Pop music
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | "[[Rockism and poptimism|Rockist]]s believe that [[pop music]] should follow the [[Authenticity in art|'authentic']] [[rock and roll]] paradigm: the basic instrumentation of [[guitar]]s, [[bass guitar]]s and [[drums]]. The fundamental tenet of rockism is that some forms of [[popular music]] are more authentic than others. Rockism places value on the idea of the composer and performer as [[auteur]]; authentic music is composed as a sincere form of [[self-expression]], and usually performed by those who composed it. This is as opposed to the notion of manufactured [[pop music|"pop" music]], created in [[assembly line]] fashion by teams of hired producers and technicians and performed by [[pop star]]s who have little input into the creative process, designed to appeal to a [[mass market]] and make [[profit]]s rather than express authentic sentiments."--Sholem Stein | ||
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| + | "[[Popular culture|Pop culture]] - the [[folk culture]] of the modern market, the culture of the instant, at once subsuming past and future and refusing to acknowledge the reality of either - began about [[1948]], in the United States and Great Britain." --''[[Lipstick Traces]]'', Greil Marcus, p. 257. | ||
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| + | "As old as the tension between [[art music]] and [[Vernacular music|vulgar music]] is, it became radical only in [[late capitalism|high capitalism]]. In earlier epochs, art music was able to regenerate its material from time to time and enlarge its sphere by recourse to vulgar music. This is seen in [[medieval music|medieval polyphony]], which drew upon [[folk music|folk song]]s for its ''[[Cantus firmus|cantus firmi]]'', and also in [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]], when he combined [[peep show|peep-show]] cosmology with [[opera seria]] and [[Singspiel]]."--"[[On the Social Situation of Music]]" (1932) by Theodor Adorno | ||
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| + | [[Image:Buffalo Gals (1840).jpg|thumb|right|200px|This page '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is part of the [[music]] series.<br><small>Illustration: Sheet music to "[[Buffalo Gals]]" (c. 1840), a traditional song.</small>]] | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| + | '''Pop music''' is music [[intend]]ed for or accepted by a [[wide audience]], usually with a [[commercial]] basis and distinguished from other genres such as [[classical music]] and [[art music]]. | ||
| - | '''Pop music''' (a term that originally derives from an abbreviation of "popular") is a [[music genre|genre]] of [[popular music]] which originated in its modern form in the [[United States in the 1950s|United States]] in the [[1950s]], deriving from [[rock and roll]]. The terms "popular music" and "pop music" are often used interchangeably, even though the former is a description of music which is popular (and can include any style). | + | Identifying factors of pop music include [[repeated]] choruses and [[Hook (music)|hooks]], short to medium-length songs written in a basic format (often the [[verse–chorus form|verse-chorus structure]]), and [[rhythm]]s or [[tempo]]s that can be easily danced to. |
| + | ==Etymology== | ||
| + | Shortened form of [[popular music]]. | ||
| - | As a genre, pop music is very eclectic, often borrowing elements from other styles including [[urban contemporary|urban]], [[dance music|dance]], [[rock music|rock]], [[Latin music|Latin]] and [[country music|country]]; nonetheless, there are core elements which define pop. Such include generally short-to-medium length songs, written in a basic format (often the [[verse–chorus form|verse-chorus structure]]), as well as the common employment of repeated choruses, melodic tunes, and [[Catchiness|catchy]] [[hook (music)|hook]]s. | + | According to the website of ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians]]'', the term "pop music" "originated in [[United Kingdom|Britain]] in the mid-1950s as a description for [[rock and roll]] and the new youth music styles that it influenced". ''The Oxford Dictionary of Music'' states that while pop's "earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience [...] since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the special meaning of non-classical mus[ic], usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as [[The Beatles]], [[The Rolling Stones]], [[ABBA]], etc." ''Grove Music Online'' also states that "[...] in the early 1960s, [the term] 'pop music' competed terminologically with [[beat music]] [in England], while in the US its coverage overlapped (as it still does) with that of 'rock and roll'". |
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| - | So-called "pure pop" music, such as [[power pop]], features all these elements, using [[electric guitar]]s, [[drum kit|drums]] and [[bass guitar|bass]] for instrumentation; in the case of such music, the main goal is usually that of being pleasurable to listen to, rather than having much artistic depth. Pop music is generally thought of as a genre which is commercially recorded and desires to have a mass audience appeal. | + | |
| - | ==Definitions== | + | |
| - | David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as "a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, and folk musics". According to [[Pete Seeger]], pop music is "professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music". Although pop music is often seen as oriented towards the [[record chart|singles charts]] it is not the sum of all chart music, which has always contained songs from a variety of sources, including [[classical music|classical]], [[jazz]], [[rock music|rock]], and [[novelty song]]s, while pop music as a genre is usually seen as existing and developing separately. Thus "pop music" may be used to describe a distinct genre, aimed at a youth market, often characterized as a softer alternative to [[rock and roll]]. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ==Style== | + | |
