September 20
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== Art and culture == | == Art and culture == | ||
*[[1633]] - [[Galileo Galilei]] is tried before [[Spanish Inquisition|the Inquisition]] for teaching that the Earth orbits the Sun. | *[[1633]] - [[Galileo Galilei]] is tried before [[Spanish Inquisition|the Inquisition]] for teaching that the Earth orbits the Sun. | ||
- | *[[1737]] - [[Running|Runner]] [[Edward Marshall]] completes his journey in the [[Walking Purchase]] forcing the cession of 1.2 million acres (4,860 km²) of [[Lenape|Lenape-Delaware]] tribal land to the [[Pennsylvania Colony]]. | ||
- | *[[1792]] - French troops stop allied invasion of [[France]], during the [[War of the First Coalition]] at [[Battle of Valmy|Valmy]]. | ||
- | *[[1835]] - [[War of Tatters|Farroupilha's Revolution]] begins in [[Rio Grande do Sul]], [[Brazil]]. | ||
- | *[[1854]] - [[Battle of Alma]]: [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[France|French]] troops defeat [[Russia]]ns in the [[Crimea]]. | ||
- | *[[1857]] - The Indian Mutiny ends with the recapture of [[Delhi]] by troops loyal to the [[Honourable East India Company|East India Company]]. | ||
- | *[[1860]] - The [[Prince of Wales]] (later King [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom]]) visits the [[United States]]. | ||
- | *[[1863]] - [[American Civil War]]: The [[Battle of Chickamauga]] ends. | ||
- | *[[1870]] - ''[[Bersaglieri]]'' corps enters [[Rome]] through ''[[Porta Pia]]'' and completes the [[Italian Unification|unification of Italy]]; see [[capture of Rome]]. | ||
- | *[[1871]] - [[Bishop]] [[John Coleridge Patteson]] [[martyr]]ed on the island of [[Nukapu]] a [[Polynesian outlier]] island now in the [[Temotu]] province of the [[Solomon Islands]]. He was the first [[bishop]] of [[Melanesia]]. | ||
- | *[[1879]] - [[Cliftonville F.C.|Cliftonville Football Club]], the oldest club in [[Ireland]], is founded by [[John McCredy McAlery]]. | ||
- | *[[1881]] - [[Chester A. Arthur]] is inaugurated as the 21st [[President of the United States]]. | ||
- | *[[1891]] - The first [[gasoline]]-powered [[automobile|car]] debuts in [[Springfield, Massachusetts]], [[United States]]. | ||
- | *[[1906]] - [[Cunard Line]]'s [[RMS Mauretania (1906)|RMS ''Mauretania'']] is launched at the [[Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson]] shipyard in [[Newcastle, England]]. | ||
- | *[[1917]] - [[Paraguay]] becomes a signatory to the [[Buenos Aires Convention|Buenos Aires]] [[copyright]] [[treaty]]. [[Red Auerbach]], former coach of the Championship winning [[Boston Celtics]] (NBA), was born. | ||
- | *[[1920]] - Foundation of the [[Spanish Legion]]. | ||
- | *[[1930]] - [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]] was formed by Archbishop Mar Ivanios | ||
- | *[[1939]] - A [[Nazi Germany|German]] [[Messerschmitt]] [[Messerschmitt Bf 109|Bf 109]] is shot down by [[Fairey Aviation|Fairey]] [[Fairey Battle|Battle]] gunner [[Sgt.]] [[F. Letchard]] during a patrol near [[Aachen]]. This is the [[Royal Air Force|RAF's]] first [[Catastrophic kill|aerial victory]] of the [[Second World War]]. | ||
- | *[[1940]] - [http://www.nsa.gov/women/women00017.cfm Genevieve Grotjan] completes the decryption of the [[PURPLE|Japanese Purple]] code. | ||
- | *[[1942]] - [[Holocaust]] in [[Letychiv]], [[Ukraine]]. In the course of two days [[Germany|German]] SS murders at least 3.000 [[Jews]] | ||
*[[1946]] - The first [[Cannes Film Festival]] is held. | *[[1946]] - The first [[Cannes Film Festival]] is held. | ||
*[[1954]] - [[New Zealand]]'s [[Mazengarb Report|Special Committee on Moral Delinquency in Children and Adolescents]] reports just ten days after concluding hearings. | *[[1954]] - [[New Zealand]]'s [[Mazengarb Report|Special Committee on Moral Delinquency in Children and Adolescents]] reports just ten days after concluding hearings. |
Revision as of 18:14, 19 September 2007
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Art and culture
- 1633 - Galileo Galilei is tried before the Inquisition for teaching that the Earth orbits the Sun.
