collages (made from more than 115 original rough work prints) that were assembled under Frank's supervision in 2007 and 2008, revealing his intended themes as well as his first rounds of image selection. An accompanying book, also titled Looking In: Robert Frank's The Americans, was published,<ref name="looking-in">Looking In: Robert Frank's The Americans: Expanded Edition, Sarah Greenough (Ed), National Gallery Of Art, Washington/Steidl, 2009, Template:ISBN</ref> the most in-depth examination of any photography book ever, at 528 pages. While working as a guard at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Jason Eskenazi asked other noted photographers visiting the Looking In exhibition to choose their favorite image from The Americans and explain their choice, resulting in the book, By the Glow of the Jukebox: The Americans List.<ref>By the Glow of the Juke Box: The Americans List, Jason Eskenazi (Ed), Red Hook, 2012, Template:ISBN</ref>
Films
By the time The Americans was published in the United States, Frank had moved away from photography to concentrate on filmmaking. Among his films was the 1959 Pull My Daisy, which was written and narrated by Kerouac and starred Ginsberg, Gregory Corso and others from the Beat circle. The Beats emphasized spontaneity, and the film conveyed the quality of having been thrown together or even improvised.<ref name="ndawidoff" /> Pull My Daisy was accordingly praised for years as an improvisational masterpiece, until Frank's co-director, Alfred Leslie, revealed in a November 28, 1968 article in the Village Voice that the film was actually carefully planned, rehearsed, and directed by him and Frank, who shot the film with professional lighting.<ref name="Allan" />
In 1960, Frank was staying in Pop artist George Segal's basement while filming The Sin of Jesus with a grant from Walter K. Gutman. Isaac Babel's story was transformed to center on a woman working on a chicken farm in New Jersey. It was originally supposed to be filmed in six weeks in and around New Brunswick, but Frank ended up shooting for six months.
Frank's 1972 documentary of the Rolling Stones, Cocksucker Blues, is arguably his best known film. The film shows the Stones on tour, engaging in heavy drug use and group sex. Frank said of the Stones, "It was great to watch them — the excitement. But my job was after the show. What I was photographing was a kind of boredom. It's so difficult being famous. It's a horrendous life. Everyone wants to get something from you."<ref name="ndawidoff" /> Mick Jagger reportedly told Frank, "It's a fucking good film, Robert, but if it shows in America we'll never be allowed in the country again." The Stones sued to prevent the film's release, and it was disputed whether Frank as the artist or the Stones as those who hired the artist owned the copyright. A court order restricted the film to being shown no more than five times per year, and only in the presence of Frank.<ref name="rollingstone Cocksucker Blues" /> Frank's photography also appeared on the cover of the Rolling Stones' album Exile on Main St..<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: http://www.headphonenation.net/robert-frank-the-photographer-behind-exile-on-main-st/ | {{#if: Robert Frank: The Photographer Behind 'Exile On Main St.' |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if: Gerber
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: Gerber | Gerber{{#if: Brady | , Brady }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: Gerber | Gerber{{#if: Brady | , Brady }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if: Gerber
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: Gerber|
{{#if: August 3, 2015 | (August 3, 2015) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if: Gerber
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Robert Frank: The Photographer Behind 'Exile On Main St.' | [{{{archiveurl}}} Robert Frank: The Photographer Behind 'Exile On Main St.'] }}}} | {{#if: http://www.headphonenation.net/robert-frank-the-photographer-behind-exile-on-main-st/ | {{#if: Robert Frank: The Photographer Behind 'Exile On Main St.' | Robert Frank: The Photographer Behind 'Exile On Main St.' }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: Gerber | | {{#if: August 3, 2015 || }} }}}}{{#if: Gerber
||{{#if: August 3, 2015 | (August 3, 2015) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref>
Other films by Frank include Me and My Brother, Keep Busy, and Candy Mountain (the last was co-directed with Rudy Wurlitzer).<ref name="Me and My Brother" /><ref name="Candy Mountain" />
Later life and death
