Role
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| - | :''[[manner]], [[well-mannered]]'' | ||
| - | In [[sociology]], '''manners''' are the unenforced standards of conduct which show the actor to be [[culture]]d, [[polite]], and refined. They are like [[law]]s in that they codify or set a standard for human behavior, but they are unlike laws in that there is no formal system for punishing transgressions. They are a kind of [[norm]]. What is considered "mannerly" is highly susceptible to change with time, geographical location, social stratum, occasion, and other factors. That manners matter is evidenced by the fact that large books have been written on the subject, [[advice column]]s frequently deal with questions of mannerly behavior, and that schools have existed for the sole purpose of teaching manners. | ||
| - | A [[lady]] is a term frequently used for a woman who follows proper manners; the term [[gentleman]] is used as a male counterpart; though these terms are also often used for members of a particular [[social class]]. | + | A '''role''' (sometimes spelled '''rôle''' as in [[French language|French]]) or a '''social role''' is a set of connected [[behavior]]s, [[right]]s and [[obligation]]s as conceptualized by actors in a social situation. It is an expected or free or continously changing behavior and may have a given individual [[social status]] or [[social position]]. It is vital to both [[Functionalism (sociology)|functionalist]] and [[interactionism|interactionist]] understandings of society. |
| + | Social role posits the following about social behavior: | ||
| + | # The division of labor in society takes the form of the interaction among heterogeneous specialized [[positions]], we call [[roles]]. | ||
| + | # Social roles included appropriate and permitted forms of behavior, guided by social [[norms]], which are commonly known and hence determine the [[expectations]] for appropriate behavior in these roles. | ||
| + | # Roles are occupied by individuals, who are called [[actors]]. | ||
| + | # When individuals approve of a social role (i.e., they consider the role [[legitimate]] and [[constructive]], they will incur costs to conform to role norms, and will also incur costs to punish those who violate role norms. | ||
| + | # Changed conditions can render a social role outdated or illegitimate, in which case social pressures are likely to lead to role change. | ||
| + | # The anticipation of [[rewards]] and [[punishment]]s, as well as the satisfaction of behaving prosocially, account for why agents conform to role requirmeets. | ||
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| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | * [[Social graces]] | + | *[[Gender role]] |
| - | * [[Table manners]] | + | *[[Social status]] |
| - | * [[Intercultural competence]] | + | *[[Transactional analysis]] |
| - | * [[Dharma]] | + | *[[Stereotypes]] |
| - | * [[Ethics]] | + | *[[Social position]] |
| - | * [[Etiquette]] | + | *[[Conflict theory]] |
| - | * [[Morality]] | + | |
| - | * [[Politeness]] | + | |
| - | * [[Social role]] | + | |
| - | * [[Social class]] | + | |
| - | * [[Taboo]] | + | |
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
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A role (sometimes spelled rôle as in French) or a social role is a set of connected behaviors, rights and obligations as conceptualized by actors in a social situation. It is an expected or free or continously changing behavior and may have a given individual social status or social position. It is vital to both functionalist and interactionist understandings of society. Social role posits the following about social behavior:
- The division of labor in society takes the form of the interaction among heterogeneous specialized positions, we call roles.
- Social roles included appropriate and permitted forms of behavior, guided by social norms, which are commonly known and hence determine the expectations for appropriate behavior in these roles.
- Roles are occupied by individuals, who are called actors.
- When individuals approve of a social role (i.e., they consider the role legitimate and constructive, they will incur costs to conform to role norms, and will also incur costs to punish those who violate role norms.
- Changed conditions can render a social role outdated or illegitimate, in which case social pressures are likely to lead to role change.
- The anticipation of rewards and punishments, as well as the satisfaction of behaving prosocially, account for why agents conform to role requirmeets.
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Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Role" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