- 1946 - The first Cannes Film Festival is held.
- 1954 - New Zealand's Special Committee on Moral Delinquency in Children and Adolescents reports just ten days after concluding hearings.
- 1959 - Brion Gysin makes his first cut-up in the Beat Hotel in Paris.
- 1962 - James Meredith, an African-American, is barred from entering the University of Mississippi.
- 1967 - The RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 is launched at John Brown & Company, Clydebank, Scotland. It is operated by the Cunard Line.
- 1969 - John Lennon leaves The Beatles but does not make a public announcement
- 1970 - Syrian tanks roll into Jordan in response to continued fighting between Jordan and the fedayeen. The Jordanians knock out 30 of the Syrian tanks.
- 1973 - Billie Jean King beats Bobby Riggs in battle-of-sexes tennis match at the Houston Astrodome in Houston, Texas.
- 1977 - The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is admitted to the United Nations
- 1979 - Lee Iacocca is elected president of the Chrysler Corporation.
- 1979 - A coup d'état in the Central African Empire overthrows Emperor Bokasa I.
- 1979 - The Punjab wing of the Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist-Leninist) formally splits and constitutes a parallel UCCRI(ML).
- 1979 - Assassination of French left-wing militant Pierre Goldman.
- 1984 - A suicide bomber in a car attacks the U.S. embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, killing twenty-two people.
- 1984 - The popular American sitcoms The Cosby Show and Who's The Boss? premiere on NBC and ABC respectively.
- 1990 - South Ossetia declares its independence from Georgia.
- 1992 - National Football League: Brett Favre, quarterback of the Green Bay Packers, begins his most consecutive starts streak for a quarterback in the NFL.
- 1998 - Major League Baseball: Cal Ripken, Jr of the Baltimore Orioles takes a day off after playing a record 2,632 consecutive games.
- 2000 - The British MI6 Secret Intelligence Service building was attacked by a Russian-built Mark 22 anti-tank missile
- 2001 - In an address to a joint session of Congress and the American People president George W. Bush declares "war on terror".
- 2002 - Kolka-Karmadon rock/ice slide started.
- 2003 - A referendum is held in Latvia to decide the country's accession to the European Union.
- 2003 - Maldives civil unrest: the death of prisoner Hassan Evan Naseem sparks a day of rioting in Malé.