Though Frank continued to be interested in film and video, he returned to still images in the 1970s, publishing his second photographic book, The Lines of My Hand, in 1972. This work has been described as a "visual autobiography", and consists largely of personal photographs. However, he largely gave up "straight" photography to instead create narratives out of constructed images and collages, incorporating words and multiple frames of images that were directly scratched and distorted on the negatives. None of this later work has achieved an impact comparable to that of The Americans. As some critics have pointed out, this is perhaps because Frank began playing with constructed images more than a decade after Robert Rauschenberg introduced his silkscreen composites—in contrast to The Americans, Frank's later images simply were not beyond the pale of accepted technique and practice by that time.<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://news.artnet.com/art-world/robert-frank-obituary-1646614 | {{#if: Robert Frank, the Godfather of Snapshot Photography and a Pioneer of Everyday Realism, Has Died at Age 94 |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: September 10, 2019 | (September 10, 2019) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Robert Frank, the Godfather of Snapshot Photography and a Pioneer of Everyday Realism, Has Died at Age 94 | [{{{archiveurl}}} Robert Frank, the Godfather of Snapshot Photography and a Pioneer of Everyday Realism, Has Died at Age 94] }}}} | {{#if: https://news.artnet.com/art-world/robert-frank-obituary-1646614 | {{#if: Robert Frank, the Godfather of Snapshot Photography and a Pioneer of Everyday Realism, Has Died at Age 94 | Robert Frank, the Godfather of Snapshot Photography and a Pioneer of Everyday Realism, Has Died at Age 94 }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: September 10, 2019 || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: September 10, 2019 | (September 10, 2019) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref>
Frank and Mary separated in 1969.<ref name="Vogue" /> He remarried, to sculptor June Leaf, and in 1971, moved to the community of Mabou, Nova Scotia in Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia in Canada.<ref name="Vogue">Template:Cite news</ref> In 1974, his daughter, Andrea, was killed in a plane crash in Tikal, Guatemala. Also around this time, his son, Pablo, was first hospitalized and diagnosed with schizophrenia. Much of Frank's subsequent work dealt with the impact of the loss of both his daughter and subsequently his son, who died in an Allentown, Pennsylvania hospital in 1994. In 1995, in memory of his daughter he founded the Andrea Frank Foundation, which provides grants to artists.<ref name="Lynne">Template:Cite book</ref>
After his move to Nova Scotia, Canada, Frank divided his time between his home there, in a former fisherman's shack on the coast, and his Bleecker Street loft in New York. He acquired a reputation for being a recluse (particularly since the death of Andrea), declining most interviews and public appearances. He continued to accept eclectic assignments, however, such as photographing the 1984 Democratic National Convention, and directing music videos for artists such as New Order ("Run"), and Patti Smith ("Summer Cannibals"). Frank produced both films and still images, and helped organize several retrospectives of his art. His work has been represented by Pace/MacGill Gallery in New York since 1984.<ref name="roadtripcities2">"Art: Evoking the World of Some Great Painters", The New York Times</ref> In 1994, the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. presented the most comprehensive retrospective of Frank's work to date, entitled Moving Out.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Frank died on September 9, 2019, at his home in Nova Scotia.<ref name=NYTObit>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="guardian-bakare">Template:Cite news</ref>
Bibliography
Books
- Les Américains Template:= The Americans
- Paris: Delpire, 1958. French. Includes text in French by Simone de Beauvoir, Erskine Caldwell, William Faulkner, Henry Miller and John Steinbeck about American political and social history, selected by Alain Bosquet. Part of the Encyclopédie Essentielle series.
- New York: Grove Press, 1959. Introduction by Jack Kerouac.
- New York: Aperture; Museum of Modern Art, 1969. Revised and enlarged edition. With an introduction by Jack Kerouac, a brief introduction by Frank, and a survey of Frank's films, each represented by a page of film frame stills.
- Göttingen: Steidl, 2008. Template:ISBN. Most photographs are uncropped compared with cropped versions in previous editions, and two photographs are replaced with those of the same subject but from an alternate perspective.
- The Lines of my Hand.
- Tokyo: Yugensha. Deluxe, slipcased edition. Edition of 1000 copies, 500 featured the slipcase photograph of "New York City, 1948", 500 featured the slipcase photograph of "Platte River, Tennessee".
- New York: Lustrum Press, 1972. Paperback.
- New York: Pantheon. Template:ISBN.
- Flower is… Yugensha, 1987. Edition of 1000 copies, 500 featured "Champs-Élysées, 1950 [Fleurs]" tipped onto the front cover, 500 featured "Metro Stalingrad" tipped onto the front cover.
- Flamingo. Göteborg, Sweden: Hasselblad Center, 1997. Template:ISBN. Catalogue for Hasselblad Award exhibition, Hasselblad Center, Goteborg, Sweden.
