Proto-Surrealism  

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-[[Image:Reverse Side Of a Painting.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Reverse Side Of a Painting]]'' (1670) by [[Cornelis Norbertus Gysbrechts]]]] +[[Image:The Winter (1563) by Arcimboldo in the Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien.jpg |thumb|left|200px|''[[The Winter]]'' (1563) by [[Giuseppe Arcimboldo|Arcimboldo]]]][[Image:Reverse Side Of a Painting.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Reverse Side Of a Painting]]'' (1670) by [[Cornelis Norbertus Gysbrechts]]]]
[[Image:Un autre monde by Grandville.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Interplanetary Bridge]], [[Surrealism avant la lettre]] from ''[[Un autre monde]]'' ([[1844]]) by [[Grandville]]]] [[Image:Un autre monde by Grandville.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Interplanetary Bridge]], [[Surrealism avant la lettre]] from ''[[Un autre monde]]'' ([[1844]]) by [[Grandville]]]]
[[Image:Bracelli.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|From the ''[[Bizzarie di varie figure]]'' ([[1624]]) by [[Giovanni Battista Braccelli]]]] [[Image:Bracelli.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|From the ''[[Bizzarie di varie figure]]'' ([[1624]]) by [[Giovanni Battista Braccelli]]]]
 +[[Image:The red splodge representing the reign of Ivan the Terrible in Gustave Doré's 'The History of Holy Russia'.jpg |thumb|right|200px|[[The red splodge representing the reign of Ivan the Terrible in Gustave Doré's 'The History of Holy Russia']]]]
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-:http://jahsonic.wordpress.com/2007/02/23/surrealism-avant-la-lettre/ 
-:''[[What is Surrealism?]]'', a [[1934]] lecture by [[André Breton]]. 
-'''Proto-Surrealism''' is a term used for [[Surrealism]] [[avant-la-lettre]]. Since the terms ''surrealism'' and ''surreal'' were coined only c. 1917, the surreal sensibility before that time was best described by the French term [[fantastique]].  
-Thought of as the effort of humanity to liberate imagination as an act of insurrection against society, Surrealism finds precedents in the [[alchemy|alchemists]], possibly [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]], [[Hieronymus Bosch]], [[Donatien Alphonse Francois de Sade|Marquis de Sade]], [[Charles Fourier]], [[Comte de Lautreamont]] and [[Arthur Rimbaud]]. +'''Proto-Surrealism''' is a term used for [[Surrealism]] [[avant-la-lettre]]. Since the terms ''surrealism'' and ''surreal'' were coined only c. 1917, the surreal sensibility before that time was best described by the French term ''[[fantastique]]'', which includes [[fantastic art]].
 + 
 +Thought of as the effort of humanity to liberate imagination as an act of insurrection against society, Surrealism finds precedents in the [[alchemy|alchemists]], possibly [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]], [[Hieronymus Bosch]], [[Donatien Alphonse Francois de Sade|Marquis de Sade]], [[Charles Fourier]], [[Comte de Lautréamont]] and [[Arthur Rimbaud]].
The immediate predecessor was [[Dada]]: collaborators included [[Hugo Ball]] (German actor and playwright); [[Jean Arp]] (Alsatian artist); [[Tristan Tzara]] (Rumanian poet); [[Marcel Janco]] (Rumanian artist); and [[Richard Huelsenbeck]] (a German poet). The immediate predecessor was [[Dada]]: collaborators included [[Hugo Ball]] (German actor and playwright); [[Jean Arp]] (Alsatian artist); [[Tristan Tzara]] (Rumanian poet); [[Marcel Janco]] (Rumanian artist); and [[Richard Huelsenbeck]] (a German poet).
-Earlier examples include [[Bracelli]] and [[Lucian]] in the literary sphere. +Earlier examples include the Italian engraver [[Giovanni Battista Braccelli]] in the visual and [[Lucian]] in the literary field.
-== List of proto-surrealists ==+
-:''Quoted from the first [[Surrealist Manifesto]] by [[André Breton]]''+
-*[[Edward Young|Young]]'s ''[[Night Thoughts|Nights]]'' are Surrealist from one end to the other; unfortunately it is a [[priest]] who is speaking, a bad priest no doubt, but a priest nonetheless.+In "[[What is Surrealism?]]" (1934), [[André Breton]] mentions a list of proto-Surrealists.
-*[[Swift]] is Surrealist in malice,+
-*[[Sade]] is Surrealist in sadism.+
-*[[Chateaubriand]] is Surrealist in exoticism.+
-*[[Benjamin Constant|Constant]] is Surrealist in politics.+
-*[[Hugo]] is Surrealist when he isn't stupid.+
-*[[Desbordes-Valmore]] is Surrealist in love.+
-*[[Aloysius Bertrand|Bertrand]] is Surrealist in the past.+
-*[[Rabbe]] is Surrealist in death. +
-*[[Poe]] is Surrealist in adventure.+
-*[[Baudelaire]] is Surrealist in morality.+
-*[[Rimbaud]] is Surrealist in the way he lived, and elsewhere.+
-*[[Mallarmé]] is Surrealist when he is confiding.+
-*[[Jarry]] is Surrealist in absinthe.+
-*[[Nouveau]] is Surrealist in the kiss.+
-*[[Saint-Pol-Roux]] is Surrealist in his use of symbols. +
-*[[Fargue]] is Surrealist in the atmosphere.+
-*[[Vaché]] is Surrealist in me.+
-*[[Reverdy]] is Surrealist at home.+
-*[[Saint-Jean-Perse]] is Surrealist at a distance.+
-*[[Roussel]] is Surrealist as a storyteller.+
 +== See also ==
 +*[[Proto-]]
 +*[[Proto-Dada]]
 +*''[[Quatre siècles de Surréalisme]]'' (1973) by Pierre Belfond
 +*[[Surrealist_Manifesto#List_of_proto-surrealists]]
 +*[[Erutarettil ]]
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}

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Proto-Surrealism is a term used for Surrealism avant-la-lettre. Since the terms surrealism and surreal were coined only c. 1917, the surreal sensibility before that time was best described by the French term fantastique, which includes fantastic art.

Thought of as the effort of humanity to liberate imagination as an act of insurrection against society, Surrealism finds precedents in the alchemists, possibly Dante, Hieronymus Bosch, Marquis de Sade, Charles Fourier, Comte de Lautréamont and Arthur Rimbaud.

The immediate predecessor was Dada: collaborators included Hugo Ball (German actor and playwright); Jean Arp (Alsatian artist); Tristan Tzara (Rumanian poet); Marcel Janco (Rumanian artist); and Richard Huelsenbeck (a German poet).

Earlier examples include the Italian engraver Giovanni Battista Braccelli in the visual and Lucian in the literary field.

In "What is Surrealism?" (1934), André Breton mentions a list of proto-Surrealists.

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Proto-Surrealism" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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