Primordialism
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| - | + | '''Primordialism''' or '''perennialism''' is the argument which contends that [[nations]] are ancient, natural phenomena. | |
| - | In [[Greek mythology]] the '''Primordial deities''' are the first entities or beings that come into existence. They form the very fabric of the universe and as such are [[Immortality|immortal]]. These deities are a group of gods from which all the other gods descend. They preceded the [[Titan (mythology)|Titans]], the descendants of [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]] and [[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]]. | + | |
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| - | == Genealogy and nature == | + | |
| - | Although generally believed to be the first gods produced from [[Chaos (cosmogony)|Chaos]], some sources mention a pair of deities who were the parents of the group. These deities represent various elements of nature. Chaos has at times been considered, in place of [[Ananke (mythology)|Ananke]], the female consort of [[Chronos]]. The female members are capable of [[parthenogenesis]] as well as sexual reproduction. | + | |
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| - | The primordial gods are depicted as a place or a realm. The best example is [[Tartarus]] who is depicted as the Underworld, Hell, and a bottomless abyss. His sibling [[Erebus]] is also depicted as a place of darkness, pitch-black or a vast emptiness of space. | + | |
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| - | Their mother, [[Chaos (cosmogony)|Chaos]] is depicted as an empty void. Other siblings that include [[Gaia (mythology) |Gaia]] are depicted as [[Mother Nature]], or as the earth. [[Pontus (mythology)|Pontus]] or [[Hydros (mythology)|Hydros]] are depicted as the oceans, lakes, and rivers. Chronos is depicted as time and of eternity. | + | |
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| - | ==Hesiod== | + | |
| - | According to [[Hesiod]]'s ''[[Theogony]]'' (c. 700 BC): | + | |
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| - | * [[Chaos (cosmogony)|Chaos]] (Void, Air, ''[[arche]]'') – (sometimes poetically female) | + | |
| - | ** [[Erebus]] (Darkness) – male and [[Nyx]] (Night) – female | + | |
| - | ** [[Aether (mythology)|Aether]] (Light) – male and [[Hemera]] (Day) – female | + | |
| - | * [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]] (Earth) – female | + | |
| - | ** [[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]] (Heaven) – male | + | |
| - | ** The [[Ourea]] (Mountains) – male | + | |
| - | ** [[Pontus (mythology)|Pontus]] (Water, the Seas) – male | + | |
| - | * [[Tartarus]] (the great stormy Hellpit, which was seen as both a deity and the personification) – male | + | |
| - | * [[Eros]] (Procreation) – male | + | |
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| - | ==Other sources== | + | |
| - | * [[Ananke (mythology)|Ananke]] (Compulsion) – female | + | |
| - | * [[Chronos]] (Time) – male | + | |
| - | * [[Hydros (mythology)|Hydros]] (Primordial Waters) – male | + | |
| - | * [[Thesis (goddess)|Thesis]] (Creation) – female | + | |
| - | * [[Phanes (mythology)|Phanes]] (Appearance) or [[Himeros]] or [[Eros]] elder (Procreation) or Protogonos (the First Born) – male (sometimes described as a hermaphrodite but addressed as male) | + | |
| - | * [[Physis]] (Nature) or Thesis (Creation) – female | + | |
| - | * The [[Nesoi (mythology)|Nesoi]] (Islands) – female | + | |
| - | * [[Thalassa (mythology)|Thalassa]] (Sea) – female | + | |
| - | * [[Ophion]] (Serpent; often identified with Uranus, [[Oceanus]], Phanes, or Chronos) – male | + | |
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| - | ==Alternatively attested genealogy structures== | + | |
| - | The [[Ancient Greece|ancient]] '''Greeks''' proposed many different ideas about '''[[Primordialism|primordial]] deities''' in their [[Greek mythology|mythology]], which would later be largely adapted by the Romans. The many [[Religious cosmology|religious cosmologies]] constructed by Greek poets each give a different account of which deities came first. | + | |
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| - | *The ''[[Iliad]]'', an [[epic poem]] attributed to [[Homer]] about the [[Trojan War]] (an oral tradition of 700 or 600 BC) states that [[Oceanus]] (and possibly [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]], too) is the parent of all the deities. | + | |
| - | *[[Alcman]] (c. 600 BC) made the water-nymph [[Thetis]] the first goddess, producing ''poros'' "path", ''tekmor'' "marker" and ''skotos'' "darkness" on the pathless, featureless void. | + | |
| - | *[[Orpheus|Orphic]] poetry (c. 530 BC) made [[Nyx]] the first principle, ''Night'', and her offspring were many. Also, in the Orphic tradition, [[Phanes (mythology)|Phanes]] (a mystic Orphic deity of light and procreation, sometimes identified with the Elder Eros) is the original ruler of the universe, who hatched from the cosmic egg. | + | |
| - | *[[Aristophanes]] (c. 456–386 BC) wrote in his ''Birds'', that Nyx is the first deity also, and that she produced Eros from an egg. | + | |
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| - | Philosophers of [[Classical Greece]] also constructed their own [[cosmology#Metaphysical cosmology|metaphysical cosmogonies]], with their own primordial deities: | + | |
| - | *[[Pherecydes of Syros]] (c. 600–550 BC) made Chronos ("time") the first deity in his ''Heptamychia''. | + | |
| - | *[[Empedocles]] (c. 490–430 BC) wrote that [[Aphrodite]] and [[Ares]] were the first principles, who wove the universe out of the [[Classical element|four elements]] with their powers of love and strife. | + | |
| - | *[[Plato]] in (360 BC) introduced the concept in ''Timaeus'', the [[demiurge]], modeled the universe on the [[Idea]]s. | + | |
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | *[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)]] | + | *[[Ethnic conflict]] |
| + | *[[Nationalism]] | ||
| + | *[[Jus sanguinis]] | ||
| + | *[[Sapir–Whorf hypothesis]] | ||
| + | *[[Social constructionism]] | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 22:28, 21 June 2013
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Primordialism or perennialism is the argument which contends that nations are ancient, natural phenomena.
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