- London/Wales. Published in collaboration with the Corcoran Gallery, Washington, D.C., for an exhibition held May 10 – July 14, 2003.
- Zurich; New York: Scalo, 2003. Template:ISBN.
- Göttingen: Steidl, 2007. Template:ISBN.
- Come Again. Göttingen: Steidl, 2006. Template:ISBN. According to the back cover, "Photos have been taken within the context of the photographical project 'Beirut, city centre, 1991', Éditions de Cyprès, Paris."
- Paris. Göttingen: Steidl, 2006. Template:ISBN.
- Peru. Göttingen: Steidl, 2006. Template:ISBN.
- Zero Mostel Reads a Book. Göttingen: Steidl, 2006. Template:ISBN.
- Tal Uf Tal Ab. Göttingen: Steidl, 2010. Template:ISBN. The first of the "Visual Diaries" combining photos from Frank's early career with the more private pictures he made in the latter part of his life. Other titles in the series are marked with a *
- Pangnirtung. Göttingen: Steidl, 2011. Template:ISBN.
- Pull My Daisy. Göttingen: Steidl, 2011. Template:ISBN. A transcript of Kerouac's narration from the film Pull My Daisy (1959) with film stills and an introduction by Jerry Tallmer.
- Ferne Nähe: Hommage für Robert Walser Template:= Distant Closeness: A Tribute to Robert Walser. Bern: Robert Walser-Zentrum, 2012. Template:ISBN.
- You Would. Göttingen: Steidl, 2012. Template:ISBN. *
- Park/Sleep. Göttingen: Steidl, 2013. Template:ISBN. *
- Partida. Göttingen: Steidl, 2014. Template:ISBN. *
- What We Have Seen. Göttingen: Steidl, 2016. Template:ISBN. *
- Leon of Juda. Göttingen: Steidl, 2017. Template:ISBN. *
- Good Days Quiet. Göttingen: Steidl, 2019. Template:ISBN.
Critical studies, reviews and biography
- Looking In: Robert Frank's The Americans. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art; Göttingen: Steidl, 2009. Template:ISBN. By Sarah Greenough. With essays by Stuart Alexander, Phillip Brookman, Michel Frizot, Martin Gasser, Jeff L. Rosenheim, Luc Sante and Anne Wilkes Tucker. Published to accompany an exhibition organised by the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.nga.gov/press/exh/0263.html | {{#if: Looking In: Robert Frank's The Americans |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Looking In: Robert Frank's The Americans | [{{{archiveurl}}} Looking In: Robert Frank's The Americans] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.nga.gov/press/exh/0263.html | {{#if: Looking In: Robert Frank's The Americans | Looking In: Robert Frank's The Americans }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref>
- By the Glow of the Juke Box: The Americans List. New York: Red Hook, 2012. Template:ISBN Edited by Jason Eskenazi, with contributions from 276 photographers
- Template:Cite journal Reviews The Americans.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Films
- Don't Blink – Robert Frank (2015). Documentary directed by Laura Israel.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Filmography
}Year Name Notes 1959 Pull My Daisy with Alfred Leslie. Adapted from a Jack Kerouac play, starring Allen Ginsberg.<ref name="Allan">Template:Cite journal</ref> 1961 The Sin of Jesus <ref name="film-makerscoop">{{ - if: {{#if: http://film-makerscoop.com/catalogue/robert-frank-sin-of-jesus-the | {{#if: The Sin of Jesus – Robert Frank – The Film-Makers' Cooperative |1}}}}
Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified }}{{
- if:
{{#if: |1}}}} Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted }} }}{{#if:
{{#if: [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: , {{{first}}} }} {{{author}}} }}]]
{{#if: , {{{first}}} }} {{{author}}} }} }}
}}{{#if:
; {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{#if: |
{{#if:({{{date}}}) {{#if: {{#if: ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) ({{{year}}}) }} }}
}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: The Sin of Jesus – Robert Frank – The Film-Makers' Cooperative | [{{{archiveurl}}} The Sin of Jesus – Robert Frank – The Film-Makers' Cooperative] }}}} | {{#if: http://film-makerscoop.com/catalogue/robert-frank-sin-of-jesus-the | {{#if: The Sin of Jesus – Robert Frank – The Film-Makers' Cooperative | The Sin of Jesus – Robert Frank – The Film-Makers' Cooperative }}}}}}{{#if: en | (en) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> |- |1963 |O.K. End Here |<ref name="Library of Congress">{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.loc.gov/item/jots.200018166/ | {{#if: O.K. END HERE |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: O.K. END HERE | [{{{archiveurl}}} O.K. END HERE] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.loc.gov/item/jots.200018166/ | {{#if: O.K. END HERE | O.K. END HERE }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> |- |1965/1968 |Me And My Brother |A film about Julius Orlovsky (Peter Orlovsky's brother) and his mental illness.<ref name="Me and My Brother">{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D0CE6D8153DE134BC4B53DFB4668382679EDE | {{#if: Movie Review: 'Me and My Brother' Opens |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{#if: | , }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{#if: | , }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: 1969 | (1969) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Movie Review: 'Me and My Brother' Opens | [{{{archiveurl}}} Movie Review: 'Me and My Brother' Opens] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D0CE6D8153DE134BC4B53DFB4668382679EDE | {{#if: Movie Review: 'Me and My Brother' Opens | Movie Review: 'Me and My Brother' Opens }}}}}}{{#if: en | (en) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: 1969 || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: 1969 | (1969) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> |- |1969 |Conversations in Vermont |<ref name="ArchiveVermont">{{