Births
- 1486 - Arthur, Prince of Wales, son of King Henry VII of England (d. 1502)
- 1599 - Christian the Younger, German Protestant military leader (d. 1623)
- 1744 - Thomas Grosvenor, American Revolutionary War hero (d. 1825)
- 1778 - Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, Russian naval officer and explorer (d. 1852)
- 1833 - Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Italian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1918)
- 1842 - James Dewar, Scottish chemist (d. 1923)
- 1844 - William H. Illingworth, American photographer (d. 1893)
- 1853 - Rama V, King of Thailand (d. 1910)
- 1861 - Herbert Putnam, Librarian of Congress (d. 1955)
- 1872 - Maurice Gamelin, French army general (d. 1958)
- 1873 - Sidney Olcott, Canadian film director (d. 1949)
- 1873 - Ferenc Szisz, Hungarian race car driver (d. 1944)
- 1878 - Upton Sinclair, American writer (d. 1968)
- 1880 - Louise Peete, American murderess (d. 1947)
- 1884 - Maxwell Perkins, American editor and publisher (d. 1947)
- 1886 - Charles Williams, British author (d. 1945)
- 1889 - Charles Reidpath, American athlete (d. 1975)
- 1899 - Leo Strauss, German-born philosopher (d. 1973)
- 1902 - Stevie Smith, British poet (d. 1971)
- 1911 - Shriram Sharma Acharya, Indian spiritual leader (d. 1991)
- 1914 - Kenneth More, English actor (d. 1982)
- 1917 - Red Auerbach, American basketball coach (d. 2006)
- 1917 - Fernando Rey, Spanish-born actor (d. 1994)
- 1920 - Jay Ward, American animated cartoonist (d. 1989)
- 1920 - Alberto de Lacerda, Portuguese poet (d. 2007)
- 1922 - William Kapell, American pianist (d. 1953)
- 1923 - Geraldine Clinton Little, Irish-born poet (d. 1997)
- 1924 - Gogi Grant, American singer
- 1925 - Ananda Mahidol, King of Thailand (d. 1946)
- 1925 - Bobby Nunn, American singer (The Coasters) (d. 1986)
- 1926 - Donald Hall, American poet and US Poet Laureate
- 1927 - Johnny Dankworth, English musician and composer
- 1927 - Rachel Roberts, English actress (d. 1980)
- 1928 - Joyce Brothers, American psychologist and advice columnist
- 1928 - Kirsten Rolffes, Danish actress (d. 2000)
- 1929 - Anne Meara, American comic and actress
- 1933 - Dennis Viollet, English former footballer (d. 1999)
- 1934 - Sophia Loren, Italian actress
- 1935 - Jim Taylor, National Football League player
- 1935 - Keith Roberts, British science fiction author (d. 2000)
- 1937 - Birgitta Dahl, Swedish politician
- 1937 - Monica Zetterlund, Swedish actress and singer (d. 2005)
- 1939 - Robert L. Gerry III, American businessman
- 1941 - Dale Chihuly, American glass artist
- 1942 - Gérald Tremblay, Québec politician
- 1947 - Mia Martini, Italian singer (d. 1995)
- 1947 - Bruce Pasternack, American CEO
- 1948 - George R. R. Martin, American writer
- 1948 - Chuck Panozzo and John Panozzo (d. 1996), American musicians (Styx)
- 1949 - John W. Henry, American MLB team owner
- 1951 - Guy Lafleur, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1951 - Javier Marías, Spanish novelist
- 1954 - Henry Samueli, American NHL team owner
- 1956 - Gary Cole, American actor
- 1959 - Danny Devos, Belgian artist
- 1961 - Lisa Bloom, American lawyer and television personality
- 1964 - Maggie Cheung, Hong Kong actress
- 1965 - Robert Rusler, American actor
- 1966 - Nuno Bettencourt, Portuguese rock musician
- 1967 - Kristen Johnston, American actress
- 1967 - Gunnar and Matthew Nelson, American musicians (Nelson)
- 1968 - Leah Pinsent, Canadian actress
- 1968 - Darrell Russell, American race car driver (d. 2004)
- 1969 - Victoria Dillard, American actress
- 1971 - Henrik Larsson, Swedish footballer
- 1971 - Masashi Hamauzu, Japanese composer
- 1974 - Michael Waddington, American defense lawyer
- 1975 - Asia Argento, Italian actress
- 1975 - Juan Pablo Montoya, Colombian race car driver
- 1976 - Reuben Singh, British entrepreneur
- 1976 - Yui Horie, Japanese seiyuu
