Somatic symptom disorder
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| - | In archaeology, the term '''entoptic phenomena''' relates to visual experiences derived from within the eye or brain (as opposed to externally, as in normal vision). In this respect they differ slightly from the medical definition, which defines entoptic phenomena as only applying to sources within the eye, not the brain. To avoid this confusion, the term '''subjective visual phenomena''' is sometimes used. ''Entoptic'' was chosen by author David Lewis Williams due to its origin from [[Greek language|Greek]] meaning "coming from within" | ||
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| - | There has been a great deal of work trying to find evidence of motifs and compositions derived from entoptic phenomena in [[prehistoric art]], especially [[rock art]] and [[megalithic art]]. The justification of this research is that entoptic phenomena normally occur during [[Altered state of consciousness|states of altered consciousness]], the practice of which may impact our views of ancient religious and social practice. The importance of looking outside traditional methods of research for interpreting [[prehistoric]] cultures is made more so due to the lack of abundant data which makes current cultural studies viable. | ||
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| - | ==David Lewis-Williams's System of Entoptic Phenomenon== | ||
| - | ===Stage 1=== | ||
| - | Experiences include [[geometric]] visual patterns such as dots, zagging lines, as well as grid patterns which are all common shapes which are universally understood by the human condition. These patterns and shapes can be seen without aid of [[psychotropic]] substances but under their influence the heightened effects precipitate modes of altered consciousness. Entoptic experiences differ from [[hallucinations]] in that they are a purely visual phenomenon, while [[hallucinations]] represent experience of culturally occurring themes as well as physical coming from the five senses. | ||
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| - | ===Stage 2=== | ||
| - | Entoptic Phenomena are interpreted in ways that can be understood, matched to objects or ideas that may be familiar in day to day life and may also be attributed to the individuals state such as hunger, sexual arousal, or anxiety and fear. Placing objects in reality from base shapes seen under influence from pscychotropics which link to [[Somatic symptom disorder|somatic]] physical responses lead now to full hallucinations. The relation between the first stage entoptic image and later stage full hallucinations are not mutually exclusive, both may be present. | ||
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| - | ===Stage 3=== | ||
| - | Stage 3 images become iconic, relating to themes from the subjects life and become linked to powerful emotional experiences. Metaphor and simile give way to the belief that objects are exactly what they appear to be "subject losing insight into the differences between literal and analogical meanings" These stages may not always be sequential, and all stages may not be experienced depending on the subject and of course the type of [[psychotropic]] being used. | ||
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| - | Williams notes that altered states are and their resulting impact on human [[consciousness]] is often marginalized within state, scientific, and religious realms. | ||
| + | A '''somatic symptom disorder''', formerly known as a '''somatoform disorder''', is a [[mental disorder]] characterized by physical symptoms that suggest [[physical illness]] or injury – symptoms that cannot be explained fully by a general medical condition or by the direct effect of a substance, and are not attributable to another mental disorder (e.g., [[panic disorder]]). | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | *[[Entheogen]] | + | * [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]] |
| - | *[[Phosphene]] | + | * [[Munchausen syndrome by proxy]] |
| - | *[[Psychedelic art]] | + | * [[Hysteria]] |
| - | *[[Optical illusions]] | + | * [[Nocebo]] |
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A somatic symptom disorder, formerly known as a somatoform disorder, is a mental disorder characterized by physical symptoms that suggest physical illness or injury – symptoms that cannot be explained fully by a general medical condition or by the direct effect of a substance, and are not attributable to another mental disorder (e.g., panic disorder).
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