- if: {{#if: https://archive.org/details/cbpf_000051_p2 | {{#if: Conversations in Vermont |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if: Coney
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: Coney | Coney{{#if: John | , John }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: Coney | Coney{{#if: John | , John }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if: Coney
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: Coney|
{{#if: 1969 | (1969) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if: Coney
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Conversations in Vermont | [{{{archiveurl}}} Conversations in Vermont] }}}} | {{#if: https://archive.org/details/cbpf_000051_p2 | {{#if: Conversations in Vermont | Conversations in Vermont }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: Coney | | {{#if: 1969 || }} }}}}{{#if: Coney
||{{#if: 1969 | (1969) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref><ref name="IDFA">{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/cc9ef5fe-806a-4dfb-a330-9a34c8fb213a/conversations-in-vermont | {{#if: Conversations in Vermont IDFA |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Conversations in Vermont IDFA | [{{{archiveurl}}} Conversations in Vermont IDFA] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/cc9ef5fe-806a-4dfb-a330-9a34c8fb213a/conversations-in-vermont | {{#if: Conversations in Vermont IDFA | Conversations in Vermont IDFA }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if: IDFA
| . IDFA{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> |- |1969 |Life-Raft Earth |<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.mfah.org/art/detail/9636 | {{#if: Life-raft Earth |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Life-raft Earth | [{{{archiveurl}}} Life-raft Earth] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.mfah.org/art/detail/9636 | {{#if: Life-raft Earth | Life-raft Earth }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if: The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
| . The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> |- |1971 |About Me: A Musical |<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.mfah.org/art/detail/9637 | {{#if: About Me: A Musical |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: About Me: A Musical | [{{{archiveurl}}} About Me: A Musical] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.mfah.org/art/detail/9637 | {{#if: About Me: A Musical | About Me: A Musical }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if: The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
| . The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> |- |1972 |Cocksucker Blues |controversial film about the Rolling Stones' 1972 tour.<ref name="rollingstone Cocksucker Blues">Template:Cite news</ref> |- |1975 |Keep Busy |with Rudy Wurlitzer.<ref name="theguardian">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.mfah.org/art/detail/9818 | {{#if: Keep Busy |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Keep Busy | [{{{archiveurl}}} Keep Busy] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.mfah.org/art/detail/9818 | {{#if: Keep Busy | Keep Busy }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if: The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
| . The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> |- |1980 |Life Dances On |<ref name="time">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.mfah.org/art/detail/9638 | {{#if: Life Dances On |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Life Dances On | [{{{archiveurl}}} Life Dances On] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.mfah.org/art/detail/9638 | {{#if: Life Dances On | Life Dances On }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if: The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
| . The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> |- |1981 |Energy and How to Get It |with Rudy Wurlitzer.<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/975c9764-e6ac-45b1-bdcc-1399c29c02ce/energy-and-how-to-get-it | {{#if: Energy and How to Get It |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | () | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Energy and How to Get It | [{{{archiveurl}}} Energy and How to Get It] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/975c9764-e6ac-45b1-bdcc-1399c29c02ce/energy-and-how-to-get-it | {{#if: Energy and How to Get It | Energy and How to Get It }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | () | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> |- |1983 |This Song For Jack |<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.loc.gov/item/jots.200020001/ | {{#if: THIS SONG FOR JACK |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: THIS SONG FOR JACK | [{{{archiveurl}}} THIS SONG FOR JACK] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.loc.gov/item/jots.200020001/ | {{#if: THIS SONG FOR JACK | THIS SONG FOR JACK }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> |- |1985 |Home Improvements |<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.moma.org/collection/works/198260 | {{#if: Robert Frank. Home Improvements. 1985 |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Robert Frank. Home Improvements. 1985 | [{{{archiveurl}}} Robert Frank. Home Improvements. 1985] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.moma.org/collection/works/198260 | {{#if: Robert Frank. Home Improvements. 1985 | Robert Frank. Home Improvements. 1985 }}}}}}{{#if: en | (en) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> |- |1988 |Candy Mountain |with Rudy Wurlitzer.<ref name="Candy Mountain">{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/10/movies/review-film-hitting-the-highway.html | {{#if: Movie Review, Hitting the Highway |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if: James
