Redlining
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| - | During its [[Red Scare#Second Red Scare|Second Red Scare]] (1947-1957) a distinct set of domestic policies and [[traditional family|traditional]] [[social mores]] came to dominate [[popular culture]] and interpersonal relations in the [[United States of America]]. | ||
| - | ==The Post–World War II "baby boom"== | + | In the United States and Canada, '''redlining''' is the systematic denial of various services to residents of specific, often racially associated, neighborhoods or communities, either directly or through the selective raising of prices. |
| - | In the aftermath of [[World War II]] the [[birth rate]] spiked in the United States as millions of young men were discharged from the [[Armed Forces of the United States|armed forces]] and began to establish new households. This "[[baby boom]]" significantly increased the number of families in the United States. | + | == See also == |
| - | + | * [[Black flight]] | |
| - | Traditional explanations for the rise of this postwar family ideal focus on economic means: The [[GI bill]] increased soldiers' access to college education, greatly expanding college enrollment. In 1947, veterans accounted for 49 percent of college admissions. The bill also increased access to low-interest home loans contributing to a large increase in home ownership: from 1944–1952, the [[Veterans Administration]] “supported nearly 2.4 million home loans for World War II veterans.” | + | * [[Computer-assisted reporting]] |
| - | + | * [[Cream skimming]] | |
| - | However, closer examination shows that many people were left out of this new economic prosperity. Minorities who did not fit the ideal (including racial minorities, feminists, and homosexuals) were suppressed, unable to assert autonomy, and therefore contained. | + | * [[Greenlining Institute]] |
| - | + | * [[Housing segregation]] | |
| - | African American men were eligible for [[GI Bill]]’s provisions, home loans, but many were prevented from buying houses in suburban areas because of [[redlining]] and other segregation techniques. | + | * [[Inclusionary zoning]] |
| - | + | * [[Price discrimination]] | |
| - | Other members of society who were excluded from the postwar ideal of middle-class employment and home ownership included, among others, women and Asians. Women who had worked in factories to support the economy during World War II were pressured to leave the workforce and become housewives. Japanese people released from the World War II internment camps returned home to find their property confiscated. | + | * [[Racial steering]] |
| - | + | * [[Sundown town]] | |
| - | ==Aspects of post-war social policy== | + | * [[Timeline of racial tension in Omaha, Nebraska]] |
| - | {{cleanup|reason=this is just ethnography, which says nothing about government policy|date=June 2016}} | + | * [[Urban renewal]] |
| - | *'''Sexuality:''' White women were contained to fit a feminine, yet not overtly sexual image. Tight clothes were prescribed for women, including the [[bikini]], named after the [[Bikini Atoll]] in the Pacific Ocean, site of nuclear weapon testing.Additionally, homosexuals were viewed as amoral and a security risk by virtue of their manipulability through [[blackmail]]. | + | * [[White flight]] |
| - | *'''Education and employment:''' White women were discouraged from pursuing higher education and careers. Black women, on the other hand, continued to be confined to low-paying jobs, such as domestic servants who worked for white families. White women often actively contained their black servants by acting like matriarchs over them. | + | |
| - | *'''Space:''' The suburbs were the ideal home location. The woman’s domain was the kitchen. | + | |
| - | *'''Pop culture:''' Television encouraged the promotion of the [[patriarchal]] ideal through family shows like ''[[Father Knows Best]]''. | + | |
| - | *'''Children's Gender Roles: '''[[Sociologists]] such as Dr. [[Benjamin Spock]] encouraged girls to play with dolls and emulate their mothers. They also promoted the preparation of boys for manhood by encouraging them to play with toy vehicles and role-play policemen or firemen. | + | |
| - | *'''Religion:''' Regular church attendance was encouraged. [[Christianity]] and to a lesser extent [[Judaism]] predominated American society. [[Atheism]] was discouraged since Communism opposed religion, and Atheists were stereotyped in the media as amoral and cynical. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ==See also== | + | |
| - | * [[McCarthyism]] | + | |
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In the United States and Canada, redlining is the systematic denial of various services to residents of specific, often racially associated, neighborhoods or communities, either directly or through the selective raising of prices.
[edit]
See also
- Black flight
- Computer-assisted reporting
- Cream skimming
- Greenlining Institute
- Housing segregation
- Inclusionary zoning
- Price discrimination
- Racial steering
- Sundown town
- Timeline of racial tension in Omaha, Nebraska
- Urban renewal
- White flight
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Redlining" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