| - | The standard format of pop music is the [[song]], customarily less than five minutes in duration, with [[Instrumentation (music)|instrumentation]] that can range from an orchestra to a lone singer. Pop songs are generally marked by a consistent and noticeable [[Rhythm|rhythmic element]], a [[Mainstream (terminology)|mainstream]] style and traditional [[Song structure (popular music)|structure]]. Rare variants are the [[verse-chorus form]] and the [[thirty-two-bar form]], with a focus on [[Melody|melodies]] and catchy [[Hook (music)|hooks]], and a [[Refrain|chorus]] that contrasts melodically, rhythmically and [[Harmony|harmonically]] with the [[Verse (popular music)#Verse|verse]]. | + | |
| + | From about 1967, the term “pop music” was increasingly used in opposition to the term [[rock music]], a division that gave generic significance to both terms. While rock aspired to [[authenticity (philosophy)|authenticity]] and an expansion of the possibilities of popular music, According to British musicologist [[Simon Frith]], pop music is produced "as a matter of [[business|enterprise]] not art", and is "designed to appeal to everyone" but "doesn't come from any particular place or mark off any particular taste". Frith adds that it is "not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward [...] and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative". It is, "provided from on high (by record companies, radio programmers, and concert promoters) rather than being made from below ... Pop is not a [[DIY|do-it-yourself]] music but is professionally produced and packaged". | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| + | *[[Art pop]] | ||
| *[[List of best-selling singles ]] | *[[List of best-selling singles ]] | ||
| *[[Catchiness]] | *[[Catchiness]] | ||
| + | *[[Earworm]] | ||
| *[[List of popular music genres]] | *[[List of popular music genres]] | ||
| * [[Origins of rock and roll]] | * [[Origins of rock and roll]] | ||
| *[[Traditional pop music]] | *[[Traditional pop music]] | ||
| *[[Hit record]] | *[[Hit record]] | ||
| + | *[[Popular]] | ||
| + | *[[Pop culture]] | ||
| + | *[[Yé-yé]] | ||
| + | *[[Space age pop ]] | ||
| + | *[[Electropop]] | ||
| + | *[[Europop]] | ||
| + | *[[Synth-pop]] | ||
| + | *[[Bubblegum pop]] | ||
| + | *[[Dance-pop]] | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
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"Rockists believe that pop music should follow the 'authentic' rock and roll paradigm: the basic instrumentation of guitars, bass guitars and drums. The fundamental tenet of rockism is that some forms of popular music are more authentic than others. Rockism places value on the idea of the composer and performer as auteur; authentic music is composed as a sincere form of self-expression, and usually performed by those who composed it. This is as opposed to the notion of manufactured "pop" music, created in assembly line fashion by teams of hired producers and technicians and performed by pop stars who have little input into the creative process, designed to appeal to a mass market and make profits rather than express authentic sentiments."--Sholem Stein "Pop culture - the folk culture of the modern market, the culture of the instant, at once subsuming past and future and refusing to acknowledge the reality of either - began about 1948, in the United States and Great Britain." --Lipstick Traces, Greil Marcus, p. 257. "As old as the tension between art music and vulgar music is, it became radical only in high capitalism. In earlier epochs, art music was able to regenerate its material from time to time and enlarge its sphere by recourse to vulgar music. This is seen in medieval polyphony, which drew upon folk songs for its cantus firmi, and also in Mozart, when he combined peep-show cosmology with opera seria and Singspiel."--"On the Social Situation of Music" (1932) by Theodor Adorno |
Illustration: Sheet music to "Buffalo Gals" (c. 1840), a traditional song.
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Pop music is music intended for or accepted by a wide audience, usually with a commercial basis and distinguished from other genres such as classical music and art music.
Identifying factors of pop music include repeated choruses and hooks, short to medium-length songs written in a basic format (often the verse-chorus structure), and rhythms or tempos that can be easily danced to.
Etymology
Shortened form of popular music.
According to the website of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, the term "pop music" "originated in Britain in the mid-1950s as a description for rock and roll and the new youth music styles that it influenced". The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pop's "earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience [...] since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the special meaning of non-classical mus[ic], usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, ABBA, etc." Grove Music Online also states that "[...] in the early 1960s, [the term] 'pop music' competed terminologically with beat music [in England], while in the US its coverage overlapped (as it still does) with that of 'rock and roll'".
From about 1967, the term “pop music” was increasingly used in opposition to the term rock music, a division that gave generic significance to both terms. While rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of popular music, According to British musicologist Simon Frith, pop music is produced "as a matter of enterprise not art", and is "designed to appeal to everyone" but "doesn't come from any particular place or mark off any particular taste". Frith adds that it is "not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward [...] and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative". It is, "provided from on high (by record companies, radio programmers, and concert promoters) rather than being made from below ... Pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged".
See also
- Art pop
- List of best-selling singles
- Catchiness
- Earworm
- List of popular music genres
- Origins of rock and roll
- Traditional pop music
- Hit record
- Popular
- Pop culture
- Yé-yé
- Space age pop
- Electropop
- Europop
- Synth-pop
- Bubblegum pop
- Dance-pop