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: James | James{{#if: Caryn | , Caryn }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: James | James{{#if: Caryn | , Caryn }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if: James
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: James|
{{#if: June 10, 1988 | (June 10, 1988) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if: James
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Movie Review, Hitting the Highway | [{{{archiveurl}}} Movie Review, Hitting the Highway] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/10/movies/review-film-hitting-the-highway.html | {{#if: Movie Review, Hitting the Highway | Movie Review, Hitting the Highway }}}}}}{{#if: en | (en) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: James | | {{#if: June 10, 1988 || }} }}}}{{#if: James
||{{#if: June 10, 1988 | (June 10, 1988) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> |- |1989 |Hunter |<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.moma.org/collection/works/198262 | {{#if: Robert Frank. Hunter. 1989 |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Robert Frank. Hunter. 1989 | [{{{archiveurl}}} Robert Frank. Hunter. 1989] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.moma.org/collection/works/198262 | {{#if: Robert Frank. Hunter. 1989 | Robert Frank. Hunter. 1989 }}}}}}{{#if: en | (en) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> |- |1990 |C'est vrai! (One Hour) |<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.moma.org/collection/works/198263 | {{#if: Robert Frank. C'est Vrai (One Hour). 1990 |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Robert Frank. C'est Vrai (One Hour). 1990 | [{{{archiveurl}}} Robert Frank. C'est Vrai (One Hour). 1990] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.moma.org/collection/works/198263 | {{#if: Robert Frank. C'est Vrai (One Hour). 1990 | Robert Frank. C'est Vrai (One Hour). 1990 }}}}}}{{#if: en | (en) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> |- |1992 |Last Supper |<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.moma.org/collection/works/198265 | {{#if: Robert Frank. Last Supper. 1992 |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Robert Frank. Last Supper. 1992 | [{{{archiveurl}}} Robert Frank. Last Supper. 1992] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.moma.org/collection/works/198265 | {{#if: Robert Frank. Last Supper. 1992 | Robert Frank. Last Supper. 1992 }}}}}}{{#if: en | (en) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> |- |1994 |Moving Pictures |<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/23776_1 | {{#if: Portail du film documentaire |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Portail du film documentaire | [{{{archiveurl}}} Portail du film documentaire] }}}} | {{#if: http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/23776_1 | {{#if: Portail du film documentaire | Portail du film documentaire }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref><ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://bordercrossingsmag.com/article/the-portable-robert-frank | {{#if: The Portable Robert Frank |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: The Portable Robert Frank | [{{{archiveurl}}} The Portable Robert Frank] }}}} | {{#if: https://bordercrossingsmag.com/article/the-portable-robert-frank | {{#if: The Portable Robert Frank | The Portable Robert Frank }}}}}}{{#if: en | (en) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> |- |2002 |Paper Route |<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/bdb2dab8-12a0-4cd1-9eb6-8e1acf7afa2b/paper-route | {{#if: Paper Route |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | () | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Paper Route | [{{{archiveurl}}} Paper Route] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/bdb2dab8-12a0-4cd1-9eb6-8e1acf7afa2b/paper-route | {{#if: Paper Route | Paper Route }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | () | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref> |- |2004/2008 |Template:Ill |<ref>„Hauptpreis, dotiert mit EUR 3.500“</ref> |}
Exhibitions
Solo exhibitions (selected)
- 1961: Robert Frank: The Americans, Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL<ref name="Robert Frank: Photos">Robert Frank: Photos, Art Institute of Chicago; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 1976: Robert Frank, Kunsthaus Zürich, Zürich<ref>Ausstellungen 1976 (Exhibitions 1976), Kunsthaus Zurich; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 1979: Robert Frank: Photographer/Filmmaker, Works 1945–1979, Long Beach Museum of Art.
