Prize of war
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| - | '''Might makes right''' is an [[aphorism]] with several potential meanings (in order of increasing complexity): | + | [[File:Chinese pirate spear hmsL4.jpg|300px|right|thumb|A Chinese spear taken as a prize from pirates during the [[Irene Incident]] in 1927 by sailors of the British submarine {{HMS|L4}}.]] |
| - | * In [[English language|English]], the phrase is most often used in negative assessments of expressions of power. | + | A '''prize of war''' is a piece of enemy property or land seized by a belligerent party during or after a war or battle, typically at sea. This term was used nearly exclusively in terms of captured ships during the 18th and 19th centuries. |
| - | * The second related idea associated with the phrase connotes that a society's view of [[Right (ethics)|right]] and [[wrong]] is determined, like its perspective on history, by those currently in power. | + | |
| - | * The term can be used in the [[descriptive]], rather than [[prescriptive]] way, in the same sense that people say that "[[History is written by the victors]]." Since every person labels what he/she thinks is good for himself/herself as "right," only those who are able to defeat their enemies are the ones who can push their idea of what is right into [[fruition]]. | + | |
| - | * In terms of [[morality]], those who are the strongest will rule others and have the power to determine right and wrong. By this definition, the phrase manifests itself in a [[Norm (philosophy)|normative]] sense. This meaning is often used to define a proscriptive [[moral code]] for society to follow, as well as while discussing [[social Darwinism]] and [[Weberian]] themes of the authority of the state (e.g. 'Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft'). | + | |
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| - | ==History== | + | |
| - | The idea of "woe to the conquered" can be found in Homer and the hawk parable in Hesiod's 'Works and Days' and in [[Livy]], in which "[[vae victis]]", Latin for "woe to the conquered", is first recorded. | + | |
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| - | The first known use of ''might makes right'' in the English language was in 1846 by the American [[pacifist]] and [[abolitionist]] [[Adin Ballou]] (1803–1890), who wrote, "But now, instead of discussion and argument, brute force rises up to the rescue of discomfited error, and crushes truth and right into the dust. 'Might makes right,' and hoary folly totters on in her mad career escorted by armies and navies." (Christian Non-Resistance: In All Its Important Bearings, Illustrated and Defended, 1846.) | + | |
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| - | The phrase in reverse is echoed in [[Abraham Lincoln]]'s words in his February 26, 1860, [[Cooper Union Address]] ("Let us have faith that right makes might, and in that faith, let us, to the end, dare to do our duty as we understand it") in his attempt to defend a policy of neutral engagement with those who practised slavery, perhaps to appear more nationally oriented and religiously convicted in hopes of winning the presidential election later that year (which he did). | + | |
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| - | The idea, though not the wording, has been attributed to the ''[[History of the Peloponnesian War]]'' by the ancient [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] historian [[Thucydides]], who stated that "[[since you know as well as we do that right, as the world goes, is only in question between equals in power, while the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must]]." | + | |
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| - | In a letter to [[Albert Einstein]] from 1932, [[Sigmund Freud]] clearly explores this idea of "might versus right" as well. He discusses the relationship between the two and how this concept has in fact existed throughout time. | + | |
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| - | In the first chapter of Plato's [[The Republic (Plato)|The Republic]], [[Thrasymachus]] claims that "justice is nothing else than the interest of the stronger", which [[Socrates]] then disputes. | + | |
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| - | "Might makes right" has been described as the [[credo]] of [[totalitarian]] regimes. [[Realism (international relations)|Realist]] scholars of [[international politics]] think of it as a game in a kind of "[[state of nature]]" in which might makes right. | + | |
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| - | ==References in literature== | + | |
| - | The author [[T.H. White]] covered this topic extensively in the [[Arthurian]] novel ''[[The Once and Future King]]''. [[Merlin (wizard)|Merlyn]] teaches young Arthur to challenge this concept; Arthur, after assuming the throne, attempts to reduce violence through various means and with varying degrees of success. | + | |
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | * [[Amorality]] | + | *[[Copenhagenization (naval)]] |
| - | * [[Egoism]] | + | *[[List of ships captured in the 18th century]] |
| - | * [[Master–slave_morality#Master_morality|Master morality]] | + | *[[List of ships captured in the 19th century]] |
| - | * [[Law of the jungle]] | + | *[[Prize (law)]] |
| - | * [[Machiavellianism]] | + | *[[Prize money]] |
| - | * [[Max Stirner]] | + | *[[War looting]] |
| - | * [[Melian Dialogue]] | + | *[[War trophy]] |
| - | * [[Might is Right]] | + | |
| - | * [[Moral nihilism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Victor's justice]] | + | |
| - | * [[Right of conquest]] | + | |
| - | * [[Fortune favors the bold]] | + | |
| - | * [[Political realism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Prize of war]] | + | |
| - | * [[Social Darwinism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Supremacism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Blaise Pascal]] | + | |
| - | * [[Marquis de Sade]] | + | |
| - | * [[War trophy]] | + | |
| - | * [[Who Dares Wins]] | + | |
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 12:35, 12 December 2018
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[[File:Chinese pirate spear hmsL4.jpg|300px|right|thumb|A Chinese spear taken as a prize from pirates during the Irene Incident in 1927 by sailors of the British submarine Template:HMS.]]
A prize of war is a piece of enemy property or land seized by a belligerent party during or after a war or battle, typically at sea. This term was used nearly exclusively in terms of captured ships during the 18th and 19th centuries.
See also
- Copenhagenization (naval)
- List of ships captured in the 18th century
- List of ships captured in the 19th century
- Prize (law)
- Prize money
- War looting
- War trophy
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Prize of war" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