- 1977 - Namie Amuro, Japanese pop singer
- 1978 - Jason Bay, Canadian baseball player
- 1978 - Sarit Hadad, Israeli singer
- 1978 - T.J. Tucker, American baseball player
- 1979 - Sean Davis, English footballer
- 1980 - Mariacarla Boscono, Italian fashion model
- 1980 - Jonathan Le Billon, British actor
- 1980 - Vladimir Karpets, Russian cyclist
- 1980 - Luke Munns, Australian singer / songwriter
- 1981 - Joanie Dodds, America's Next Top Model contestant
- 1981 - Feliciano López, Spanish tennis player
- 1983 - Yuna Ito, Japanese singer and actress
- 1990 - John Tavares, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1990 - Marilou, Quebec pop singer
- 1991 - Spencer Locke, American actress
- 1995 - Sammi Hanratty, American actress
Deaths
- 1246 - Mikhail of Chernigov, ruler of Kiev
- 1384 - King Louis I of Naples (b. 1339)
- 1460 - Gilles Binchois, Flemish composer
- 1586 - Chidiock Tichborne, English conspirator and poet (executed) (b. 1558)
- 1590 - Lodovico Agostini, Italian composer (b. 1534)
- 1625 - Heinrich Meibom, German historian and critic (b. 1555)
- 1627 - Jan Gruter, Dutch critic (b. 1560)
- 1630 - Claudio Saracini, Italian composer (b. 1586)
- 1639 - Johannes Meursius, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1579)
- 1643 - Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount Falkland, English politician and writer
- 1721 - Thomas Doggett, Irish actor
- 1803 - Robert Emmet, Irish patriot (b. 1780)
- 1815 - Nicolas Desmarest, French geologist (b. 1725)
- 1852 - Philander Chase, American university founder (b. 1775)
- 1863 - Jacob Grimm, German folklorist (b. 1785)
- 1884 - Leopold Fitzinger, Austrian zoologist (b.1802)
- 1898 - Theodor Fontane, German writer (b. 1819)
- 1906 - Robert R. Hitt, American politician (b. 1834)
- 1908 - Pablo de Sarasate, Spanish violinist and composer (b. 1844)
- 1932 - Wovoka, Paiute visionary
- 1933 - Annie Besant, women's rights activist (b. 1847)
- 1939 - Paul Bruchési, French Canadian Catholic archbishop of Montreal (b. 1855)
- 1945 - William Buehler Seabrook, Writer, journalist, occultist and explorer (b. 1884)
- 1945 - Eduard Wirths, Nazi physician at Auschwitz concentration camp (b. 1909)
- 1946 - Raimu, French actor (b. 1883)
- 1947 - Fiorello LaGuardia, Mayor of New York City (b. 1882)
- 1957 - Jean Sibelius, Finnish composer (b. 1865)
- 1971 - Giorgos Seferis, Greek poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900)
- 1973 - Jim Croce, American singer and songwriter (b. 1943)
- 1975 - Saint-John Perse, French diplomat and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)
- 1979 - Ludvík Svoboda, President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1895)
- 1980 - Sanpei Hayashiya, Japanese comedian (b. 1925)
- 1989 - Richie Ginther, American racing driver (b. 1930)
- 1993 - Erich Hartmann, German pilot (b. 1922)
- 1994 - Jule Styne, American songwriter (b. 1905)
- 1994 - Abioseh Nicol, Sierra Leonean diplomat and noted author (b. 1924)
- 1996 - Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1913)
- 1999 - Raisa Gorbachyova, wife of Mikhail Gorbachev (b. 1932)
- 1999 - Robert Lebel, Quebec ice hockey administrator (b. 1905)
- 2000 - Gherman Titov, cosmonaut (b. 1935)
- 2003 - Lord Williams of Mostyn, British politician (b. 1941)
- 2003 - Gordon Mitchell, American actor (b. 1923)
- 2003 - Simon Muzenda, Zimbabwe politician (b. 1922)
- 2004 - Brian Clough, English footballer and football manager (b. 1935)
- 2004 - Townsend Hoopes, American politician (b. 1922)
- 2005 - Simon Wiesenthal, Austrian-Polish Nazi hunter (b. 1908)
- 2006 - Armin Jordan, Swiss conductor (b. 1932)
- 2006 - John W. Peterson, American songwriter (b. 1921)
Notes
- Johannes Meursius
- Raymond Borde
- Sophia Loren
- Sylvester James
- Andrzej Munk
- Desire Unbound
- Jeanloup Sieff
- Joseph Breitbach
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