- 1985: Robert Frank: New York to Nova Scotia, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.
- 1989: The Americans, Jan Kesner Gallery, Los Angeles<ref>Robert Frank. The Americans, Jan Kesner Gallery; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 1997: Flamingo, Hasselblad Award exhibition, Hasselblad Center, Goteborg, Sweden<ref>See de:Hasselblad Foundation Award.</ref>
- 2004: Storylines, Tate Modern Museum, London<ref>Robert Frank: Storylines, Tate London; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 2005: Storylines, Fotomuseum Winterthur, Winterthur<ref>Robert Frank. Storylines, Fotomuseum Winterthur; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 2008: Robert Frank. Paris, Museum Folkwang, Essen<ref>Robert Frank im Museum Folkwang Essen, Ruhr-Guide. Onlinemagazine für das Ruhrgebiet, published on April 22, 2008; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 2009: Looking In: The Americans, National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.<ref>Looking In: Robert Frank's The Americans, National Gallery of Art; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 2009: Robert Frank. Die Filme, C/O Berlin, Berlin<ref>Robert Frank. Die Filme. Retrospektive, C/O Berlin Foundation; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 2010: The Unseen Eye: Photography from the collection of W.M. Hunt (group exhibition), Appleton Museum of Art, Ocala<ref>Exhibitions Archive, Appleton Museum of Art; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 2012: Robert Frank. From the collection of Fotomuseum Winterthur, Multimedia Art Museum, Moscow<ref>Robert Frank. From the collection of Fotomuseum Winterthur, Multimedia Art Museum Moscow; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 2014: Robert Frank In America, Cantor Art Center at Stanford University, Stanford<ref>Groundbreaking exhibition of photographs by Robert Frank sheds new light on his legendary work, The Americans Template:Webarchive, Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts; retrieved June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 2014: Robert Frank. Books and Films. 1947–2014, Akademie der Bildenden Künste München;<ref>Sabine Buchwald: Die anarchische Kraft des Fotografen. In der Akademie der Bildenden Künste sind Robert Franks Bilder als gigantische Wandzeitung zu sehen. Der Katalog dazu ist eine besondere SZ, in: Süddeutsche Zeitung, Nr. 270, 24. November 2014, Seite R4.</ref> anschließend 2015 Museum Folkwang, Essen<ref>Der Mann,der die Amerikaner sah, in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung vom 9. April 2015, S. 38.</ref>
- 2016: Robert Frank: Books and Films, 1947–2016, HALLE 14 – Zentrum für zeitgenössische Kunst, Leipzig<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: http://graphtwerk.de/360-grad-panorama-halle-14-robert-frank-exhibition | {{#if: 360°-Panorama der Ausstellung |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | () | {{#if: | {{#if: | ( ) | () }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: 360°-Panorama der Ausstellung | [{{{archiveurl}}} 360°-Panorama der Ausstellung] }}}} | {{#if: http://graphtwerk.de/360-grad-panorama-halle-14-robert-frank-exhibition | {{#if: 360°-Panorama der Ausstellung | 360°-Panorama der Ausstellung }}}}}}{{#if: German | (German) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
|
}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | () | {{#if: | {{#if: | ( ) | () }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “”
}}</ref>
- 2016: Robert Frank: Books and Films. 1947–2016, Museum der Moderne, Salzburg<ref>Robert Frank: Books and Films, 1947–2016, Museum der Moderne Salzburg; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 2016: Robert Frank: Books and Films. 1947–2016, Kunsthalle Ziegelhütte, Appenzell<ref>Robert Frank Template:Webarchive, Heinrich Gebert Kulturstiftung Appenzell; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 2017: Robert Frank: Photos, Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL<ref name="Robert Frank: Photos" />
Group exhibitions (selected)
