Rage (emotion)
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| + | [[Image:George Bellows, Dempsey and Firpo (1924).jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Dempsey and Firpo'' ([[1924]]) by [[George Bellows]]]] | ||
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| - | '''Stoic Passions''' refers to various forms of emotional suffering in [[Stoicism]], a school of Hellenistic philosophy. | ||
| - | ==Primary Passions== | + | In [[psychiatry]], '''rage''' is a [[mental state]] that is one extreme of the intensity spectrum of [[anger]]. When a person experiences rage it usually lasts until a threat is removed or the person under rage is incapacitated. The other end of the spectrum is [[annoyance]] (DiGiuseppe & Tafrate, 2006). Psycho-pathological problems such as depression increase the chances of experiencing feelings of rage (Painuly et al., 2005). |
| - | + | ==See also== | |
| - | The [[Stoicism|Stoics]] named four primary passions. In ''On Passions'', [[Andronicus of Rhodes|Andronicus]] reported the Stoic definitions of these passions (trans. Long & Sedley, pg. 411, modified): | + | *[[Abuse]] |
| - | + | *[[Achilles]] | |
| - | ; '''Distress''' : [[Stress (medicine)|Distress]] is an [[Irrationality|irrational]] contraction, or a fresh [[opinion]] that something bad is present, at which people think it right to be [[Depression (mood)|depressed]]. | + | *[[Berserker]] |
| - | ; '''Fear''' : [[Fear]] is an irrational [[Risk aversion|aversion]], or avoidance of an expected [[Risk|danger]]. | + | *[[Lawsuit]] |
| - | ; '''Lust''' : [[Lust]] is an irrational desire, or pursuit of an expected [[Goodness and value theory|good]]. | + | *[[Narcissistic rage]] |
| - | ; '''Delight''' : Delight is an irrational swelling, or a fresh opinion that something good is present, at which people think it right to be [[Mania|elated]]. | + | *[[Running amok]] |
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| - | ==Subdivisions== | + | |
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| - | Numerous subdivisions of the same class are brought under the head of the separate passions. The definitions are those of the translation of Cicero's ''Tusculan Disputations'' by J. E. King. | + | |
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| - | ===Distress=== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ; Envy : [[Envy]] is distress incurred by reason of a [[neighbor]]'s prosperity. | + | |
| - | ; Rivalry : Rivalry is distress, should another be in possession of the object desired and one has to go without it oneself. | + | |
| - | ; Jealousy : [[Jealousy]] is distress arising from the fact that the thing one has coveted oneself is in the possession of the other man as well as one's own. | + | |
| - | ; Compassion : [[Compassion]] is distress arising from the wretchedness of a neighbor in undeserved suffering. | + | |
| - | ; Anxiety : [[Anxiety]] is oppressive distress. | + | |
| - | ; Mourning : [[Mourning]] is distress arising from the untimely death of a beloved object. | + | |
| - | ; Sadness : [[Sadness]] is tearful distress. | + | |
| - | ; Troubling : Troubling is burdensome distress. | + | |
| - | ; Grief : [[Grief]] is torturing distress. | + | |
| - | ; Lamenting : Distress accompanied by wailing. | + | |
| - | ; Depression : [[Depression (mood)|Depression]] is distress accompanied by brooding. | + | |
| - | ; Vexation : Vexation is lasting distress. | + | |
| - | ; Despondency : Despondency is distress without any prospect of amelioration. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ===Fear=== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ; Sluggishness : Sluggishness is fear of ensuing toil. | + | |
| - | ; Shame : [[Shame]] is fear causing diffusion of blood. | + | |
| - | ; Fright : [[Fright]] is paralyzing fear which causes paleness, trembling and chattering of teeth. | + | |
| - | ; Timidity : [[Timidity]] is fear of approaching [[evil]]. | + | |
| - | ; Consternation : Consternation is fear upsetting the [[mind|mental]] balance. | + | |
| - | ; Pusillanimity : Pusillanimity is fear following on the heels of fright like an attendant. | + | |
| - | ; Bewilderment : Bewilderment is fear paralyzing [[thought]]. | + | |
| - | ; Faintheartedness : Faintheartedness is lasting fear. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ===Lust=== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ; Anger : [[Anger]] is lust of punishing the man who is thought to have inflicted an undeserved [[injury]]. | + | |
| - | ; Rage : [[Rage (emotion)|Rage]] is anger springing up and suddenly showing itself. | + | |
| - | ; Hatred : [[Hate|Hatred]] is inveterate anger. | + | |
| - | ; Enmity : [[Enmity]] is anger watching as opportunity for [[revenge]]. | + | |
| - | ; Wrath : [[Wrath]] is anger of greater bitterness conceived in the innermost heart and [[soul]]. | + | |
| - | ; Greed : [[Greed]] is insatiable lust. | + | |
| - | ; Longing : Longing is lust of beholding someone who is not present. | + | |
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| - | ===Delight=== | + | |
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| - | ; Malice : [[Malice]] is [[pleasure]] derived from a neighbor's evil which brings no advantage to oneself. | + | |
| - | ; Rapture : [[Rapture]] is pleasure soothing the soul by [[charm]] of the sense of [[Hearing (sense)|hearing]]. | + | |
| - | ; Ostentation : Ostentation is pleasure shown in outward demeanor and puffing oneself out extravagantly. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ==References== | + | |
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| - | *Andronicus, "On Passions I," ''Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta'', 3.391. trans. Hans von Arnim. 1903-1905. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | *Cicero, Marcus Tullius (1945 c.1927). ''Cicero : Tusculan Disputations'' (Loeb Classical Library, No. 141) 2nd Ed. trans. by J. E. King. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP. | + | |
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| - | *Long, A. A., Sedley, D. N. (1987). ''The Hellenistic Philosophers: vol. 1. translations of the principle sources with philosophical commentary''. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. | + | |
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In psychiatry, rage is a mental state that is one extreme of the intensity spectrum of anger. When a person experiences rage it usually lasts until a threat is removed or the person under rage is incapacitated. The other end of the spectrum is annoyance (DiGiuseppe & Tafrate, 2006). Psycho-pathological problems such as depression increase the chances of experiencing feelings of rage (Painuly et al., 2005).
See also
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