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-An experiment that used rats to create a "[[brain-to-brain interface]]" shows that instructions can be transferred between animals via electronic signals and the Internet, according to scientists who studied how [[rats can use brain implants to share problem-solving information]]. 
-The research could be used to create "novel types of social interaction and for biological computing devices," lead scientist Miguel Nicolelis of Duke University writes in his summary of the study, published in Scientific Reports. 
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-In the study, researchers trained rats to perform simple tasks to receive a reward based on either visual or physical stimuli. Scientists then implanted microelectrodes in the brains of the animals, which were split into "encoder" and "decoder" groups. 
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-In one experiment, rats were shown a single light that indicated which of two levers to press for a drink of water. When it performed the task, signals were sent to another rat's brain in an identical cage, where the animal was shown two lights and two levers. The "decoding" rats were able to make the right choice more than 60 percent of the time. 
'''Rats''' are various medium-sized, long-tailed [[rodent]]s of the [[Family (biology)|superfamily]] [[Muroidea]]. "True rats" are members of the genus ''Rattus'', the most important of which to humans are the [[black rat]], ''Rattus rattus'', and the [[brown rat]], ''Rattus norvegicus''. Many members of other rodent genera and families are also referred to as rats, and share many characteristics with true rats. '''Rats''' are various medium-sized, long-tailed [[rodent]]s of the [[Family (biology)|superfamily]] [[Muroidea]]. "True rats" are members of the genus ''Rattus'', the most important of which to humans are the [[black rat]], ''Rattus rattus'', and the [[brown rat]], ''Rattus norvegicus''. Many members of other rodent genera and families are also referred to as rats, and share many characteristics with true rats.
-Rats are typically distinguished from [[mouse|mice]] by their size; rats are generally large [[muroid]] rodents, while mice are generally small muroid rodents. The muroid family is very large and complex, and the common terms ''rat'' and ''mouse'' are not [[taxonomy|taxonomically]] specific. Generally, when someone discovers a large muroid, its [[common name]] includes the term ''rat'', while if it is small, the name includes the term ''mouse''. Scientifically, the terms are not confined to members of the ''Rattus'' and ''[[Mus (genus)|Mus]]'' genera, for example, the [[pack rat]] and [[cotton mouse]].+==As subjects for scientific research==
 +:''[[Laboratory rat]]
 +In 1895, [[Clark University]] in [[Worcester, Massachusetts]] (United States) established a population of domestic albino brown rats to study the effects of diet and for other physiological studies. Over the years, rats have been used in many experimental studies, which have added to our understanding of [[genetics]], [[disease]]s, the effects of [[drug]]s, and other topics that have provided a great benefit for the [[health]] and well-being of humankind. Laboratory rats have also proved valuable in psychological studies of learning and other mental processes (Barnett, 2002), as well as to understand [[group behavior]] and overcrowding (with the work of [[John B. Calhoun]] on [[behavioral sink]]). A 2007 study found rats to possess [[metacognition]], a mental ability previously only documented in humans and some primates.
==See also== ==See also==
 +* [[Brain stimulation reward ]]
* [[East Timor giant rat]] * [[East Timor giant rat]]
* [[List of fictional mice and rats]] * [[List of fictional mice and rats]]

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Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents of the superfamily Muroidea. "True rats" are members of the genus Rattus, the most important of which to humans are the black rat, Rattus rattus, and the brown rat, Rattus norvegicus. Many members of other rodent genera and families are also referred to as rats, and share many characteristics with true rats.

As subjects for scientific research

Laboratory rat

In 1895, Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts (United States) established a population of domestic albino brown rats to study the effects of diet and for other physiological studies. Over the years, rats have been used in many experimental studies, which have added to our understanding of genetics, diseases, the effects of drugs, and other topics that have provided a great benefit for the health and well-being of humankind. Laboratory rats have also proved valuable in psychological studies of learning and other mental processes (Barnett, 2002), as well as to understand group behavior and overcrowding (with the work of John B. Calhoun on behavioral sink). A 2007 study found rats to possess metacognition, a mental ability previously only documented in humans and some primates.

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Rat" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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