- 1955: The Family of Man, Museum of Modern Art, New York, January 24 – May 8 (Frank represented with 5 works)<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.moma.org/documents/moma_master-checklist_325962.pdf | {{#if: Museum of Modern Art. 'The Family of Man' Master Checklist. |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{#if: | , }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{#if: | , }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | () | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Museum of Modern Art. 'The Family of Man' Master Checklist. | [{{{archiveurl}}} Museum of Modern Art. 'The Family of Man' Master Checklist.] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.moma.org/documents/moma_master-checklist_325962.pdf | {{#if: Museum of Modern Art. 'The Family of Man' Master Checklist. | Museum of Modern Art. 'The Family of Man' Master Checklist. }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | () | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref><ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.moma.org/documents/moma_press-release_325966.pdf | {{#if: The Family of Man, Museum of Modern Art press release |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{#if: | , }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{#if: | , }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | () | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: The Family of Man, Museum of Modern Art press release | [{{{archiveurl}}} The Family of Man, Museum of Modern Art press release] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.moma.org/documents/moma_press-release_325966.pdf | {{#if: The Family of Man, Museum of Modern Art press release | The Family of Man, Museum of Modern Art press release }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | () | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref>
- 1962: Photographs by Harry Callahan and Robert Frank, Museum of Modern Art, New York, January 30 – April 1<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.moma.org/documents/moma_press-release_326264.pdf | {{#if: Photographs by Callahan and Frank at Museum of Modern Art |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{#if: | , }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{#if: | , }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: January 30, 1962 | (January 30, 1962) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Photographs by Callahan and Frank at Museum of Modern Art | [{{{archiveurl}}} Photographs by Callahan and Frank at Museum of Modern Art] }}}} | {{#if: https://www.moma.org/documents/moma_press-release_326264.pdf | {{#if: Photographs by Callahan and Frank at Museum of Modern Art | Photographs by Callahan and Frank at Museum of Modern Art }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: January 30, 1962 || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: January 30, 1962 | (January 30, 1962) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref>
- 2004: Cruel and Tender. Fotografie und das Wirkliche, Museum Ludwig, Köln<ref>Cruel and Tender. Fotografie und das Wirkliche (Cruel and Tender. Photography and the true), Kunst und Kultur; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 2004: Cold Play. Set 1 aus der Sammlung des Fotomuseums Winterthur, Fotomuseum Winterthur, Winterthur<ref>Cold Play – Set 1 aus der Sammlung des Fotomuseums Winterthur (Cold Play – Set 1 from the collection of the Fotomuseums Winterthur), Fotomuseum Winterthur; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 2005: I Wanna Be Loved By You, Brooklyn Museum of Art, Brooklyn<ref>I Wanna Be Loved By You: Photographs of Marilyn Monroe from the Leon and Michaela Constantiner Collection, Brooklyn Museum of Art; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 2006: American Beauty, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne<ref>American Beauty. Photographs of the American Social Landscape 1930s–1970s, National Gallery of Victoria; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 2006: Some tribes, Christophe Guye Galerie, Zurich<ref>Some Tribes, Christophe Guye Galerie; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 2008: Street Art, Street Life: From the 1950s to Now, Bronx Museum of the Arts, New York<ref>Street Art, Street Life: From 1950s to Now, Bronx Museum of the Arts; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 2010: Staff Picks 2010, Howard Greenberg Gallery, New York<ref>Staff Picks 2010, Howard Greenberg Gallery; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
- 2010: Humanos. Acciones, Historia Y Fotografía, Centro de Arte Alcobendas (CAA), Madrid<ref>Humanos. Acciones, Historia y Fotografía, Centro de Arte Alcobendas; retrieved: June 24, 2017.</ref>
Awards
- 1955: Guggenheim Fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation.<ref name="guggenheim-fellowship" />
- 1996: Hasselblad Foundation International Award in Photography from the Hasselblad Foundation.<ref name="hasselblad-award">{{
- if: {{#if: http://www.hasselbladfoundation.org/robert-frank/en/ | {{#if: Robert Frank |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Robert Frank | [{{{archiveurl}}} Robert Frank] }}}} | {{#if: http://www.hasselbladfoundation.org/robert-frank/en/ | {{#if: Robert Frank | Robert Frank }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if: Hasselblad Foundation
