Regular army
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| - | A '''civil war''', also known as an '''intrastate war''' in [[polemology]], is a [[war]] between organized groups within the same [[Sovereign state|state]] or [[country]]. | + | A '''regular army''' is the official army of a state or country (the official [[armed forces]]), contrasting with [[irregulars|irregular forces]], such as volunteer irregular militias, private armies, [[mercenary|mercenaries]], etc. A regular army usually has the following: |
| - | The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region or to change government policies. | + | * a [[standing army]], the permanent force of the regular army that is maintained [[under arms]] during peacetime. |
| + | * a [[military reserve force]] that can be mobilized when needed to expand the effectiveness of the regular army by complementing the standing army. | ||
| - | The term is a [[calque]] of the Latin ''[[:wikt:bellum civile|bellum civile]]'' which was used to refer to the various [[Roman civil wars|civil wars of the Roman Republic]] in the 1st century BC. | + | A regular army may be: |
| + | * a ''conscript army'', including professionals, volunteers and also [[conscript]]s (presence of enforced [[conscription]], including recruits for the standing army and also a compulsory reserve). | ||
| + | * a ''professional army'', with no conscripts (absence of compulsory service, and presence of a voluntary reserve), is not exactly the same as a standing army, as there are standing armies both in the conscript and the professional models. | ||
| - | A civil war is a high-intensity conflict, often involving [[Regular army|regular armed forces]], that is sustained, organized and large-scale. Civil wars may result in large numbers of [[casualty (person)|casualties]] and the consumption of significant resources. Most modern civil wars involve intervention by outside powers. According to [[Patrick M. Regan]] in his book ''Civil Wars and Foreign Powers'' (2000) about two thirds of the 138 intrastate conflicts between the end of [[World War II]] and 2000 saw international intervention, with the United States intervening in 35 of these conflicts. | + | In the United Kingdom and the United States, the term ''Regular Army'' means the professional standing active duty army, as different from the reserve component: the [[Army Reserve (United Kingdom)|Army Reserve]] (formerly the [[Territorial Army (United Kingdom)|Territorial Army]]) in the United Kingdom and the [[U.S. Army Reserve]] and the [[Army National Guard]] in the United States. |
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| - | Civil wars since the end of World War II have lasted on average just over four years, a dramatic rise from the one-and-a-half-year average of the 1900–1944 period. While the rate of emergence of new civil wars has been relatively steady since the mid-19th century, the increasing length of those wars has resulted in increasing numbers of wars ongoing at any one time. For example, there were no more than five civil wars underway simultaneously in the first half of the 20th century while there were over 20 concurrent civil wars close to the end of the [[Cold War]]. Since 1945, civil wars have resulted in the deaths of over 25 million people, as well as the [[forced migration|forced displacement]] of millions more. Civil wars have further resulted in economic collapse; [[Somalia]], [[Burma]] (Myanmar), [[Uganda]] and [[Angola]] are examples of nations that were considered to have had promising futures before being engulfed in civil wars. | + | |
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| - | == See also == | + | |
| - | * [[War of Independence (disambiguation)]] | + | |
| - | * [[Wars of national liberation]] | + | |
| - | * [[List of civil wars]] | + | |
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A regular army is the official army of a state or country (the official armed forces), contrasting with irregular forces, such as volunteer irregular militias, private armies, mercenaries, etc. A regular army usually has the following:
- a standing army, the permanent force of the regular army that is maintained under arms during peacetime.
- a military reserve force that can be mobilized when needed to expand the effectiveness of the regular army by complementing the standing army.
A regular army may be:
- a conscript army, including professionals, volunteers and also conscripts (presence of enforced conscription, including recruits for the standing army and also a compulsory reserve).
- a professional army, with no conscripts (absence of compulsory service, and presence of a voluntary reserve), is not exactly the same as a standing army, as there are standing armies both in the conscript and the professional models.
In the United Kingdom and the United States, the term Regular Army means the professional standing active duty army, as different from the reserve component: the Army Reserve (formerly the Territorial Army) in the United Kingdom and the U.S. Army Reserve and the Army National Guard in the United States.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Regular army" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
