Poverty
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+ | [[Image:L'Absinthe (1876) - Edgar Degas.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''[[L'Absinthe]]'' ([[1876]]) - [[Edgar Degas]] | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <hr>"Give me your [[tired]], your [[poor]], <br/> | ||
+ | Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, <br/> | ||
+ | The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. <br/> | ||
+ | Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, <br/> | ||
+ | I lift my lamp beside the golden door!" --[[Emma Lazarus]], 1883 | ||
+ | ]] | ||
+ | {| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5" | ||
+ | | style="text-align: left;" | | ||
+ | "No society can surely be flourishing and happy, of which the far greater part of the members are [[Poverty|poor]] and miserable." --''[[The Wealth of Nations ]]'' | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | [[Image:The Poor Poet by Carl Spitzweg.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[The Poor Poet]]'' (1839) is a painting by [[Carl Spitzweg]]]] | ||
+ | |||
{{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
- | '''Poverty''' is understood in many senses <ref>P Spicker, S Alvarez Leguizamon, D Gordon,(eds) 2007, Poverty: an international glossary.</ref>. The main understandings of the term include: | ||
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- | *Descriptions of material need, typically including the necessities of daily living (food, clothing, shelter, and health care). Poverty in this sense may be understood as a condition in which a person or community is deprived of, and or lacks the essentials for a minimum standard of well-being and life. These essentials may be material resources such as [[food]], safe [[drinking water]], and [[shelter]], or they may be social resources such as [[information access|access to information]], [[education]], [[health care]], [[social status]], [[political power]],<ref>[http://www.journalofpoverty.org/JOPPURP/JOPPURP.HTM Journal of Poverty]</ref> or the opportunity to develop meaningful connections with other people in society.<ref>[http://www.paho.org/english/sha/be_v23n1-glossary.htm A Glossary for Social Epidemiology] Nancy Krieger, PhD, [[Harvard School of Public Health]]</ref> | ||
- | *Descriptions of social relationships and need, including social exclusion <ref>H Silver, 1994, social exclusion and social solidarity, in International Labour Review, 133 5-6</ref>, dependency <ref>G Simmel, The poor, Social Problems 1965 13 </ref>, and the ability to participate in society <ref>P Townsend, 1979, Poverty in the UK, Penguin</ref>. This would include education and information. | ||
- | *Describing a (persistent) lack of income and wealth. The World Bank, for example, uses a global indicator of incomes or $1 or $2 a day. In relative terms disparities in income or wealth [[income disparity|income disparities]] are seen as an indicator of poverty and the condition of poverty is linked to questions of scarcity and distribution of resources and power. | ||
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- | The World Bank's "Voices of the Poor" <ref>{http://www1.worldbank.org/prem/poverty/voices/ Voices of the Poor} </ref>, based on research with over 20,000 poor people in 23 countries, identifies a range of factors which poor people identify as part of poverty. These include | ||
- | *precarious livelihoods | + | '''Poverty''' is general scarcity or [[dearth]], or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. [[Extreme poverty|Absolute poverty]] or '''destitution''' refers to the deprivation of [[basic needs|basic human needs]], which commonly includes food, [[drinking water|water]], sanitation, clothing, shelter, health care and education. Relative poverty is defined contextually as [[economic inequality]] in the location or society in which people live. |
- | *excluded locations | + | |
- | *physical limitations | + | |
- | *gender relationships | + | |
- | *problems in social relationships | + | |
- | *lack of security | + | |
- | *abuse by those in power | + | |
- | *disempowering institutions | + | |
- | *limited capabilities, and | + | |
- | *weak community organisations. | + | |
- | Most important are those necessary for material well-being, especially food. Others of these issues relate to social rather than material issues. | + | After the [[industrial revolution]], [[mass production]] in factories made production goods increasingly less expensive and more accessible. Of more importance is the modernization of [[history of agriculture|agriculture]], such as fertilizers, to provide enough yield to feed the population. |
- | Poverty may be defined by a government or organization for legal purposes, see [[Poverty threshold]]. | + | Poverty reduction is a major goal and issue for many international organizations such as the United Nations and the [[World Bank]]. |
+ | == Antonym == | ||
+ | *[[Rich]] | ||
- | Poverty may be seen as the collective condition of poor people, or of poor groups, and in this sense entire [[nation|nation-states]] are sometimes regarded as poor. A more neutral term is [[developing nation]]s. Although the most severe poverty is in the developing world, there is evidence of poverty in every region. In developed countries examples include [[homelessness|homeless]] people and [[ghetto]]s. | + | == See also == |
+ | *''[[The Bottom Billion]]'' | ||
+ | *''[[On the Poverty of Student Life]]'' | ||
+ | *''[[The End of Poverty]]'' | ||
+ | *[[Poverty Row]] | ||
+ | *[[Self-sufficiency]] | ||
+ | *[[Subsistence]] | ||
+ | *[[Underclass]] | ||
+ | *[[Starving artist]] | ||
+ | *[[Social documentary photography ]] | ||
- | Poverty is also a type of religious vow, a state that may be taken on voluntarily in keeping with practices of piety. | ||
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Revision as of 22:11, 10 October 2020
"No society can surely be flourishing and happy, of which the far greater part of the members are poor and miserable." --The Wealth of Nations |
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Poverty is general scarcity or dearth, or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. Absolute poverty or destitution refers to the deprivation of basic human needs, which commonly includes food, water, sanitation, clothing, shelter, health care and education. Relative poverty is defined contextually as economic inequality in the location or society in which people live.
After the industrial revolution, mass production in factories made production goods increasingly less expensive and more accessible. Of more importance is the modernization of agriculture, such as fertilizers, to provide enough yield to feed the population.
Poverty reduction is a major goal and issue for many international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Bank.
Antonym
See also
- The Bottom Billion
- On the Poverty of Student Life
- The End of Poverty
- Poverty Row
- Self-sufficiency
- Subsistence
- Underclass
- Starving artist
- Social documentary photography