September 20  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
*[[1633]] - [[Galileo Galilei]] is tried before [[Spanish Inquisition|the Inquisition]] for teaching that the Earth orbits the Sun. *[[1633]] - [[Galileo Galilei]] is tried before [[Spanish Inquisition|the Inquisition]] for teaching that the Earth orbits the Sun.
-*[[1737]] - [[Running|Runner]] [[Edward Marshall]] completes his journey in the [[Walking Purchase]] forcing the cession of 1.2 million acres (4,860 km²) of [[Lenape|Lenape-Delaware]] tribal land to the [[Pennsylvania Colony]].  
-*[[1792]] - French troops stop allied invasion of [[France]], during the [[War of the First Coalition]] at [[Battle of Valmy|Valmy]].  
-*[[1835]] - [[War of Tatters|Farroupilha's Revolution]] begins in [[Rio Grande do Sul]], [[Brazil]]. 
-*[[1854]] - [[Battle of Alma]]: [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[France|French]] troops defeat [[Russia]]ns in the [[Crimea]]. 
-*[[1857]] - The Indian Mutiny ends with the recapture of [[Delhi]] by troops loyal to the [[Honourable East India Company|East India Company]]. 
-*[[1860]] - The [[Prince of Wales]] (later King [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom]]) visits the [[United States]]. 
-*[[1863]] - [[American Civil War]]: The [[Battle of Chickamauga]] ends. 
-*[[1870]] - ''[[Bersaglieri]]'' corps enters [[Rome]] through ''[[Porta Pia]]'' and completes the [[Italian Unification|unification of Italy]]; see [[capture of Rome]]. 
-*[[1871]] - [[Bishop]] [[John Coleridge Patteson]] [[martyr]]ed on the island of [[Nukapu]] a [[Polynesian outlier]] island now in the [[Temotu]] province of the [[Solomon Islands]]. He was the first [[bishop]] of [[Melanesia]]. 
-*[[1879]] - [[Cliftonville F.C.|Cliftonville Football Club]], the oldest club in [[Ireland]], is founded by [[John McCredy McAlery]]. 
-*[[1881]] - [[Chester A. Arthur]] is inaugurated as the 21st [[President of the United States]]. 
-*[[1891]] - The first [[gasoline]]-powered [[automobile|car]] debuts in [[Springfield, Massachusetts]], [[United States]]. 
-*[[1906]] - [[Cunard Line]]'s [[RMS Mauretania (1906)|RMS ''Mauretania'']] is launched at the [[Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson]] shipyard in [[Newcastle, England]]. 
-*[[1917]] - [[Paraguay]] becomes a signatory to the [[Buenos Aires Convention|Buenos Aires]] [[copyright]] [[treaty]]. [[Red Auerbach]], former coach of the Championship winning [[Boston Celtics]] (NBA), was born. 
-*[[1920]] - Foundation of the [[Spanish Legion]]. 
-*[[1930]] - [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]] was formed by Archbishop Mar Ivanios 
-*[[1939]] - A [[Nazi Germany|German]] [[Messerschmitt]] [[Messerschmitt Bf 109|Bf 109]] is shot down by [[Fairey Aviation|Fairey]] [[Fairey Battle|Battle]] gunner [[Sgt.]] [[F. Letchard]] during a patrol near [[Aachen]]. This is the [[Royal Air Force|RAF's]] first [[Catastrophic kill|aerial victory]] of the [[Second World War]]. 
-*[[1940]] - [http://www.nsa.gov/women/women00017.cfm Genevieve Grotjan] completes the decryption of the [[PURPLE|Japanese Purple]] code. 
-*[[1942]] - [[Holocaust]] in [[Letychiv]], [[Ukraine]]. In the course of two days [[Germany|German]] SS murders at least 3.000 [[Jews]] 
*[[1946]] - The first [[Cannes Film Festival]] is held. *[[1946]] - The first [[Cannes Film Festival]] is held.
*[[1954]] - [[New Zealand]]'s [[Mazengarb Report|Special Committee on Moral Delinquency in Children and Adolescents]] reports just ten days after concluding hearings. *[[1954]] - [[New Zealand]]'s [[Mazengarb Report|Special Committee on Moral Delinquency in Children and Adolescents]] reports just ten days after concluding hearings.

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  1. Johannes Meursius
  2. Raymond Borde
  3. Sophia Loren
  4. Sylvester James
  5. Andrzej Munk
  • Desire Unbound
  • Jeanloup Sieff
  • Joseph Breitbach





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