Soul
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| - | | style="text-align: left;" | "However [[important]] it may be for all men to know the [[Truth]], very few, nevertheless, are acquainted with it, because the majority are incapable of searching it themselves, or perhaps, do not wish the [[trouble]]. Thus we must not be astonished if the world is filled with vain and [[ridiculous]] [[opinion]]s, and nothing is more capable of making them current than [[ignorance]], which is the sole source of the false ideas that exist regarding the [[Divinity]], [[the soul]], and the [[spirit]], and all the [[error]]s depending thereon." --''[[Treatise of the Three Impostors]]'' | + | | style="text-align: left;" | |
| - | |}[[Image:Diagram of the human mind, from Robert Fludd (1574-1637), Utriusque cosmic maioris scilicet et minoris metaphysica.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Utriusque cosmi maioris scilicet et minoris metaphysica]]'' by [[Robert Fludd]]]] | + | "You are a little [[soul]], carrying a [[corpse]] [[You are a little soul, carrying a corpse|[...]]]" --Epictetus |
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| + | [[Image:Diagram of the human mind, from Robert Fludd (1574-1637), Utriusque cosmic maioris scilicet et minoris metaphysica.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Utriusque cosmi maioris scilicet et minoris metaphysica]]'' by [[Robert Fludd]]]] | ||
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| - | The '''soul''', according to many [[religion|religious]] and [[philosophy|philosophical]] traditions, is the [[self-aware]] [[essence]] unique to a particular living [[being]]. In these traditions the soul is thought to incorporate the inner essence of each living being, and to be the true basis for [[sapience]]. It is believed in many cultures and religions that the soul is the unification of one's sense of identity. Souls are usually (but not always as explained below) considered to be [[immortality|immortal]] and to exist before their incarnation in [[flesh]]. | + | |
| + | The '''soul''', in many [[religious]], [[philosophical]] and [[mythological]] traditions, is the [[incorporeality|incorporeal]] and, in many conceptions, [[immortality of the soul|immortal]] [[essence]] of a [[living]] thing. According to the [[Abrahamic religions]] in most of their forms, souls—or at least immortal souls—belong only to human beings. For example, the Catholic theologian [[Thomas Aquinas]] attributed "soul" (''[[anima|anima]]'') to all organisms but argued that only human souls are immortal. Other religions (most notably [[Jainism]] and [[Hinduism]]) teach that all biological organisms have souls, and others teach that even non-biological entities (such as rivers and mountains) possess souls. This latter belief is called [[animism]]. | ||
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| + | Greek philosophers such as [[Socrates]], [[Plato]] and [[Aristotle]] understood the ''[[ψυχή#Ancient Greek|psyche]]'' (ψυχή) to be crowned with the logical faculty, the exercise of which was the most divine of human actions. At his defense trial, Socrates even summarized his teachings as nothing other than an exhortation for his fellow Athenians to firstly excel in matters of the psyche since all bodily goods are dependent on such excellence (''[[Apology (Plato)|The Apology]]'' 30a–b). | ||
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| + | ''[[Anima mundi]]'' is the concept of a "world soul". | ||
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| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| + | * [[Ensoulment]] | ||
| * [[Philosophical zombie]] | * [[Philosophical zombie]] | ||
| * [[Vitalism]] | * [[Vitalism]] | ||
Revision as of 09:22, 4 January 2015
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"You are a little soul, carrying a corpse [...]" --Epictetus |
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The soul, in many religious, philosophical and mythological traditions, is the incorporeal and, in many conceptions, immortal essence of a living thing. According to the Abrahamic religions in most of their forms, souls—or at least immortal souls—belong only to human beings. For example, the Catholic theologian Thomas Aquinas attributed "soul" (anima) to all organisms but argued that only human souls are immortal. Other religions (most notably Jainism and Hinduism) teach that all biological organisms have souls, and others teach that even non-biological entities (such as rivers and mountains) possess souls. This latter belief is called animism.
Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle understood the psyche (ψυχή) to be crowned with the logical faculty, the exercise of which was the most divine of human actions. At his defense trial, Socrates even summarized his teachings as nothing other than an exhortation for his fellow Athenians to firstly excel in matters of the psyche since all bodily goods are dependent on such excellence (The Apology 30a–b).
Anima mundi is the concept of a "world soul".
See also
- Ensoulment
- Philosophical zombie
- Vitalism
- Mind-body dichotomy
- On the Soul
- Soul (Christianity)
- On the subject of whether or not women have souls
- Soul music, the genre of music
