Predation
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| - | # Anything, as goods, etc., taken or got by violence; anything taken by force from an enemy in war; spoil; booty; plunder. | ||
| - | # That which is or may be seized by animals or birds to be devoured; hence, a person given up as a victim. | ||
| - | # A living thing that is eaten by another living thing. | ||
| - | #: ''The rabbit was eaten by the coyote, so the rabbit is the coyote's '''prey'''.'' | ||
| - | ==Etymology== | ||
| - | From Latin [[praeda]]. | ||
| - | # [[plunder]], [[spoils]] of war, [[booty]] | + | In [[ecology]], '''predation''' describes a [[biological interaction]] where a '''predator''' (an organism that is hunting) feeds on its '''prey''' (the organism that is attacked). Predators may or may not kill their prey prior to [[feeding]] on them, but the act of predation always results in the death of its prey and the eventual absorption of the prey's tissue through consumption. Other categories of [[heterotroph|consumption]] are [[herbivory]] (eating parts of plants) and [[detritivore|detritivory]], the consumption of dead organic material ([[detritus]]). All these consumption categories fall under the rubric of [[consumer-resource systems]]. It can often be difficult to separate various types of [[List of feeding behaviours|feeding behaviors]]. For example, some parasitic species prey on a host organism and then lay their eggs on it for their offspring to feed on it while it continues to live or on its decaying corpse after it has died. The key characteristic of predation however is the predator's direct impact on the prey population. On the other hand, detritivores simply eat dead organic material arising from the decay of dead individuals and have no direct impact on the "donor" organism(s). |
| - | # [[prey]], [[game]] taken in the [[hunt]] | + | |
| - | # [[gain]], [[profit]] | + | |
| + | [[Selective pressure]]s imposed on one another often leads to an [[evolutionary arms race]] between prey and predator, resulting in various [[antipredator adaptation]]s. | ||
| + | The unifying theme in all classifications of predation is the predator lowering the [[fitness (biology)|fitness]] of its prey, or put another way, it reduces its prey's chances of survival, reproduction, or both. Ways of classifying predation surveyed here include grouping by [[trophic level]] or diet, by specialization, and by the nature of the predator's interaction with prey. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Etymology== | ||
| + | From Latin [[praeda]]. | ||
| + | == See also == | ||
| + | * [[Bird of prey]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Built for the Kill]]'', a major nature series on the habits of predatory animals | ||
| + | * [[Consumer-resource systems]] | ||
| + | * [[Overpopulation in wild animals]] | ||
| + | * [[Prey drive]] | ||
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Revision as of 09:52, 20 January 2012
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In ecology, predation describes a biological interaction where a predator (an organism that is hunting) feeds on its prey (the organism that is attacked). Predators may or may not kill their prey prior to feeding on them, but the act of predation always results in the death of its prey and the eventual absorption of the prey's tissue through consumption. Other categories of consumption are herbivory (eating parts of plants) and detritivory, the consumption of dead organic material (detritus). All these consumption categories fall under the rubric of consumer-resource systems. It can often be difficult to separate various types of feeding behaviors. For example, some parasitic species prey on a host organism and then lay their eggs on it for their offspring to feed on it while it continues to live or on its decaying corpse after it has died. The key characteristic of predation however is the predator's direct impact on the prey population. On the other hand, detritivores simply eat dead organic material arising from the decay of dead individuals and have no direct impact on the "donor" organism(s).
Selective pressures imposed on one another often leads to an evolutionary arms race between prey and predator, resulting in various antipredator adaptations.
The unifying theme in all classifications of predation is the predator lowering the fitness of its prey, or put another way, it reduces its prey's chances of survival, reproduction, or both. Ways of classifying predation surveyed here include grouping by trophic level or diet, by specialization, and by the nature of the predator's interaction with prey.
Etymology
From Latin praeda.
See also
- Bird of prey
- Built for the Kill, a major nature series on the habits of predatory animals
- Consumer-resource systems
- Overpopulation in wild animals
- Prey drive