| . Hasselblad Foundation{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref>
- 2002: Edward MacDowell Medal, MacDowell Colony, Peterborough, NH.<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: http://www.macdowellcolony.org/events-MedalDay-History.html | {{#if: Medal Day History |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Medal Day History | [{{{archiveurl}}} Medal Day History] }}}} | {{#if: http://www.macdowellcolony.org/events-MedalDay-History.html | {{#if: Medal Day History | Medal Day History }}}}}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if: MacDowell Colony
| . MacDowell Colony{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- 2015: Doctor of Fine Arts, honoris causa, Nova Scotia College of Art and Design University, Halifax, Canada.<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: https://steidl.de/News/Doctor-of-Fine-Arts-Honoris-Causa-of-NSCAD-University-1232344756.html | {{#if: Doctor of Fine Arts Honoris Causa of NSCAD University |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}} ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }}]] | {{#if: | {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }} | {{{author}}} }} }}}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}}}{{#if: |
{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} |}}}}{{#if:
| . }}{{ #if: | {{{editor}}}:}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Doctor of Fine Arts Honoris Causa of NSCAD University | [{{{archiveurl}}} Doctor of Fine Arts Honoris Causa of NSCAD University] }}}} | {{#if: https://steidl.de/News/Doctor-of-Fine-Arts-Honoris-Causa-of-NSCAD-University-1232344756.html | {{#if: Doctor of Fine Arts Honoris Causa of NSCAD University | Doctor of Fine Arts Honoris Causa of NSCAD University }}}}}}{{#if: en | (en) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: | | {{#if: || }} }}}}{{#if:
||{{#if: | ({{{date}}}) | {{#if: | {{#if: | ({{{month}}} {{{year}}}) | ({{{year}}}) }} }} }}}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”}}</ref>
References
Sources
- Philip Gefter, Snapshots From The American Road, The New York Times, December 14, 2008.
Further reading
- Alexander, Stuart. – Robert Frank: A Bibliography, Filmography, and Exhibition Chronology, 1946–1985 (Center for Creative Photography, 1986). OCLC 16798695
- Gefter, Philip. – Photography After Frank (Aperture, 2009). Template:ISBN
- Green, Jonathan. – American Photography: A Critical History 1945 to the Present (Abrams, 1984). Chapter 5, "The Americans: Politics and Alienation." Template:ISBN
- Janis, Eugenia Parry and Wendy MacNeil, eds. – Photography Within the Humanities (Addison House, 1977). "Robert Frank" (transcript of a talk and interview conducted at Wellesley College on April 14, 1975), pp. 52–65. Template:ISBN
- Leo, Vince. – "Robert Frank: From Compromise to Collaboration." Parkett, 1994, Issue 42, pp. 8–23.
- Papageorge, Tod. – "Walker Evans and Robert Frank: An Essay on Influence" (Yale University Art Gallery, 1981). Template:ISBN
- Penman, Ian. – Robert Frank: Storylines (Steidl, 2004). Template:ISBN
- Sandeen, Eric. – Picturing An Exhibition (University of New Mexico Press, 1995). Chapter 5, "Edward Steichen, Robert Frank, and American Modernism." Template:ISBN
- Tucker, Anne and Philip Brookman, eds. – Robert Frank: New York to Nova Scotia (Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, 1986). Template:ISBN
- Bibliographies
- Frank Bibliography (via UC Berkeley)
External links
- VR tour of "Robert Frank" at Hamiltons Gallery, London
- Template:IMDb name
- Robert Frank's Masterpiece: "The Americans" at 50
- Looking In: Robert Frank's "The Americans", National Gallery of Art, 2008
- Elson Lecture 2009: Robert Frank, National Gallery of Art
- Robert Frank Collection Guide, National Gallery of Art, 2014 (with "more than 430 images")
- Template:National Public Radio
Filmography
- 1959: Pull My Daisy (with Alfred Leslie)
- 1961: The Sin of Jesus
- 1963: O.K. End Here
- 1965/1968: Me And My Brother
- 1969: Conversations in Vermont
- 1969: Life-Raft Earth
- 1971: About Me: A Musical
- 1972: Cocksucker Blues
- 1975: Keep Busy (with Rudy Wurlitzer)
- 1980: Life Dances On
- 1981: Energy and How to Get It (with Rudy Wurlitzer)
- 1983: This Song For Jack
- 1985: Home Improvements
- 1987: Candy Mountain (with Rudy Wurlitzer)
- 1989: Hunter
- 1990: C’est vrai! (One Hour)
- 1992: Last Supper
- 1994: Moving Pictures
- 2002: Paper Route
- 2004/2008: True Story
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Steidl" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
